Semmelweis Entrance Exam Chemistry and Biology Questions and Answers Best rated A+ Guaranteed Success Latest Update

Primary structure The sequence of amino acids in a protein chain. Secondary structure Folding of the polypeptide chain into alpha-helices or betapleated sheets. Tertiary structure The overall 3D shape of the protein. Quaternary structure The arrangement of multiple protein subunits. Allostery The regulation of a protein's function through binding at a site other than the active site. Polysaccharides Long chains of sugar molecules (e.g., starch, cellulose). Chemically modified carbohydrates Sugars with added functional groups (e.g., sugar alcohols). Glycoproteins Proteins with carbohydrate groups attached. Proteoglycans Proteins heavily glycosylated with long sugar chains, involved in cell signaling. Triglycerides Fats made of three fatty acids and glycerol, used for energy storage. Phosphoglycerolipids Lipids with a phosphate group, crucial in cell membranes. 8/8/25, 8:07 AM Semmelweis Entrance Exam Chemistry and Biology Flashcards | Quizlet Stores genetic information. RNA Translates genetic info into proteins (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA). Chromosomes DNA structures that contain genes. Genes Units of inheritance. Alleles Different forms of a gene. Genetic code Rules for translating DNA into proteins. Vitamins Classification: Water-soluble (e.g., Vitamin C) and fatsoluble (e.g., Vitamin A). Active derivatives Converted forms of vitamins that perform biological functions. Reversible inhibition Inhibitors that can bind and unbind from enzymes. Allosteric regulation Enzyme activity is regulated by binding at a site other than the active site. Covalent modifications Enzyme activity is altered through chemical changes (e.g., phosphorylation). Semiconservative replication Each new DNA molecule has one old and one new strand. DNA polymerases Enzymes that replicate DNA. DNA repair Mechanisms to correct errors during replication. Promoter DNA sequence that signals the start of transcription. RNA polymerases Enzymes that synthesize RNA from DNA. Regulation Controls when and how genes are transcribed. 8/8/25, 8:07 AM Semmelweis Entrance Exam Chemistry and Biology Flashcards | Quizlet Modification of mRNA before it exits the nucleus (splicing, adding caps/tails). Translation Protein synthesis in ribosomes using mRNA. Aerobic metabolism Glucose breakdown with oxygen (produces more energy). Anaerobic metabolism Glucose breakdown without oxygen (produces less energy, leads to lactate).