SOP 3015 QUIZZES Questions and Answers 2025 with complete
solution
1. A developmental psychologist observing behavior as it happens outsidethe laboratory or clinic is engaging in
what type of observation?: naturalisticobservation
2. A scientific explanation that remains tentative until it has been adequatelytested is called a(n): hypothesis
3. A study to determine the degree of relationship between two events iscalled: the correlational method
4. The phrase "a theory must also be falsifiable" means:: a theory must bedefined so that it can be
disconfirmed
5. In an experiment to find out if taking ginseng increases IQ scores, the IQscores would be: the dependent
variable
6. Which of the following is considered a disadvantage of naturalistic obser-vation?: it does not identify the cause
of observed behavior
7. Subjects are said to be assigned randomly when: they each have an equalchance of being assigned to either the
experimental or control group
8. To prevent ethical abuse in psychological research, the APA has suggested that: Psychologists must treat all subjects
with respect and concern for the subject'sdignity
9. Id is to "Just do it" as superego is to: don't do it
10. An important limitation of all correlational studies is that they: cannot detect systematic relationships between
more than two variables
11. Piaget's four broad stages of cognitive development occur in the following order:: sensorimotor, preoperational,
concrete operational, formal operational
12. The unconscious contains: repressed memories and emotions
13. Behavioral theories of personality are often criticized for their: limitedrecognition of temperament,
,emotion, and subjective factors
14. Criticisms of Freud's developmental theory have centered on: the over-em-phasis o sexuality in personality
development
15. According to behaviorists,: personality is acquired through conditioning andobservational learning.
16. The idea that most human behavior depends on its consequences is thebasic premise of: operant learning
theory
17. Jane is a 9th-grader who earns good grades and is involved in dance and soccer. However, she is also struggling
with body image issues and often feels "left out" in social gatherings. What stage of psychosocial development best
describes Jane's situation?: identity versus confusion
18. Bandura believes that is the primary determinant of our willing- ness to perform
responses we have learned through observation.: the conse-quences we anticipate for performing such acts
, 19. The major cognitive advance of Piaget's preoperational stage centers onthe child's use of: mental symbols
20. An investigator who studies the development of aggression by selecting a sample of 2-year-olds and a sample
of 4-year-olds and follows them for
5 years to see if they become any more or less aggressive is employing a
.: sequential design
21. Which of the following theories asserts that each human emotion is biolog- ically programmed and is
accompanied by a particular set of facial and bodilyreactions?: Discrete-Emotions Theory
22. Which of the following types of early temperament is described as being ir- regular, slow to accept new
experiences, and reactive in a negative and intense manner to interactions with parents or other primary caretakers?:
difficult/fiesty
23. Mischel's Marshmallow Test focused on:: self-regulation
24. Sensitive periods of development are characterized by all of the following except:: -are related to chronological
time points in a person's development
-(explanations of abnormal development)
-period of time which is optimal for the development of a particular capability
-certain adaptive characteristics
25. According to Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, the macrosys-tem:: is the larger cultural or
subcultural context in which development occurs
26. According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, which two processes arecritical for children's
development?: language and social interaction
27. Modern evolutionary perspectives focus on influences whichplay a
significant role in human development.: biological
solution
1. A developmental psychologist observing behavior as it happens outsidethe laboratory or clinic is engaging in
what type of observation?: naturalisticobservation
2. A scientific explanation that remains tentative until it has been adequatelytested is called a(n): hypothesis
3. A study to determine the degree of relationship between two events iscalled: the correlational method
4. The phrase "a theory must also be falsifiable" means:: a theory must bedefined so that it can be
disconfirmed
5. In an experiment to find out if taking ginseng increases IQ scores, the IQscores would be: the dependent
variable
6. Which of the following is considered a disadvantage of naturalistic obser-vation?: it does not identify the cause
of observed behavior
7. Subjects are said to be assigned randomly when: they each have an equalchance of being assigned to either the
experimental or control group
8. To prevent ethical abuse in psychological research, the APA has suggested that: Psychologists must treat all subjects
with respect and concern for the subject'sdignity
9. Id is to "Just do it" as superego is to: don't do it
10. An important limitation of all correlational studies is that they: cannot detect systematic relationships between
more than two variables
11. Piaget's four broad stages of cognitive development occur in the following order:: sensorimotor, preoperational,
concrete operational, formal operational
12. The unconscious contains: repressed memories and emotions
13. Behavioral theories of personality are often criticized for their: limitedrecognition of temperament,
,emotion, and subjective factors
14. Criticisms of Freud's developmental theory have centered on: the over-em-phasis o sexuality in personality
development
15. According to behaviorists,: personality is acquired through conditioning andobservational learning.
16. The idea that most human behavior depends on its consequences is thebasic premise of: operant learning
theory
17. Jane is a 9th-grader who earns good grades and is involved in dance and soccer. However, she is also struggling
with body image issues and often feels "left out" in social gatherings. What stage of psychosocial development best
describes Jane's situation?: identity versus confusion
18. Bandura believes that is the primary determinant of our willing- ness to perform
responses we have learned through observation.: the conse-quences we anticipate for performing such acts
, 19. The major cognitive advance of Piaget's preoperational stage centers onthe child's use of: mental symbols
20. An investigator who studies the development of aggression by selecting a sample of 2-year-olds and a sample
of 4-year-olds and follows them for
5 years to see if they become any more or less aggressive is employing a
.: sequential design
21. Which of the following theories asserts that each human emotion is biolog- ically programmed and is
accompanied by a particular set of facial and bodilyreactions?: Discrete-Emotions Theory
22. Which of the following types of early temperament is described as being ir- regular, slow to accept new
experiences, and reactive in a negative and intense manner to interactions with parents or other primary caretakers?:
difficult/fiesty
23. Mischel's Marshmallow Test focused on:: self-regulation
24. Sensitive periods of development are characterized by all of the following except:: -are related to chronological
time points in a person's development
-(explanations of abnormal development)
-period of time which is optimal for the development of a particular capability
-certain adaptive characteristics
25. According to Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, the macrosys-tem:: is the larger cultural or
subcultural context in which development occurs
26. According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, which two processes arecritical for children's
development?: language and social interaction
27. Modern evolutionary perspectives focus on influences whichplay a
significant role in human development.: biological
