ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY PRACTICE EXAM:
(NEW 2025/2026 UPDATE)
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM & TRAUMA
MANAGEMENT GUIDE | QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS | GRADE A | 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) – MEDICAL SCHOOL
ORTHOPEDICS
Skeleton performs the following functions. - 1) Framework 2) Serves as points of attachment
for muscles, which in turn move the body. 3) Protects internal organs from injury. 4) Serves as a
source of RBC's (red marrow). 5) Stores calcium.
T or F: Bone is connective tissue. - True; Bone is a specialized form of connective tissue.
Osteocytes - Bone cells
Cortical bone - Compact, hard, dense tissue of bone that surrounds the marrow cavity.
Haversian units are found here.
Cancellous bone - Spongy tissue of the inner portion of bone.
Abduction - Lateral movement away from the median plane of the body.
Adduction - Movement toward the median plane of the body.
Amputation - Removal, usually by surgery, of a limb, part, or organ.
Ankylosis - Abnormal stiffness or fixation of a joint.
Arthritis - Inflammation of a joint.
Arthrodesis - Surgical fixation or immobilization of a joint.
Arthroplasty - Plastic surgery to reshape or reconstruct a diseased joint.
Arthroscope - An endoscope for examining the interior of a joint.
Arthroscopy - Direct visualization into a joint through and arthroscope.
Arthrotomy - Incision into a joint.
,Avulsed - A part or a structure forcibly torn away.
Closed fracture - Fracture of the bone w/no skin wound.
Closed reduction - Bones are placed in their proper position w/o surgery.
Comminuted fracture - Bone is broken or splintered into pieces.
Complete fracture - Neither bone fragment is connected to the other; the break interupts the
continuity of bone.
Compound fracture - An external wound that leads down to the site of the fracture or
fragments of bone protruding through the skin; open fracture.
Condyle - Rounded projection at the end of a bone forming an articulation.
Diaphysis - The shaft or middle part of a long, cylindrical bone.
Endosteum - Membrane lining in the medullary cavity of a bone.
Epiphysis - A center for ossification at the ends of a long bone.
Fracture - A break in a bone.
Greenstick fracture - A fracture in which bone is partially bent and partially broken.
De Quervain's Disease - Inflammation of the tendon sheath of the thumb.
Dupuytren's contracture - Abnormal formation of connective tissue of the palmar fascia
causing the ring and little fingers to bend into the palm.
Exostosis - Bony growth on the surface of a bone.
External fixation - The use of devices, such as pins, in fractured bone segments to keep them
in place.
Fasciectomy - Excision of strips of fascia.
Faciotomy - Surgical incision and division of fascia.
Foramen - A hole in a bone for the passage of vessels.
Fossa - Shallow depression.
Hallux Valgus - Displacement of the great toe toward the other toes.
, Hammer Toe - A toe with dorsal flexion of the first phalanx and planter flexion of the second
and third phalanges.
Impacted - A fracture in which the ends of the bones are wedged together.
Incomplete fracture - The line of break does not include the whole bone; the break is partial
and some of the bones are still intact. Also known as a greenstick FX.
Insertion - Movable attachment of the distal end of a muscle; it produces shape changes or
movement when the muscle contracts.
Internal fixation - The use of internal wires, screws, or pins applied directly to bone segments
to keep them in place.
Joint cavity - Space enclosed by the synovial membrane and articular cartilages; contains
synovial fluid.
Kirschner wire - Steel wire placed through a bone in order to apply traction.
Laminectomy - Excision of a vertebral posterior arch.
Luxation - Dislocation of a joint; displacement of articular surfaces.
Malunion - Growth of the fragments of a fractured bone in a faulty postition, forming an
imperfect union.
Marrow - Soft tissue occupying the medullary cavity of many bones.
Medullary cavity - The space within the diaphysis of a bone that contains marrow.
Open reduction - Use of surgery to place bones in their position.
ORIF - Open reduction, internal fixation: surgical treatment of bone fracture by placing the
bones in their proper postition using internal wires, screws, or pins applied directly to fractured
bone segments to keep them in place.
Osteochondritis - Inflammation of bone and cartilage.
Osteomyelitis - Inflammation of bone, especially the marrow, caused by a pathogenic
organism.
Osteoporosis - Disease process that results in reduction in the mass of bone per unit of
volume.
Osteotomy - Surgical cutting through bone.
(NEW 2025/2026 UPDATE)
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM & TRAUMA
MANAGEMENT GUIDE | QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS | GRADE A | 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) – MEDICAL SCHOOL
ORTHOPEDICS
Skeleton performs the following functions. - 1) Framework 2) Serves as points of attachment
for muscles, which in turn move the body. 3) Protects internal organs from injury. 4) Serves as a
source of RBC's (red marrow). 5) Stores calcium.
T or F: Bone is connective tissue. - True; Bone is a specialized form of connective tissue.
Osteocytes - Bone cells
Cortical bone - Compact, hard, dense tissue of bone that surrounds the marrow cavity.
Haversian units are found here.
Cancellous bone - Spongy tissue of the inner portion of bone.
Abduction - Lateral movement away from the median plane of the body.
Adduction - Movement toward the median plane of the body.
Amputation - Removal, usually by surgery, of a limb, part, or organ.
Ankylosis - Abnormal stiffness or fixation of a joint.
Arthritis - Inflammation of a joint.
Arthrodesis - Surgical fixation or immobilization of a joint.
Arthroplasty - Plastic surgery to reshape or reconstruct a diseased joint.
Arthroscope - An endoscope for examining the interior of a joint.
Arthroscopy - Direct visualization into a joint through and arthroscope.
Arthrotomy - Incision into a joint.
,Avulsed - A part or a structure forcibly torn away.
Closed fracture - Fracture of the bone w/no skin wound.
Closed reduction - Bones are placed in their proper position w/o surgery.
Comminuted fracture - Bone is broken or splintered into pieces.
Complete fracture - Neither bone fragment is connected to the other; the break interupts the
continuity of bone.
Compound fracture - An external wound that leads down to the site of the fracture or
fragments of bone protruding through the skin; open fracture.
Condyle - Rounded projection at the end of a bone forming an articulation.
Diaphysis - The shaft or middle part of a long, cylindrical bone.
Endosteum - Membrane lining in the medullary cavity of a bone.
Epiphysis - A center for ossification at the ends of a long bone.
Fracture - A break in a bone.
Greenstick fracture - A fracture in which bone is partially bent and partially broken.
De Quervain's Disease - Inflammation of the tendon sheath of the thumb.
Dupuytren's contracture - Abnormal formation of connective tissue of the palmar fascia
causing the ring and little fingers to bend into the palm.
Exostosis - Bony growth on the surface of a bone.
External fixation - The use of devices, such as pins, in fractured bone segments to keep them
in place.
Fasciectomy - Excision of strips of fascia.
Faciotomy - Surgical incision and division of fascia.
Foramen - A hole in a bone for the passage of vessels.
Fossa - Shallow depression.
Hallux Valgus - Displacement of the great toe toward the other toes.
, Hammer Toe - A toe with dorsal flexion of the first phalanx and planter flexion of the second
and third phalanges.
Impacted - A fracture in which the ends of the bones are wedged together.
Incomplete fracture - The line of break does not include the whole bone; the break is partial
and some of the bones are still intact. Also known as a greenstick FX.
Insertion - Movable attachment of the distal end of a muscle; it produces shape changes or
movement when the muscle contracts.
Internal fixation - The use of internal wires, screws, or pins applied directly to bone segments
to keep them in place.
Joint cavity - Space enclosed by the synovial membrane and articular cartilages; contains
synovial fluid.
Kirschner wire - Steel wire placed through a bone in order to apply traction.
Laminectomy - Excision of a vertebral posterior arch.
Luxation - Dislocation of a joint; displacement of articular surfaces.
Malunion - Growth of the fragments of a fractured bone in a faulty postition, forming an
imperfect union.
Marrow - Soft tissue occupying the medullary cavity of many bones.
Medullary cavity - The space within the diaphysis of a bone that contains marrow.
Open reduction - Use of surgery to place bones in their position.
ORIF - Open reduction, internal fixation: surgical treatment of bone fracture by placing the
bones in their proper postition using internal wires, screws, or pins applied directly to fractured
bone segments to keep them in place.
Osteochondritis - Inflammation of bone and cartilage.
Osteomyelitis - Inflammation of bone, especially the marrow, caused by a pathogenic
organism.
Osteoporosis - Disease process that results in reduction in the mass of bone per unit of
volume.
Osteotomy - Surgical cutting through bone.
