8/9/25, 1:42 PM Louisiana landscape Horticulture state exam
Louisiana landscape Horticulture state test bank
exam 2025-2026 \updated questions and accurate
detailed answers \verified 100%
designates a special group of plants, may differ in
Cultivars
growth habit, season of maturity, fruit, color, shape
root systems taproot and fibrous
function of root system absorption, anchorage, conduction, storage
taproot grows directly downward
stems support, conduction, storage
conduction movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances
manufactured in plants
vascular tissue that carries water upward from the
xylem
roots to every part of a plant through inner tissue
phloem food from leaves moves out of leaves through outer stem
monocots angiosperms that have only one seed leaf
Dicots angiosperms that have two seed leaves
complete circle of dead tissue around the stem with
girdle
interrupts the food supply pipeline
nodes where leaves attach to stem
internodes the stem segments between nodes
specialized stems and roots bulbs, corms, rhizomes, tubers, tuberous roots
Angiosperms flowering plants that produce seeds in fruit
Gymnosperms plants that produce seeds but not flowers
pistil Female part of the flower
stigma expanded tip of the style
priority in which plants receive flowers, seeds, leaves, stems, roots
food
macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Micronutrients boron, manganese, copper, zinc, iron, molybdenum, chlorine
N-P-K nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
ingredient in photosynthesis, solvent for nutrients,
WATER
cools plant during transpiration, gives plant tissue
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, 8/9/25, 1:42 PM Louisiana landscape Horticulture state exam
rigidity and turgor
soil moisture content at which plants can no longer obtain
Permanent Wilting Point (PWP)
enough moisture to meet transpiration requirements,
causing the plant to wilt and die
areas with certain consistent variations in light,
Microclimate
temperature, and moisture in a garden
heat travels conduction, convection, radiation
AVG. # of days per year 90 to 120 days
above 86 degrees F zone 8
AVG. # of days per year 120-150 days
above 86 degrees F zone 9
Relative amounts of the different types and sizes of
soil texture
mineral particles in a sample of soil. classified as
sand, silt, and clay
the arrangement of soil particles. can be single grained
soil structure
(sandy soils) or particles grouped together (clay
soils)
classified according to the percentage of organic matter
organic matter
present in the strata's top 12 inches
ph scale 1-6 acid
ph scale 7 neutral
ph scale 8-14 alkaline
sulfur added to alkaline soils to lower pH
lime added to acid soils to raise pH
Soil regulates nutrient availability
two ways soils can be organic and mineral
classified
sexual propagation reproduction of plants with the use of seeds or spores
Propagation Disadvantage producing offspring that are not uniform
1. flower or cone bud induction
2. flower bud initiation and development
reproductive phase
3. flowering
4. fruit and seed production if fertilization occurs
good conditions necessary to slow down the seeds
storage
biological activity, metabolism, but not stop activity
required for germination water and temperature
/ 2/9
Louisiana landscape Horticulture state test bank
exam 2025-2026 \updated questions and accurate
detailed answers \verified 100%
designates a special group of plants, may differ in
Cultivars
growth habit, season of maturity, fruit, color, shape
root systems taproot and fibrous
function of root system absorption, anchorage, conduction, storage
taproot grows directly downward
stems support, conduction, storage
conduction movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances
manufactured in plants
vascular tissue that carries water upward from the
xylem
roots to every part of a plant through inner tissue
phloem food from leaves moves out of leaves through outer stem
monocots angiosperms that have only one seed leaf
Dicots angiosperms that have two seed leaves
complete circle of dead tissue around the stem with
girdle
interrupts the food supply pipeline
nodes where leaves attach to stem
internodes the stem segments between nodes
specialized stems and roots bulbs, corms, rhizomes, tubers, tuberous roots
Angiosperms flowering plants that produce seeds in fruit
Gymnosperms plants that produce seeds but not flowers
pistil Female part of the flower
stigma expanded tip of the style
priority in which plants receive flowers, seeds, leaves, stems, roots
food
macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Micronutrients boron, manganese, copper, zinc, iron, molybdenum, chlorine
N-P-K nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
ingredient in photosynthesis, solvent for nutrients,
WATER
cools plant during transpiration, gives plant tissue
/ 1/9
, 8/9/25, 1:42 PM Louisiana landscape Horticulture state exam
rigidity and turgor
soil moisture content at which plants can no longer obtain
Permanent Wilting Point (PWP)
enough moisture to meet transpiration requirements,
causing the plant to wilt and die
areas with certain consistent variations in light,
Microclimate
temperature, and moisture in a garden
heat travels conduction, convection, radiation
AVG. # of days per year 90 to 120 days
above 86 degrees F zone 8
AVG. # of days per year 120-150 days
above 86 degrees F zone 9
Relative amounts of the different types and sizes of
soil texture
mineral particles in a sample of soil. classified as
sand, silt, and clay
the arrangement of soil particles. can be single grained
soil structure
(sandy soils) or particles grouped together (clay
soils)
classified according to the percentage of organic matter
organic matter
present in the strata's top 12 inches
ph scale 1-6 acid
ph scale 7 neutral
ph scale 8-14 alkaline
sulfur added to alkaline soils to lower pH
lime added to acid soils to raise pH
Soil regulates nutrient availability
two ways soils can be organic and mineral
classified
sexual propagation reproduction of plants with the use of seeds or spores
Propagation Disadvantage producing offspring that are not uniform
1. flower or cone bud induction
2. flower bud initiation and development
reproductive phase
3. flowering
4. fruit and seed production if fertilization occurs
good conditions necessary to slow down the seeds
storage
biological activity, metabolism, but not stop activity
required for germination water and temperature
/ 2/9
