Pathophysiology - Test 1 (Questions)
Examination and All Correct Answers
(2025) Updated
The study of the physiologic (functional) changes as a result of a disease process is:
a.Pathophysiology
b.Pathology
c.Epidemiology
d.Etiology - Answer A
The maintaining of a relatively stable internal environment by the body is called:
a.Physiology
b.Osmotic balance
c.Immunity
d.Homeostasis - Answer D
The term used to refer to a disease of unknown cause or spontaneous origin is:
a.Iatrogenic
b.Insidious
c.Phantom
d.Idiopathic - Answer D
_______________________ indicate(s) a high risk for the development of a certain
disease or condition but not the certain development of the disease.
a.Diagnostics
b.Predisposing factors
c.Precipitating factors
d.Prevalence - Answer B
Prevention of a disease is linked to both the _______________________________ for
a specific disease.
a.diagnosis and epidemiology
b.pathogenesis and etiology
c.etiology and predisposing factors
d.pathology and therapy - Answer C
A disease that may start out rather mild, developing gradually but persisting for a long
time, usually causing significant permanent tissue damage, is referred to as:
a.Chronic
b.Latent
c.Acute
d.Subclinical - Answer A.
The potential unwanted, usually damaging outcomes of a primary condition or disease,
such as paralysis following recovery from a stroke, are referred to as:
a.Symptoms
b.Exacerbations
c.Sequelae
d.Latent factors - Answer C
,The term used to refer to undifferentiated cells that have variable nuclei and cell
structures and is the basis for grading a tumor is:
a.Metaplasia
b.Anaplasia
c.Dysplasia
d.Hyperplasia - Answer B
An area of dead cells resulting from a lack of oxygen, where the function of the tissue or
organ may be lost, is called a(n):
a.Necrosis
b.Neoplasm
c.Gangrene
d.Infarction - Answer D
The term used to describe the death of a group of cells, regardless of the cause of the
damage, is:
a.Necrosis
b.Gangrene
c.Ischemia
d.Lesion - Answer A
A factor that can trigger an acute episode of a condition or disease is referred to as a(n):
a.Contributing factor
b.Predisposing factor
c.Precipitating factor
d.Exacerbating factor - Answer C
The period of time between the exposure to a microorganism and the onset of signs and
symptoms is called the:
a.Prodromal period
b.Remission period
c.Chronic period
d.Incubation period - Answer D
The number of new cases of a disease in a given population noted within a stated time
period indicates the __________________ of a disease.
a.prevalence
b.communicability
c.incidence
d.manifestations - Answer C
A condition in the tissue where there is a reduced level of oxygen is called:
a.Hypoxia
b.Anaerobic
c.Necrosis
d.Ischemia - Answer A
Signs are manifestations of a disease or condition that are:
a.subjective feelings such as pain
b.objective indicators such as fever
c.clinically verifiable indicators only diagnosed by a physician
d.subjective preliminary indicators identified by the patient only - Answer B
A collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more than one organ is refered to as
a (n):
,a.epidemic
b.incidence
c.endemic
d.plaque - Answer A
The test measures the severity of anemia or polycythemia and measures the response
to related treatment.
a.eukocytes
b.hemoglobin
c.hematocrit
d.clotting time - Answer B
This test is used to evaluate anemia, erythrocyte volume and dehydration.
a.leukocytes
b.hemoglobin
c.blood clotting
d.hemtocrit - Answer D
This is the most abundant blood protein. It keeps fluid from leaking out of blood vessels,
nourishes tissues and is used to transport molecules throughout the body. Since it is
made in the liver, concentration drops when the liver is damaged or this is inflammation
or shock in the body. This value is increased in dehydration.
a.albumin
b.fibrinogen
c.calcium
d.sodium - Answer A
When this tes is high jaundice may occur and further testing is needed to determine the
cause. A high result may mean that too much is being produced because of hemolysis
or that the liver is incapable of adequately removing bilirubin in a timely manner
because of liver disease.
a.hemoglobin
b.bilirubin
c.sodium
d.albumin - Answer B
This test is primarily used along with creatinine to evaluate kidney function. It represents
the end product of protein catabolism.
a.creatinine
b.BUN (urea)
c.phosphate
d.bilirubin - Answer B
This test can detect hyper or a hypo result. It can be helpful in diagnosing diabetes and
can be ordered randomly or fasting.
a.creatinine
b.BUN
c.blood glucose
d.hemoglobin - Answer C
Blood levels of this rise when muscle or heart cells are injured. It may be ordered when
there is evidence of chest pain or suspicion of having a heart attack. In the first 4 - 6
hours after a heart attack, the concentration of this blood begins to rise. It reaches its
highest level in 18 - 24 hours and returns to normal within 2 - 3 days. This test would
rise if skeletal muscles are damaged.
, a.LDH
b.troponins
c.SGOT
d.CPK - Answer A
This test is primarily ordered for people who have chest pain and to assess if a heart
attack or other damage to the heart has occurred.
a.troponins
b.SGOT
c.CPK
d.LDH - Answer A
This blood test is used to diagnose disorders of the pancreas. The near immediate rise
of this test at the beginning of a pancreatitis attack, and it falls after about 2 days, helps
to pinpoint this diagnosis.
a.amylase
b.troponin
c.SGOT
d.LDH - Answer A
Two thirds of the water in humans is contained in this fluid compartment:
a.Intracellular
b.Extracellular
c.Intercellular
d.Acellular - Answer A
Located in the hypothalamus of the brain, these sensor cells are essential in
maintaining the fluid balance of the body:
a.Chemoreceptors
b.Hydroreceptors
c.Osmoreceptors
d.Isoreceptors - Answer C
An excess or very high volume of blood in the body is referred to as:
a.Hypovolemia
b.Anemia
c.Hypervolemia
d.Isovolemia - Answer C
The four general causes of edema are increased capillary pressure, chronic obstruction
of lymph vessels, and:
a.High salt concentration in serum and dilation of arteries
b.Loss of plasma proteins and increased capillary permeability .
c.Decreased venous pressure and increased heart rate
d.Infection and antibiotic abuse - Answer B
Typical causes of dehydration include vomiting, excessive sweating, use of
concentrated supplements, and:
a.Diabetic ketoacidosis
b.Aplastic anemia
c.Glomerulitis
d.Cirrhosis of the liver - Answer A
Low sodium levels that may be caused by excessive sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea is a
condition referred to as:
Examination and All Correct Answers
(2025) Updated
The study of the physiologic (functional) changes as a result of a disease process is:
a.Pathophysiology
b.Pathology
c.Epidemiology
d.Etiology - Answer A
The maintaining of a relatively stable internal environment by the body is called:
a.Physiology
b.Osmotic balance
c.Immunity
d.Homeostasis - Answer D
The term used to refer to a disease of unknown cause or spontaneous origin is:
a.Iatrogenic
b.Insidious
c.Phantom
d.Idiopathic - Answer D
_______________________ indicate(s) a high risk for the development of a certain
disease or condition but not the certain development of the disease.
a.Diagnostics
b.Predisposing factors
c.Precipitating factors
d.Prevalence - Answer B
Prevention of a disease is linked to both the _______________________________ for
a specific disease.
a.diagnosis and epidemiology
b.pathogenesis and etiology
c.etiology and predisposing factors
d.pathology and therapy - Answer C
A disease that may start out rather mild, developing gradually but persisting for a long
time, usually causing significant permanent tissue damage, is referred to as:
a.Chronic
b.Latent
c.Acute
d.Subclinical - Answer A.
The potential unwanted, usually damaging outcomes of a primary condition or disease,
such as paralysis following recovery from a stroke, are referred to as:
a.Symptoms
b.Exacerbations
c.Sequelae
d.Latent factors - Answer C
,The term used to refer to undifferentiated cells that have variable nuclei and cell
structures and is the basis for grading a tumor is:
a.Metaplasia
b.Anaplasia
c.Dysplasia
d.Hyperplasia - Answer B
An area of dead cells resulting from a lack of oxygen, where the function of the tissue or
organ may be lost, is called a(n):
a.Necrosis
b.Neoplasm
c.Gangrene
d.Infarction - Answer D
The term used to describe the death of a group of cells, regardless of the cause of the
damage, is:
a.Necrosis
b.Gangrene
c.Ischemia
d.Lesion - Answer A
A factor that can trigger an acute episode of a condition or disease is referred to as a(n):
a.Contributing factor
b.Predisposing factor
c.Precipitating factor
d.Exacerbating factor - Answer C
The period of time between the exposure to a microorganism and the onset of signs and
symptoms is called the:
a.Prodromal period
b.Remission period
c.Chronic period
d.Incubation period - Answer D
The number of new cases of a disease in a given population noted within a stated time
period indicates the __________________ of a disease.
a.prevalence
b.communicability
c.incidence
d.manifestations - Answer C
A condition in the tissue where there is a reduced level of oxygen is called:
a.Hypoxia
b.Anaerobic
c.Necrosis
d.Ischemia - Answer A
Signs are manifestations of a disease or condition that are:
a.subjective feelings such as pain
b.objective indicators such as fever
c.clinically verifiable indicators only diagnosed by a physician
d.subjective preliminary indicators identified by the patient only - Answer B
A collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more than one organ is refered to as
a (n):
,a.epidemic
b.incidence
c.endemic
d.plaque - Answer A
The test measures the severity of anemia or polycythemia and measures the response
to related treatment.
a.eukocytes
b.hemoglobin
c.hematocrit
d.clotting time - Answer B
This test is used to evaluate anemia, erythrocyte volume and dehydration.
a.leukocytes
b.hemoglobin
c.blood clotting
d.hemtocrit - Answer D
This is the most abundant blood protein. It keeps fluid from leaking out of blood vessels,
nourishes tissues and is used to transport molecules throughout the body. Since it is
made in the liver, concentration drops when the liver is damaged or this is inflammation
or shock in the body. This value is increased in dehydration.
a.albumin
b.fibrinogen
c.calcium
d.sodium - Answer A
When this tes is high jaundice may occur and further testing is needed to determine the
cause. A high result may mean that too much is being produced because of hemolysis
or that the liver is incapable of adequately removing bilirubin in a timely manner
because of liver disease.
a.hemoglobin
b.bilirubin
c.sodium
d.albumin - Answer B
This test is primarily used along with creatinine to evaluate kidney function. It represents
the end product of protein catabolism.
a.creatinine
b.BUN (urea)
c.phosphate
d.bilirubin - Answer B
This test can detect hyper or a hypo result. It can be helpful in diagnosing diabetes and
can be ordered randomly or fasting.
a.creatinine
b.BUN
c.blood glucose
d.hemoglobin - Answer C
Blood levels of this rise when muscle or heart cells are injured. It may be ordered when
there is evidence of chest pain or suspicion of having a heart attack. In the first 4 - 6
hours after a heart attack, the concentration of this blood begins to rise. It reaches its
highest level in 18 - 24 hours and returns to normal within 2 - 3 days. This test would
rise if skeletal muscles are damaged.
, a.LDH
b.troponins
c.SGOT
d.CPK - Answer A
This test is primarily ordered for people who have chest pain and to assess if a heart
attack or other damage to the heart has occurred.
a.troponins
b.SGOT
c.CPK
d.LDH - Answer A
This blood test is used to diagnose disorders of the pancreas. The near immediate rise
of this test at the beginning of a pancreatitis attack, and it falls after about 2 days, helps
to pinpoint this diagnosis.
a.amylase
b.troponin
c.SGOT
d.LDH - Answer A
Two thirds of the water in humans is contained in this fluid compartment:
a.Intracellular
b.Extracellular
c.Intercellular
d.Acellular - Answer A
Located in the hypothalamus of the brain, these sensor cells are essential in
maintaining the fluid balance of the body:
a.Chemoreceptors
b.Hydroreceptors
c.Osmoreceptors
d.Isoreceptors - Answer C
An excess or very high volume of blood in the body is referred to as:
a.Hypovolemia
b.Anemia
c.Hypervolemia
d.Isovolemia - Answer C
The four general causes of edema are increased capillary pressure, chronic obstruction
of lymph vessels, and:
a.High salt concentration in serum and dilation of arteries
b.Loss of plasma proteins and increased capillary permeability .
c.Decreased venous pressure and increased heart rate
d.Infection and antibiotic abuse - Answer B
Typical causes of dehydration include vomiting, excessive sweating, use of
concentrated supplements, and:
a.Diabetic ketoacidosis
b.Aplastic anemia
c.Glomerulitis
d.Cirrhosis of the liver - Answer A
Low sodium levels that may be caused by excessive sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea is a
condition referred to as:
