EMT medical conditions Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
croup - --ANSWER--infection of the upper airway common between 6 months
and 4 years
causes swelling beneath the glottis, presents with a seal bark cough
epiglottitis - --ANSWER--bacterial infection that causes swelling of the epiglottis,
drooling, mouth breathing, inspiratory stridor
asthma - --ANSWER--long term inflammatory process characterized by increased
mucus production and acute narrowing of the airways, SOB, wheezing
bronchiolitis - --ANSWER--the mucosal layer of the bronchioles is inflamed by a
viral infection, producing wheezing and other symptoms of asthma
pneumonia - --ANSWER--infection in the lungs can obstruct the airways and lead
to respiratory compromise, SOB, chest tightness, diminished breath sounds, and
cough
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,congenital heart disease (CHD) - --ANSWER--can be due to abnormal valves,
vessels, or chambers presenting with inadequate pulmonary blood flow with
cyanosis and hypoxia
meningitis - --ANSWER--infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord
signs: recent ear or respiratory tract infection, high fever, vomiting, movement is
painful
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - --ANSWER--sudden and unexpected
death of an infant in which an autopsy fails to identify the cause of death
neuropathy - --ANSWER--affects motor, sensory, and autonomic nerve tracts;
numbness, tingling, pain, swelling, weakness, and decreased pain perception may
occur, diabetes increases the risk
congestive heart failure (CHF) - --ANSWER--backup of blood behind a weakened
heart results in characteristic signs and symptoms: JVD, edema in the extremities,
chest pain
pulmonary edema - --ANSWER--fluid in the lungs, the left ventricle starts to eject
less blood than the right, fluid leaks into the space between the alveoli and
capillaries
signs: severe respiratory distress, orthopnea, AMS, coughing, blood tinged sputum
pulmonary embolism - --ANSWER--usually occurring when a blood clot breaks
free from veins of the lower extremities or pelvis and is transported back through
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
, the right side of the heart, eventually reaching the pulmonary arteries leading to
poor gas exchange and respiratory distress
signs: sudden onset of dyspnea, localized chest pain, possible back or shoulder
pain, weakness, syncope
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) - --ANSWER--
complication of type II diabetes where the BGL rises, but enough insulin is present
to allow glucose to be used for energy so that ketones are not produced
delirium - --ANSWER--alteration in mental function with a recent and sudden
onset that may begin with delusions
anaphylaxis - --ANSWER--severe, exaggerated systemic, allergic reaction that is
associated with severe swelling of the upper and lower airways, constriction of the
bronchioles, leakage of fluid from the capillaries, systemic vessel dilation, and an
increased production of mucus
treatment: oxygen, neb kit, epipen
dementia - --ANSWER--chronic, irreversible deterioration in mental function and
management is supportive
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - --ANSWER--chronic bronchitis
+ emphysema (damaged alveoli), pts will always be SOB
treat with oxygen
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
Questions and Answers
croup - --ANSWER--infection of the upper airway common between 6 months
and 4 years
causes swelling beneath the glottis, presents with a seal bark cough
epiglottitis - --ANSWER--bacterial infection that causes swelling of the epiglottis,
drooling, mouth breathing, inspiratory stridor
asthma - --ANSWER--long term inflammatory process characterized by increased
mucus production and acute narrowing of the airways, SOB, wheezing
bronchiolitis - --ANSWER--the mucosal layer of the bronchioles is inflamed by a
viral infection, producing wheezing and other symptoms of asthma
pneumonia - --ANSWER--infection in the lungs can obstruct the airways and lead
to respiratory compromise, SOB, chest tightness, diminished breath sounds, and
cough
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,congenital heart disease (CHD) - --ANSWER--can be due to abnormal valves,
vessels, or chambers presenting with inadequate pulmonary blood flow with
cyanosis and hypoxia
meningitis - --ANSWER--infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord
signs: recent ear or respiratory tract infection, high fever, vomiting, movement is
painful
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - --ANSWER--sudden and unexpected
death of an infant in which an autopsy fails to identify the cause of death
neuropathy - --ANSWER--affects motor, sensory, and autonomic nerve tracts;
numbness, tingling, pain, swelling, weakness, and decreased pain perception may
occur, diabetes increases the risk
congestive heart failure (CHF) - --ANSWER--backup of blood behind a weakened
heart results in characteristic signs and symptoms: JVD, edema in the extremities,
chest pain
pulmonary edema - --ANSWER--fluid in the lungs, the left ventricle starts to eject
less blood than the right, fluid leaks into the space between the alveoli and
capillaries
signs: severe respiratory distress, orthopnea, AMS, coughing, blood tinged sputum
pulmonary embolism - --ANSWER--usually occurring when a blood clot breaks
free from veins of the lower extremities or pelvis and is transported back through
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
, the right side of the heart, eventually reaching the pulmonary arteries leading to
poor gas exchange and respiratory distress
signs: sudden onset of dyspnea, localized chest pain, possible back or shoulder
pain, weakness, syncope
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) - --ANSWER--
complication of type II diabetes where the BGL rises, but enough insulin is present
to allow glucose to be used for energy so that ketones are not produced
delirium - --ANSWER--alteration in mental function with a recent and sudden
onset that may begin with delusions
anaphylaxis - --ANSWER--severe, exaggerated systemic, allergic reaction that is
associated with severe swelling of the upper and lower airways, constriction of the
bronchioles, leakage of fluid from the capillaries, systemic vessel dilation, and an
increased production of mucus
treatment: oxygen, neb kit, epipen
dementia - --ANSWER--chronic, irreversible deterioration in mental function and
management is supportive
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - --ANSWER--chronic bronchitis
+ emphysema (damaged alveoli), pts will always be SOB
treat with oxygen
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
