lOMoAR cPSD| 26582732
Lom oarc ps d| 26582732
CHAPTER 13 - Summary Maternity And
Pediatric Nursing
Concepts Of Maternal-Child Nursing And Families (Nova Southeastern University)
CH 13 - Labor And Birth Process
Factors Influencing The Onset Of Labor
• Uterine Stretch
• Progesterone Withdrawal
• Increased Oxytocin Sensitivity
• Increased Release Of Prostaglandins
Premonitory Signs Of Labor
• Cervical Changes (Cervical Softening, Possible Cervical Dilation)
• Lightening: When The Fetal Presenting Parts Begin To Descend Into The
True Pelvis ▪ Breathing Becomes Easier, Decrease Gastric Reflux
▪ Increase Pelvic Pressure, Leg Cramping, Dependent Edema, Low Back
Pain
▪ Primiparas May Feel It Two Weeks In Advance
• Increased Energy Level (Nesting) – There Is An Increase In Energy
24-48 Hrs. Before D/T Increase Epinephrine
– Women Begin To Prepare For Labor
• Bloody Show
• Braxton Hicks Contractions
▪ Not True Contractions Until Cervical Dilation Occurs
▪ BHC Last About 30 Seconds
▪ If Last More Than 30 Seconds And More Than 4-6 /Hr. → Contact
HCP, Especially If < 37 Weeks →Possible Premature Labor
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, lOMoAR cPSD| 26582732
2
OB EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
SUSSETH. ALCOVER
• Spontaneous Rupture Of Membranes
▪ Increase Risk For Infection
▪ Risk For Cord Prolapse If Engagement Has Not Occurred
True Versus False Labor
• Contraction Timing
• Contraction Strength
• Contraction Discomfort
• Change In Contraction Activity
• Stay Home Or Go To The Hospital?
Critical Factors Affecting Labor And Birth (“Five Ps”)
• Passageway (Birth Canal: Pelvis And Soft Tissues)
• Passenger (Fetus And Placenta)
• Powers (Contractions)
• Position (Position Of The Fetus In Relation To The Maternal)
• Psychological Response
Five Additional Factors Affecting The Labor Process
• Philosophy (Low Tech, High Touch)
• Partners (Support Caregivers)
• Patience (Natural Timing)
• Patient Preparation (Childbirth Knowledge Base)
▪ Learning About Labor And Birth Allows Women And Couples To Express
Their Needs And Preferences, Enhance Their Confidence And Improve
Communication Between Themselves And The Staff
• Pain Control (Comfort Measures)
▪ Pain During Labor Is A Universal Experience
▪ The Goal Is To Control The Discomforts W/O Harming The
Fetus Or Labor Process
Downloaded by NELSON KIIRU ()
Lom oarc ps d| 26582732
CHAPTER 13 - Summary Maternity And
Pediatric Nursing
Concepts Of Maternal-Child Nursing And Families (Nova Southeastern University)
CH 13 - Labor And Birth Process
Factors Influencing The Onset Of Labor
• Uterine Stretch
• Progesterone Withdrawal
• Increased Oxytocin Sensitivity
• Increased Release Of Prostaglandins
Premonitory Signs Of Labor
• Cervical Changes (Cervical Softening, Possible Cervical Dilation)
• Lightening: When The Fetal Presenting Parts Begin To Descend Into The
True Pelvis ▪ Breathing Becomes Easier, Decrease Gastric Reflux
▪ Increase Pelvic Pressure, Leg Cramping, Dependent Edema, Low Back
Pain
▪ Primiparas May Feel It Two Weeks In Advance
• Increased Energy Level (Nesting) – There Is An Increase In Energy
24-48 Hrs. Before D/T Increase Epinephrine
– Women Begin To Prepare For Labor
• Bloody Show
• Braxton Hicks Contractions
▪ Not True Contractions Until Cervical Dilation Occurs
▪ BHC Last About 30 Seconds
▪ If Last More Than 30 Seconds And More Than 4-6 /Hr. → Contact
HCP, Especially If < 37 Weeks →Possible Premature Labor
Downloaded by NELSON KIIRU
()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 26582732
2
OB EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
SUSSETH. ALCOVER
• Spontaneous Rupture Of Membranes
▪ Increase Risk For Infection
▪ Risk For Cord Prolapse If Engagement Has Not Occurred
True Versus False Labor
• Contraction Timing
• Contraction Strength
• Contraction Discomfort
• Change In Contraction Activity
• Stay Home Or Go To The Hospital?
Critical Factors Affecting Labor And Birth (“Five Ps”)
• Passageway (Birth Canal: Pelvis And Soft Tissues)
• Passenger (Fetus And Placenta)
• Powers (Contractions)
• Position (Position Of The Fetus In Relation To The Maternal)
• Psychological Response
Five Additional Factors Affecting The Labor Process
• Philosophy (Low Tech, High Touch)
• Partners (Support Caregivers)
• Patience (Natural Timing)
• Patient Preparation (Childbirth Knowledge Base)
▪ Learning About Labor And Birth Allows Women And Couples To Express
Their Needs And Preferences, Enhance Their Confidence And Improve
Communication Between Themselves And The Staff
• Pain Control (Comfort Measures)
▪ Pain During Labor Is A Universal Experience
▪ The Goal Is To Control The Discomforts W/O Harming The
Fetus Or Labor Process
Downloaded by NELSON KIIRU ()
