PSYC 3001 EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Stigmatized people: - ANS -face rejection and avoidance from others; gaining acceptance is
regarded as the chief problem for most stigmatized people
(Goffman, 1963).
-Stigmatized people also provoke negative emotional reactions in others, such as tension,
uncertainty, or disliking
-Friendships and companionship play a vital role in preserving mental health and adjustment
Stigma heightens anxiety: - ANS -in others, leading to fewer and poorer social interactions.
-in oneself, leading to more vigilance about, and less control over, one's behavior.
Stigma heightens stereotyping: - ANS -from others, leading to more negative assumptions
about, and discrimination of, stigmatized individuals.
-of oneself, leading to avoidance of stereotype-confirming situations and defensiveness toward
majority group persons.
stigma consciousness: - ANS Social consequences of stigma also accrue from the awareness
that one is singled out by others based on an attribute that is negatively stereotyped (Pinel,
1999)
Stigma controllability: - ANS refers to who caused or is responsible for the stigmatizing
attribute, status, or condition or to what extent it could have been prevented
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, Just world theory: - ANS argues that we have a general need to see the world—and the
people and events in it—as reasonable, orderly, and just
Stigma visibility: - ANS refers to how apparent it is to others and how difficult it is to conceal
from others
stigma peril: - ANS A final dimension of the social consequences of stigma is the danger that
other people associate with a stigmatizing condition
master status attribute: - ANS all of a stigmatized person's other abilities and qualities will
become subordinate to and colored by this
stigma management: - ANS individual strategies for coping with social stigma
Withdrawal: - ANS -One strategy by which stigmatized individuals may cope with the
negative social implications of stigma—namely, rejection, strained interactions, and loss of
opportunity—is to simply avoid people who treat them stereotypically.
withdrawal from the nonstigmatized world increase one's acceptance and social opportunity: -
ANS -First, associating with similarly stigmatized people should afford stigmatized individuals
greater acceptance and more normal social interaction within those in-groups
-Second, stigmatized people may realize greater acceptance and social opportunity in the
nonstigmatized world through social and political activism For example, the National
Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA) is a support and advocacy group for
overweight individuals
As a stigma management strategy to increase social acceptance, withdrawal has two distinct
disadvantages: - ANS -First, withdrawal is physically and socially isolating from the broader,
nonstigmatized culture
-Second, people who are marginalized from the nonstigmatized majority and more socially
identified with their stigmatizing attribute risk experiencing greater stereotyping and prejudice
2 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
ANSWERS
Stigmatized people: - ANS -face rejection and avoidance from others; gaining acceptance is
regarded as the chief problem for most stigmatized people
(Goffman, 1963).
-Stigmatized people also provoke negative emotional reactions in others, such as tension,
uncertainty, or disliking
-Friendships and companionship play a vital role in preserving mental health and adjustment
Stigma heightens anxiety: - ANS -in others, leading to fewer and poorer social interactions.
-in oneself, leading to more vigilance about, and less control over, one's behavior.
Stigma heightens stereotyping: - ANS -from others, leading to more negative assumptions
about, and discrimination of, stigmatized individuals.
-of oneself, leading to avoidance of stereotype-confirming situations and defensiveness toward
majority group persons.
stigma consciousness: - ANS Social consequences of stigma also accrue from the awareness
that one is singled out by others based on an attribute that is negatively stereotyped (Pinel,
1999)
Stigma controllability: - ANS refers to who caused or is responsible for the stigmatizing
attribute, status, or condition or to what extent it could have been prevented
1 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
, Just world theory: - ANS argues that we have a general need to see the world—and the
people and events in it—as reasonable, orderly, and just
Stigma visibility: - ANS refers to how apparent it is to others and how difficult it is to conceal
from others
stigma peril: - ANS A final dimension of the social consequences of stigma is the danger that
other people associate with a stigmatizing condition
master status attribute: - ANS all of a stigmatized person's other abilities and qualities will
become subordinate to and colored by this
stigma management: - ANS individual strategies for coping with social stigma
Withdrawal: - ANS -One strategy by which stigmatized individuals may cope with the
negative social implications of stigma—namely, rejection, strained interactions, and loss of
opportunity—is to simply avoid people who treat them stereotypically.
withdrawal from the nonstigmatized world increase one's acceptance and social opportunity: -
ANS -First, associating with similarly stigmatized people should afford stigmatized individuals
greater acceptance and more normal social interaction within those in-groups
-Second, stigmatized people may realize greater acceptance and social opportunity in the
nonstigmatized world through social and political activism For example, the National
Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA) is a support and advocacy group for
overweight individuals
As a stigma management strategy to increase social acceptance, withdrawal has two distinct
disadvantages: - ANS -First, withdrawal is physically and socially isolating from the broader,
nonstigmatized culture
-Second, people who are marginalized from the nonstigmatized majority and more socially
identified with their stigmatizing attribute risk experiencing greater stereotyping and prejudice
2 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
