PNR 208 Community Exam 1 Questions With Complete
Solutions
Type 1 Diabetes
Autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells leading to
insulin deficiency
Acute onset presenting with polydipsia, polyphagia, and
polyuria commonly with lethargy, weakness, and weight loss
T1DM
there is sometimes a history of recurrent infections, usually
fungal, and acute infection can be the trigger for DKA
Acute Conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva
can be caused by bacteria, virus, allergens, irritants, or toxins
Bacterial conjunctivitis
More likely to begin in one eye and spread to the other eye
within a few days. Commonly called "pinkeye"
Viral, allergic, toxic conjunctivitis
More likely to begin in both eyes simultaneously
Scabies
Cause by a parasite that burrows under the skin and lays eggs
Causes intense itching especially at night. Rach is vesicular or
vesiculopustular with excoriation marks and burrows (lines seen
under the skin)
,-More likely to be in the folds of the skin, soles of the feet,
between fingers and toes
pediculosis capitis
Head lice: louse lies nits near the base of the hair shaft
Nits and adult lice seen in hair
Excoriation marks, vesicles, and pustules from scratching may
be seen in scalp and around the face
iron deficiency anemia
more likely in infancy and adolescence due to growth spurts
can be related to iron deficiency in mother during pregnancy, GI
bleeding (whole milk to young infants), menstrual bleeding,
inadequate dietary intake, or poor absorption.
Iron
Infants rely on stores of ______ developed during prenatal
development until they begin eating
High Iron foods
Liver, red meat, egg yolk, dark green leafy veggies, dried fruits,
dried beans, and iron fortified cereals/breads
Vitamin C
Improves iron absorption
scoliosis
S-shaped curvature of the spine
Symptoms develop slowly and are not typically painful
-One shoulder higher than the other
, -One scapula more prominent
-Arm to body spaces may be unequal
-One arm may appear longer than the other when bending
forward
Scoliosis
Screening for this should be done before middle school
(performed by observing the back, shoulders, arms, and hip
while the child stands in front the nurse and bends over)
Lead exposure
In children, associated with developmental/ cognitive delay
May also be associated with inattentiveness, distractibility,
hyperactivity, disorganization.
Lead
Higher levels of ______ are also associated with headaches,
abdominal pain, constipation, clumsiness, agitation, and can lead
to stupor and convulsions.
lead poisoning
Treatment includes removing exposure and chelation therapy.
Unfortunately, Tx does not usually reverse any cognitive delay
but does prevent further decline.
Rural-urban continuum
Ranges from living on a remote farm, to a village or small town,
to a larger town or city, to a large metropolitan area. The past
decade has seen a population shift from urban to less populated
regions of the US.
Solutions
Type 1 Diabetes
Autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells leading to
insulin deficiency
Acute onset presenting with polydipsia, polyphagia, and
polyuria commonly with lethargy, weakness, and weight loss
T1DM
there is sometimes a history of recurrent infections, usually
fungal, and acute infection can be the trigger for DKA
Acute Conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva
can be caused by bacteria, virus, allergens, irritants, or toxins
Bacterial conjunctivitis
More likely to begin in one eye and spread to the other eye
within a few days. Commonly called "pinkeye"
Viral, allergic, toxic conjunctivitis
More likely to begin in both eyes simultaneously
Scabies
Cause by a parasite that burrows under the skin and lays eggs
Causes intense itching especially at night. Rach is vesicular or
vesiculopustular with excoriation marks and burrows (lines seen
under the skin)
,-More likely to be in the folds of the skin, soles of the feet,
between fingers and toes
pediculosis capitis
Head lice: louse lies nits near the base of the hair shaft
Nits and adult lice seen in hair
Excoriation marks, vesicles, and pustules from scratching may
be seen in scalp and around the face
iron deficiency anemia
more likely in infancy and adolescence due to growth spurts
can be related to iron deficiency in mother during pregnancy, GI
bleeding (whole milk to young infants), menstrual bleeding,
inadequate dietary intake, or poor absorption.
Iron
Infants rely on stores of ______ developed during prenatal
development until they begin eating
High Iron foods
Liver, red meat, egg yolk, dark green leafy veggies, dried fruits,
dried beans, and iron fortified cereals/breads
Vitamin C
Improves iron absorption
scoliosis
S-shaped curvature of the spine
Symptoms develop slowly and are not typically painful
-One shoulder higher than the other
, -One scapula more prominent
-Arm to body spaces may be unequal
-One arm may appear longer than the other when bending
forward
Scoliosis
Screening for this should be done before middle school
(performed by observing the back, shoulders, arms, and hip
while the child stands in front the nurse and bends over)
Lead exposure
In children, associated with developmental/ cognitive delay
May also be associated with inattentiveness, distractibility,
hyperactivity, disorganization.
Lead
Higher levels of ______ are also associated with headaches,
abdominal pain, constipation, clumsiness, agitation, and can lead
to stupor and convulsions.
lead poisoning
Treatment includes removing exposure and chelation therapy.
Unfortunately, Tx does not usually reverse any cognitive delay
but does prevent further decline.
Rural-urban continuum
Ranges from living on a remote farm, to a village or small town,
to a larger town or city, to a large metropolitan area. The past
decade has seen a population shift from urban to less populated
regions of the US.
