Samenvatting Klinische farmacologie
Inhoudsopgave
Perifeer zenuwstelsel ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Organisatie perifeer zenuwstelsel ....................................................................................................................... 5
Neurohumorale transmissie ................................................................................................................................ 5
Cholinerge transmissie .................................................................................................................................... 5
Noradrenerge transmissie ............................................................................................................................... 8
Pijnsystemen .................................................................................................................................................. 12
Pijn..................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Hyperalgesie en allodonie ............................................................................................................................. 12
Soorten pijn ................................................................................................................................................... 12
Transductie ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
Nociceptoren ................................................................................................................................................. 12
Transmissie ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
Somatotopie .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Modulatie .......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Perceptie............................................................................................................................................................ 16
Placebo analgesie .......................................................................................................................................... 16
Centraal zenuwstelsel..................................................................................................................................... 17
Neurotransmitters ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Amines .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Aminozuren ................................................................................................................................................... 17
Psychotrope farmaca ........................................................................................................................................ 18
Psycholeptica ................................................................................................................................................. 18
Opioïden analgetica ....................................................................................................................................... 24
Types ................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Receptoren ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
Effecten .............................................................................................................................................................. 24
Indicaties ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
Preparaten ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
Volle agonisten .............................................................................................................................................. 25
Partionele agonisten ..................................................................................................................................... 25
Antagonisten ................................................................................................................................................. 26
Werkingsduur ................................................................................................................................................ 26
NSAID’s .......................................................................................................................................................... 27
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................. 27
Werkingsmechanisme ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Effecten .............................................................................................................................................................. 28
Toxiciteit ............................................................................................................................................................ 28
, Farmacokinetiek ................................................................................................................................................ 29
Interacties.......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Preparaten ........................................................................................................................................................ 30
Paracetamol .................................................................................................................................................. 30
Salicylaten ..................................................................................................................................................... 30
Acetylsalicylzuur ............................................................................................................................................ 31
Fenamaten .................................................................................................................................................... 31
Propionzuurderivaten ................................................................................................................................... 31
Pyrazolonederivaten ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Oxicams ......................................................................................................................................................... 32
Coxibs ............................................................................................................................................................ 32
Prostaglandine receptor antagonisten .......................................................................................................... 33
Monoconale antistoffen ................................................................................................................................ 33
Cardiovasculair ............................................................................................................................................... 34
Fysiologie........................................................................................................................................................... 34
Hartinsufficiëntie ............................................................................................................................................... 34
Pimobendan .................................................................................................................................................. 35
RAAS .................................................................................................................................................................. 35
ACE-inhibitor ................................................................................................................................................. 35
Sartanen ........................................................................................................................................................ 36
Anti-hypertensieve geneesmiddelen ............................................................................................................ 36
Ca2+-antagonisten ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Ca2+ entry blokkers ........................................................................................................................................ 37
Andere preparaten ........................................................................................................................................ 37
Anti-aritmica ..................................................................................................................................................... 37
Antimicrobiële middelen ................................................................................................................................ 38
Indeling antimicrobiële middelen ...................................................................................................................... 38
Antimicrobieel met voornamelijk Gram+ spectrum ........................................................................................... 39
Penicillines ..................................................................................................................................................... 39
Cefalosporines ............................................................................................................................................... 41
𝛽-lactamase inhibitoren ................................................................................................................................ 41
Macroliden .................................................................................................................................................... 41
Lincosamiden ................................................................................................................................................ 44
Pleuromutilins ............................................................................................................................................... 44
Rifamycines ................................................................................................................................................... 45
Bacitracine ..................................................................................................................................................... 45
Antimicrobiële middelen met voornamelijk Gram-negatief spectrum .............................................................. 45
Aminoglycosiden ........................................................................................................................................... 45
Aminocyclitols ............................................................................................................................................... 47
Polymyxine .................................................................................................................................................... 47
Antimicrobiële middelen met breedspectrumactiviteit ..................................................................................... 48
Fenicolen ....................................................................................................................................................... 48
Tetracyclines .................................................................................................................................................. 49
Sulfonamiden ................................................................................................................................................ 51
Diaminopyrimidines ...................................................................................................................................... 52
Nitrofuranen .................................................................................................................................................. 52
Fluoroquinolonen .......................................................................................................................................... 53
Online modules .............................................................................................................................................. 55
,Anti-epileptica ................................................................................................................................................... 55
Fysiologie....................................................................................................................................................... 55
Farmaca ......................................................................................................................................................... 55
Lokale anesthetica ............................................................................................................................................. 58
Na+-kanalen ................................................................................................................................................... 58
Hydrofobe en hydrofiele pathway ................................................................................................................. 58
Type axonen .................................................................................................................................................. 58
Esters vs amides ............................................................................................................................................ 58
Preparaten ..................................................................................................................................................... 58
pKa ................................................................................................................................................................ 59
pH-inflammatie ............................................................................................................................................. 59
Toevoegingsmiddelen.................................................................................................................................... 59
Toxiciteit ........................................................................................................................................................ 59
Toediening ..................................................................................................................................................... 59
Preparaten ..................................................................................................................................................... 60
Initiatie van werking ...................................................................................................................................... 60
Inhalatie anesthetica ......................................................................................................................................... 61
Toediening ..................................................................................................................................................... 61
Anesthesie – lipofiliteit – MAC ...................................................................................................................... 61
Partitie coëfficiënten ..................................................................................................................................... 61
Farmacokinetiek ............................................................................................................................................ 62
Efficaciteit ...................................................................................................................................................... 62
Preparaten ..................................................................................................................................................... 62
Corticosteroïden ................................................................................................................................................ 63
Mineralocorticoïden ...................................................................................................................................... 63
Glucocorticoïden ........................................................................................................................................... 64
Feliene arteriële thromboembolie (FATE) .......................................................................................................... 67
Aspirine ......................................................................................................................................................... 67
Clopidogrel .................................................................................................................................................... 67
Hemostatica .................................................................................................................................................. 67
Antithrombotica ............................................................................................................................................ 68
Anticoagulantia ............................................................................................................................................. 68
Renale geneesmiddelen – Diuretica en anti-diuretica ....................................................................................... 70
Diuretica ........................................................................................................................................................ 70
Anti-diuretica ................................................................................................................................................. 72
Gastro-intestinaal .............................................................................................................................................. 74
Emesis ........................................................................................................................................................... 74
Gastro-prokinetica ......................................................................................................................................... 75
Antidiarreïca .................................................................................................................................................. 75
Ulcera ............................................................................................................................................................ 75
Antimycotica...................................................................................................................................................... 78
Mycosen ........................................................................................................................................................ 78
Amfotericine B............................................................................................................................................... 78
Azole derivaten.............................................................................................................................................. 78
Terbinafine .................................................................................................................................................... 79
Flucytosine .................................................................................................................................................... 79
Topicale antimycotica .................................................................................................................................... 79
Nematociden ..................................................................................................................................................... 80
Nicotine agonisten ........................................................................................................................................ 80
Benzimidazoles en pro-benzimidazoles ........................................................................................................ 80
Macrocyclische lactonen ............................................................................................................................... 81
Emodepside ................................................................................................................................................... 83
Monepantel ................................................................................................................................................... 83
, Derquantel .................................................................................................................................................... 83
Anti-ectoparasitica ............................................................................................................................................ 85
Toedieningsvormen ....................................................................................................................................... 85
Diersoort ....................................................................................................................................................... 85
Combinatietherapie ...................................................................................................................................... 85
Adulticiden .................................................................................................................................................... 85
Insect growth regulators ............................................................................................................................... 87
Resistentie tegen anti-ectoparasitica ............................................................................................................ 88
Immunomodulatoire geneesmiddelen .............................................................................................................. 89
Caniene atopische dermatitis ........................................................................................................................ 89
Farmaca ......................................................................................................................................................... 89
Feliene atopie ................................................................................................................................................ 90
Inhoudsopgave
Perifeer zenuwstelsel ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Organisatie perifeer zenuwstelsel ....................................................................................................................... 5
Neurohumorale transmissie ................................................................................................................................ 5
Cholinerge transmissie .................................................................................................................................... 5
Noradrenerge transmissie ............................................................................................................................... 8
Pijnsystemen .................................................................................................................................................. 12
Pijn..................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Hyperalgesie en allodonie ............................................................................................................................. 12
Soorten pijn ................................................................................................................................................... 12
Transductie ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
Nociceptoren ................................................................................................................................................. 12
Transmissie ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
Somatotopie .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Modulatie .......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Perceptie............................................................................................................................................................ 16
Placebo analgesie .......................................................................................................................................... 16
Centraal zenuwstelsel..................................................................................................................................... 17
Neurotransmitters ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Amines .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Aminozuren ................................................................................................................................................... 17
Psychotrope farmaca ........................................................................................................................................ 18
Psycholeptica ................................................................................................................................................. 18
Opioïden analgetica ....................................................................................................................................... 24
Types ................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Receptoren ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
Effecten .............................................................................................................................................................. 24
Indicaties ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
Preparaten ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
Volle agonisten .............................................................................................................................................. 25
Partionele agonisten ..................................................................................................................................... 25
Antagonisten ................................................................................................................................................. 26
Werkingsduur ................................................................................................................................................ 26
NSAID’s .......................................................................................................................................................... 27
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................. 27
Werkingsmechanisme ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Effecten .............................................................................................................................................................. 28
Toxiciteit ............................................................................................................................................................ 28
, Farmacokinetiek ................................................................................................................................................ 29
Interacties.......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Preparaten ........................................................................................................................................................ 30
Paracetamol .................................................................................................................................................. 30
Salicylaten ..................................................................................................................................................... 30
Acetylsalicylzuur ............................................................................................................................................ 31
Fenamaten .................................................................................................................................................... 31
Propionzuurderivaten ................................................................................................................................... 31
Pyrazolonederivaten ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Oxicams ......................................................................................................................................................... 32
Coxibs ............................................................................................................................................................ 32
Prostaglandine receptor antagonisten .......................................................................................................... 33
Monoconale antistoffen ................................................................................................................................ 33
Cardiovasculair ............................................................................................................................................... 34
Fysiologie........................................................................................................................................................... 34
Hartinsufficiëntie ............................................................................................................................................... 34
Pimobendan .................................................................................................................................................. 35
RAAS .................................................................................................................................................................. 35
ACE-inhibitor ................................................................................................................................................. 35
Sartanen ........................................................................................................................................................ 36
Anti-hypertensieve geneesmiddelen ............................................................................................................ 36
Ca2+-antagonisten ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Ca2+ entry blokkers ........................................................................................................................................ 37
Andere preparaten ........................................................................................................................................ 37
Anti-aritmica ..................................................................................................................................................... 37
Antimicrobiële middelen ................................................................................................................................ 38
Indeling antimicrobiële middelen ...................................................................................................................... 38
Antimicrobieel met voornamelijk Gram+ spectrum ........................................................................................... 39
Penicillines ..................................................................................................................................................... 39
Cefalosporines ............................................................................................................................................... 41
𝛽-lactamase inhibitoren ................................................................................................................................ 41
Macroliden .................................................................................................................................................... 41
Lincosamiden ................................................................................................................................................ 44
Pleuromutilins ............................................................................................................................................... 44
Rifamycines ................................................................................................................................................... 45
Bacitracine ..................................................................................................................................................... 45
Antimicrobiële middelen met voornamelijk Gram-negatief spectrum .............................................................. 45
Aminoglycosiden ........................................................................................................................................... 45
Aminocyclitols ............................................................................................................................................... 47
Polymyxine .................................................................................................................................................... 47
Antimicrobiële middelen met breedspectrumactiviteit ..................................................................................... 48
Fenicolen ....................................................................................................................................................... 48
Tetracyclines .................................................................................................................................................. 49
Sulfonamiden ................................................................................................................................................ 51
Diaminopyrimidines ...................................................................................................................................... 52
Nitrofuranen .................................................................................................................................................. 52
Fluoroquinolonen .......................................................................................................................................... 53
Online modules .............................................................................................................................................. 55
,Anti-epileptica ................................................................................................................................................... 55
Fysiologie....................................................................................................................................................... 55
Farmaca ......................................................................................................................................................... 55
Lokale anesthetica ............................................................................................................................................. 58
Na+-kanalen ................................................................................................................................................... 58
Hydrofobe en hydrofiele pathway ................................................................................................................. 58
Type axonen .................................................................................................................................................. 58
Esters vs amides ............................................................................................................................................ 58
Preparaten ..................................................................................................................................................... 58
pKa ................................................................................................................................................................ 59
pH-inflammatie ............................................................................................................................................. 59
Toevoegingsmiddelen.................................................................................................................................... 59
Toxiciteit ........................................................................................................................................................ 59
Toediening ..................................................................................................................................................... 59
Preparaten ..................................................................................................................................................... 60
Initiatie van werking ...................................................................................................................................... 60
Inhalatie anesthetica ......................................................................................................................................... 61
Toediening ..................................................................................................................................................... 61
Anesthesie – lipofiliteit – MAC ...................................................................................................................... 61
Partitie coëfficiënten ..................................................................................................................................... 61
Farmacokinetiek ............................................................................................................................................ 62
Efficaciteit ...................................................................................................................................................... 62
Preparaten ..................................................................................................................................................... 62
Corticosteroïden ................................................................................................................................................ 63
Mineralocorticoïden ...................................................................................................................................... 63
Glucocorticoïden ........................................................................................................................................... 64
Feliene arteriële thromboembolie (FATE) .......................................................................................................... 67
Aspirine ......................................................................................................................................................... 67
Clopidogrel .................................................................................................................................................... 67
Hemostatica .................................................................................................................................................. 67
Antithrombotica ............................................................................................................................................ 68
Anticoagulantia ............................................................................................................................................. 68
Renale geneesmiddelen – Diuretica en anti-diuretica ....................................................................................... 70
Diuretica ........................................................................................................................................................ 70
Anti-diuretica ................................................................................................................................................. 72
Gastro-intestinaal .............................................................................................................................................. 74
Emesis ........................................................................................................................................................... 74
Gastro-prokinetica ......................................................................................................................................... 75
Antidiarreïca .................................................................................................................................................. 75
Ulcera ............................................................................................................................................................ 75
Antimycotica...................................................................................................................................................... 78
Mycosen ........................................................................................................................................................ 78
Amfotericine B............................................................................................................................................... 78
Azole derivaten.............................................................................................................................................. 78
Terbinafine .................................................................................................................................................... 79
Flucytosine .................................................................................................................................................... 79
Topicale antimycotica .................................................................................................................................... 79
Nematociden ..................................................................................................................................................... 80
Nicotine agonisten ........................................................................................................................................ 80
Benzimidazoles en pro-benzimidazoles ........................................................................................................ 80
Macrocyclische lactonen ............................................................................................................................... 81
Emodepside ................................................................................................................................................... 83
Monepantel ................................................................................................................................................... 83
, Derquantel .................................................................................................................................................... 83
Anti-ectoparasitica ............................................................................................................................................ 85
Toedieningsvormen ....................................................................................................................................... 85
Diersoort ....................................................................................................................................................... 85
Combinatietherapie ...................................................................................................................................... 85
Adulticiden .................................................................................................................................................... 85
Insect growth regulators ............................................................................................................................... 87
Resistentie tegen anti-ectoparasitica ............................................................................................................ 88
Immunomodulatoire geneesmiddelen .............................................................................................................. 89
Caniene atopische dermatitis ........................................................................................................................ 89
Farmaca ......................................................................................................................................................... 89
Feliene atopie ................................................................................................................................................ 90
