NATS 1670 QUIZ 3 EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is Clostridium difficile? - ANS A bacteria that causes infectious diarrhea / colitis. It can
occur when antibiotics "wipe-out" a person's normal gut flora. It is often considered to be a
nosocomial or hospital acquired infection.
What happens when there is too much immunity? - ANS allergy
autommune disease
acute inflammation-sepssi, cytokine storm
What are the 3 stages of immunity? - ANS Intrinsic
Innate
Acquired
what are the ways we prevent infection and bacteria from skin level? - ANS Outer layer of
the skin
normal flora
flushing (sweat)
Phospho lipds
what are the ways we prevent infection and bacteria from the GI tract? - ANS Perstalisis
low pH
bile salts
1 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
,what are the ways we prevent infection and bacteria from at the nasopharynx and eye -
ANS mucus, saliva, tears
flushing
lysozye - destroy bacterial cells
WHat are the advantages of innate immunity - ANS Immediate
one cell can recoginize and kill many pathogens
What are charistricts of adaptive immunity - ANS - take effect after a few days
- leads to a state of immune memory
- Specificity improves and target the pathogen of intrest
WHY DO DOGS EAT POOP - ANS TO REPOPULATE THEIR GUT FLORA
WHATS THE PH OF THE STOMACH - ANS 1 0R 2
Why do bacteria have cells walls - ANS to help maintain osmotic pressure
what disease keeps changing its strain which results in a new vaccine almost every year -
ANS influenza
What are the organs of the immune system - ANS primary organs
- Bone marrow
-Thymus
Secondary Organs
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, -Adenoids
- Tonsils
- Lymph nodes
- Spleen
- Peyer's patches
- Appendix
- Lymph nodes
What is the function of bone marrow for the lymphoid system? - ANS the factory of
haemopoietic stem cells
What is the function of thymus - ANS instructs certain lymphocytes to differentitate into
thymus-dependent lymphocytes (T-cells)
what are the cell mediated immune cells in the Innate immune system? - ANS Neutrophils
macrophages
NK cells
What are the cell mediated immune cells in the Adaptive immune system? - ANS Cytotoxic T
cells to kill trasformed cells
What is the secreted protein in the innate immune system? and what does it do -
ANS Complement interferon
It works by, releasing the interfron from infected cells which alerts other nerby cells, to have
their viral defences up
What is a cytokine? - ANS A broad category of small protein involved in cell signalling
3 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is Clostridium difficile? - ANS A bacteria that causes infectious diarrhea / colitis. It can
occur when antibiotics "wipe-out" a person's normal gut flora. It is often considered to be a
nosocomial or hospital acquired infection.
What happens when there is too much immunity? - ANS allergy
autommune disease
acute inflammation-sepssi, cytokine storm
What are the 3 stages of immunity? - ANS Intrinsic
Innate
Acquired
what are the ways we prevent infection and bacteria from skin level? - ANS Outer layer of
the skin
normal flora
flushing (sweat)
Phospho lipds
what are the ways we prevent infection and bacteria from the GI tract? - ANS Perstalisis
low pH
bile salts
1 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
,what are the ways we prevent infection and bacteria from at the nasopharynx and eye -
ANS mucus, saliva, tears
flushing
lysozye - destroy bacterial cells
WHat are the advantages of innate immunity - ANS Immediate
one cell can recoginize and kill many pathogens
What are charistricts of adaptive immunity - ANS - take effect after a few days
- leads to a state of immune memory
- Specificity improves and target the pathogen of intrest
WHY DO DOGS EAT POOP - ANS TO REPOPULATE THEIR GUT FLORA
WHATS THE PH OF THE STOMACH - ANS 1 0R 2
Why do bacteria have cells walls - ANS to help maintain osmotic pressure
what disease keeps changing its strain which results in a new vaccine almost every year -
ANS influenza
What are the organs of the immune system - ANS primary organs
- Bone marrow
-Thymus
Secondary Organs
2 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
, -Adenoids
- Tonsils
- Lymph nodes
- Spleen
- Peyer's patches
- Appendix
- Lymph nodes
What is the function of bone marrow for the lymphoid system? - ANS the factory of
haemopoietic stem cells
What is the function of thymus - ANS instructs certain lymphocytes to differentitate into
thymus-dependent lymphocytes (T-cells)
what are the cell mediated immune cells in the Innate immune system? - ANS Neutrophils
macrophages
NK cells
What are the cell mediated immune cells in the Adaptive immune system? - ANS Cytotoxic T
cells to kill trasformed cells
What is the secreted protein in the innate immune system? and what does it do -
ANS Complement interferon
It works by, releasing the interfron from infected cells which alerts other nerby cells, to have
their viral defences up
What is a cytokine? - ANS A broad category of small protein involved in cell signalling
3 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
