wireless communications and networks
Solution
Manual And
Notes For
Wireless
Communica
tions And
Networks
,wireless communications and networks
3 -/ - /- 3
(To provide the students with the fundamental treatment about many
practical and theoretical concepts that forms basic of wireless
communication to equip the students with various kinds of wireless
networks and its operations.
1. To prepare the students to understand the concept of frequency reuse and be able to apply it
in the design of mobile cellular system
2. To prepare the students to understand various modulation schemes and multiple access
techniques that are used in wireless communications
3. To provide an analytical perspective on the design and analysis the traditional and emerging
wireless networks and to discuss the nature of and solution methods to the fundamental
problems in the wireless networking
4. To train the students to understand the architecture and operation of various wireless wan
such as gsm, is-95, gprs and sms
5. To train students to understand wireless lan architectures and operations
6. To prepare students to understand the emerging technique ofdm and its importance in the
wireless communications
Unit -i
Introduction to wireless communication systems: evolution of mobile radio communications, examples
of wireless communication systems-paging systems, cordless telephone systems, cellular telephone
systems, comparison of common wireless communication systems, trends in cellular radio and
personal communications. Modern wireless communication systems: second generation (2g) cellular
networks, third generation (3g) wireless networks, wireless local loop (wll) and lmds, wireless local area
networks (wlans), bluetooth and personal area networks (pans).
Unit –ii:
Mobile radio propagation: large-scale path loss: introduction to radio wave propagation, free space
propagation model, relating power to electric field, the three basic propagation mechanisms,
reflection-reflection from dielectrics, brewster angle, reflection from prefect conductors, ground
reflection (two-ray) model, diffraction-fresnel zone geo metry, knife- edge diffraction model, multiple
knife-edge diffraction, scattering, outdoor propagation models -longley ryce model, okumura model,
hata model, pcs extension to hata model, walfisch and bertoni model, wideband pcs microcell model,
indoor propagation models- partition losses (same floor), partition losses between floors, log -distance
path loss model, ericsson multiple breakpoint model, attenuation factor model, signal penetration into
buildings, ray tracing and site specific modeling.
Unit –iii:
Mobile radio propagation: small –scale fading and multipath small scale multipath propagation-factors
influencing small scale fading, doppler shift, impulse response model of a multipath channel-
relationship between bandwidth and received power, small-scale multipath measurements-direct rf
pulse system, spread spectrum sliding correlator channel sounding, frequency domain channels
sounding, parameters of mobile multipath
malla reddy college of engineering and technology (autonomous) 183
,wireless communications and networks
B.tech – (ece) r - 18
Channels-time dispersion parameters, coherence bandwidth, doppler spread and coherence time,
types of small-scale fading-fading effects due to multipath time delay spread, flat fading, frequency
selective fading, fading effects due to doppler spread-fast fading, slow fading, statistical models for
multipath fading channels-clarke‗s model for flat fading, spectral shape due to doppler spread in
clarke‗s model, simulation of clarke and gans fading model, level crossing and fading statistics, two-ray
rayleigh fading model.
Unit –iv
Wi-fi and the ieee 802.11 wireless lan standard: ieee 802 architecture, ieee 802.11
Architecture and services, 802.11medium access control, 802.11 physical layer, other ieee
802.11 standards, wi-fi protected access. Bluetooth and ieee 802.15: overview, radio specification,
baseband specification, link manager specification, logical link control and adaptation protocol, ieee
802.15.
Unit -v
Mobile data networks: introduction, data oriented cdpd network, gprs and higher data rates, short
messaging service in gsm, mobile application protocols. Wireless atm & hiper lan: introduction, wireless
atm, hiperlan, hiperlan-2.
Text books:
1. Theodore s. Rappaport (2002), wireless communications -principles practice,2nd edition, prentice
hall of india, new delhi.
2. William stallings (2009), wireless communications and networks,2nd edition, pearson education,
india.
3. Kaveh pahlaven, prashanth krishna murthy (2007), principles of wireless networks -a unified
approach, pearson education, india.
Reference books:
1. Dr. Kamilo feher (2003), wireless digital communications, prentice hall of india, newdelhi.
nd
2. Jochen schiller (2009), mobile communications, 2 edition, pearson education,
india.3.andreas f. Molisch (2006), wireless communications, wiley –india, new delhi. Course
outcomes
Upon completion of the course the student will be able to:
1. Understand the principles of wireless communications
2. Understand fundamentals of wireless networking
3. Understand cellular system design concepts
4. Analyze various multiple access schemes using wireless communication
5. Understand wireless wans and their performance analysis
6. Demonstrate wireless lan and their specifications
7. Familiar with some of the existing and emerging wireless standards
8. Understand the concept of ofdm
Malla reddy college of engineering and technology (autonomous) 184
, wireless communications and networks
Unit - 1
Introduction to wireless communication systems
The ability to communicate with people on the move has evolved remarkably since guglielmo marconi
first demonstrated radio‘s ability to provide continuous contact with ships sailing the english channel in
1897. Since then new wireless communications methods and services have been enthusiastically adop ted
by people throughout the world. Particularly during the past ten years, the mobile radio communications
industry has grown by orders of magnitude, fueled by digital and rf circuit fabrication improvements, new
large-scale circuit integration, and other miniaturization technologies which make portable radio
equipment smaller, cheaper, and more reliable. Digital switching techniques have facilitated the large scale
deployment of affordable, easy-to-use radio communication networks.
Evolution of mobile radio communications
The ability to provide wireless communications to an entire population was not even conceived until bell
laboratories developed the cellular concept in the 1960s and 1970s. With the development of highly
reliable, miniature, solid-state radio frequency hardware in the 1970s, the wireless communications era
was born.
The following market penetration data show how wireless communications in the consumer sector has
grown in popularity. Figure 1.1 illustrates how mobile telephony has penetrated our daily lives compared
with other popular inventions of the 20th century. Figure 1.1 shows that the first 35 years of mobile
telephony saw little market penetration due to high cost and the technological challenges involved, but
however, in the past decade, wireless communications has been accepted by consumers at rates
comparable to television and the video cassette recorder.
Figure 1.1. The growth of mobile telephony as compared with other popular inventions of the 20th
century.
By 1934, 194 municipal police radio systems and 58 state police stations had adopted amplitude
modulation (am) mobile communication systems for public safety in the u.s.
In 1935, edwin armstrong demonstrated frequency modulation (fm) for the first time, and since
the late 1930s, fm has been the primary modulation technique used for mobile communication
systems throughout the world.
With the boom in cb radio and cordless appliances such as garage door openers and telephones,
the number of users of mobile and portable radio in 1995 was about 100 million, or 37% of the
u.s. population
The number of worldwide cellular telephone users grew from 25,000 in 1984 to about 25 million
in 1993, and since then subscription-based wireless services have been experiencing customer
growth rates well in excess of 50% per year. At the beginning of the 21st century, over 1% of the
worldwide wireless subscriber population had already abandoned wired telephone service for
home use, and had begun to rely solely on their cellular service provider for telephone access.
Mobile radiotelephony in the u.s.
In 1946, the first public mobile telephone service was introduced in twenty-five major american cities. Each
system used a single, high-powered transmitter and large tower in order to cover distances of over 50 km
in a particular market. During the 1950s and 1960s, at&t bell laboratories and other telecommunications
companies throughout the world developed the theory and techniques of cellular radiotelephony —the
concept of breaking a coverage zone (market) into small cells, each of which reuse portions of the
Solution
Manual And
Notes For
Wireless
Communica
tions And
Networks
,wireless communications and networks
3 -/ - /- 3
(To provide the students with the fundamental treatment about many
practical and theoretical concepts that forms basic of wireless
communication to equip the students with various kinds of wireless
networks and its operations.
1. To prepare the students to understand the concept of frequency reuse and be able to apply it
in the design of mobile cellular system
2. To prepare the students to understand various modulation schemes and multiple access
techniques that are used in wireless communications
3. To provide an analytical perspective on the design and analysis the traditional and emerging
wireless networks and to discuss the nature of and solution methods to the fundamental
problems in the wireless networking
4. To train the students to understand the architecture and operation of various wireless wan
such as gsm, is-95, gprs and sms
5. To train students to understand wireless lan architectures and operations
6. To prepare students to understand the emerging technique ofdm and its importance in the
wireless communications
Unit -i
Introduction to wireless communication systems: evolution of mobile radio communications, examples
of wireless communication systems-paging systems, cordless telephone systems, cellular telephone
systems, comparison of common wireless communication systems, trends in cellular radio and
personal communications. Modern wireless communication systems: second generation (2g) cellular
networks, third generation (3g) wireless networks, wireless local loop (wll) and lmds, wireless local area
networks (wlans), bluetooth and personal area networks (pans).
Unit –ii:
Mobile radio propagation: large-scale path loss: introduction to radio wave propagation, free space
propagation model, relating power to electric field, the three basic propagation mechanisms,
reflection-reflection from dielectrics, brewster angle, reflection from prefect conductors, ground
reflection (two-ray) model, diffraction-fresnel zone geo metry, knife- edge diffraction model, multiple
knife-edge diffraction, scattering, outdoor propagation models -longley ryce model, okumura model,
hata model, pcs extension to hata model, walfisch and bertoni model, wideband pcs microcell model,
indoor propagation models- partition losses (same floor), partition losses between floors, log -distance
path loss model, ericsson multiple breakpoint model, attenuation factor model, signal penetration into
buildings, ray tracing and site specific modeling.
Unit –iii:
Mobile radio propagation: small –scale fading and multipath small scale multipath propagation-factors
influencing small scale fading, doppler shift, impulse response model of a multipath channel-
relationship between bandwidth and received power, small-scale multipath measurements-direct rf
pulse system, spread spectrum sliding correlator channel sounding, frequency domain channels
sounding, parameters of mobile multipath
malla reddy college of engineering and technology (autonomous) 183
,wireless communications and networks
B.tech – (ece) r - 18
Channels-time dispersion parameters, coherence bandwidth, doppler spread and coherence time,
types of small-scale fading-fading effects due to multipath time delay spread, flat fading, frequency
selective fading, fading effects due to doppler spread-fast fading, slow fading, statistical models for
multipath fading channels-clarke‗s model for flat fading, spectral shape due to doppler spread in
clarke‗s model, simulation of clarke and gans fading model, level crossing and fading statistics, two-ray
rayleigh fading model.
Unit –iv
Wi-fi and the ieee 802.11 wireless lan standard: ieee 802 architecture, ieee 802.11
Architecture and services, 802.11medium access control, 802.11 physical layer, other ieee
802.11 standards, wi-fi protected access. Bluetooth and ieee 802.15: overview, radio specification,
baseband specification, link manager specification, logical link control and adaptation protocol, ieee
802.15.
Unit -v
Mobile data networks: introduction, data oriented cdpd network, gprs and higher data rates, short
messaging service in gsm, mobile application protocols. Wireless atm & hiper lan: introduction, wireless
atm, hiperlan, hiperlan-2.
Text books:
1. Theodore s. Rappaport (2002), wireless communications -principles practice,2nd edition, prentice
hall of india, new delhi.
2. William stallings (2009), wireless communications and networks,2nd edition, pearson education,
india.
3. Kaveh pahlaven, prashanth krishna murthy (2007), principles of wireless networks -a unified
approach, pearson education, india.
Reference books:
1. Dr. Kamilo feher (2003), wireless digital communications, prentice hall of india, newdelhi.
nd
2. Jochen schiller (2009), mobile communications, 2 edition, pearson education,
india.3.andreas f. Molisch (2006), wireless communications, wiley –india, new delhi. Course
outcomes
Upon completion of the course the student will be able to:
1. Understand the principles of wireless communications
2. Understand fundamentals of wireless networking
3. Understand cellular system design concepts
4. Analyze various multiple access schemes using wireless communication
5. Understand wireless wans and their performance analysis
6. Demonstrate wireless lan and their specifications
7. Familiar with some of the existing and emerging wireless standards
8. Understand the concept of ofdm
Malla reddy college of engineering and technology (autonomous) 184
, wireless communications and networks
Unit - 1
Introduction to wireless communication systems
The ability to communicate with people on the move has evolved remarkably since guglielmo marconi
first demonstrated radio‘s ability to provide continuous contact with ships sailing the english channel in
1897. Since then new wireless communications methods and services have been enthusiastically adop ted
by people throughout the world. Particularly during the past ten years, the mobile radio communications
industry has grown by orders of magnitude, fueled by digital and rf circuit fabrication improvements, new
large-scale circuit integration, and other miniaturization technologies which make portable radio
equipment smaller, cheaper, and more reliable. Digital switching techniques have facilitated the large scale
deployment of affordable, easy-to-use radio communication networks.
Evolution of mobile radio communications
The ability to provide wireless communications to an entire population was not even conceived until bell
laboratories developed the cellular concept in the 1960s and 1970s. With the development of highly
reliable, miniature, solid-state radio frequency hardware in the 1970s, the wireless communications era
was born.
The following market penetration data show how wireless communications in the consumer sector has
grown in popularity. Figure 1.1 illustrates how mobile telephony has penetrated our daily lives compared
with other popular inventions of the 20th century. Figure 1.1 shows that the first 35 years of mobile
telephony saw little market penetration due to high cost and the technological challenges involved, but
however, in the past decade, wireless communications has been accepted by consumers at rates
comparable to television and the video cassette recorder.
Figure 1.1. The growth of mobile telephony as compared with other popular inventions of the 20th
century.
By 1934, 194 municipal police radio systems and 58 state police stations had adopted amplitude
modulation (am) mobile communication systems for public safety in the u.s.
In 1935, edwin armstrong demonstrated frequency modulation (fm) for the first time, and since
the late 1930s, fm has been the primary modulation technique used for mobile communication
systems throughout the world.
With the boom in cb radio and cordless appliances such as garage door openers and telephones,
the number of users of mobile and portable radio in 1995 was about 100 million, or 37% of the
u.s. population
The number of worldwide cellular telephone users grew from 25,000 in 1984 to about 25 million
in 1993, and since then subscription-based wireless services have been experiencing customer
growth rates well in excess of 50% per year. At the beginning of the 21st century, over 1% of the
worldwide wireless subscriber population had already abandoned wired telephone service for
home use, and had begun to rely solely on their cellular service provider for telephone access.
Mobile radiotelephony in the u.s.
In 1946, the first public mobile telephone service was introduced in twenty-five major american cities. Each
system used a single, high-powered transmitter and large tower in order to cover distances of over 50 km
in a particular market. During the 1950s and 1960s, at&t bell laboratories and other telecommunications
companies throughout the world developed the theory and techniques of cellular radiotelephony —the
concept of breaking a coverage zone (market) into small cells, each of which reuse portions of the
