ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY PRACTICE EXAM:
(NEW 2025/2026 UPDATE)
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM & TRAUMA
MANAGEMENT GUIDE | QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS | GRADE A | 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) – MEDICAL SCHOOL
ORTHOPEDICS
1) Identify the layer of connective tissue that covers all bone:
A. Periosteum
B. Calcium
C. Cartilage
D. Fascia - Periosteum
2) The scaphoid, also called the navicular, links the proximal row of carpal bones as it:
A. Articulates with each metacarpal
B. attaches its rough surfaces to the ligaments
C. stabilizes and coordinates the movement of the proximal and distal rows.
D. articulates proximally with its matching carpel row. - Stabilizes and
coordinates the movement of the proximal and distal rows.
3) Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are used for the treatment of vertebral compression
fractures attributes to osteoporosis or pathologic conditions. Bone cement is injected into
the vertebral body to decrease back pain and prevent further vertebral body height loss.
Equipment includes C-arm, radiolucent OR bed, and x-ray vests for staff as well as bone
biopsy needles, vertebroplasty system, and cement injection system. An important
consideration relevant to this interventional radiology-assisted procedure would be:
A. shield the patient with a lead apron, covering from thyroid to reproductive organs.
B. organize and have casting supplies available outside of the room.
C. position the patient in prone body alignment with padding to prevent skin and
nerve injury.
, D. abduct both arms less than 90 degrees on attached arm boards. - Position the
patient in prone body alignment with padding to prevent skin and nerve injury.
4) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, or bone cement) is an acrylic, cement-like substance
composed of a liquid methyl methacrylate monomer and a powder methyl methacrylate-
styrene co-polymer. What element is added to the powder component to make the
finished product radiopaque?
A. Radiografinpaque
B. Polucrylate Sodium
C. Barium
D. Granular allograft bone - Barium
5) The surgeon may treat distal limb fractures with a closed reduction, rather than open or
external fixation, manipulating the fragments into position without incising the skin.
When possible, this is the treatment of choice because it decreases the opportunity for
infection, improves results (including bone union of the fracture), and minimizes the
recovery period. Closed reduction with local or light anesthesia may permit ambulatory
surgery. Select a situation where closed reduction would be performed in addition to open
reduction and fixation surgery to a distal limb.
A. Significant bone comminution
B. Where periosteal damage is evident
C. Before an open procedure to reduce the fracture site.
D. When soft tissue entrapment is suspected. - When soft tissue entrapment is
suspected
6) Osteomalacia is a metabolic bone disease characterized by inadequate mineralization of
bone, which leads to reduced absorption of calcium and phosphorus. This malabsorption
condition is due to a deficiency of _____ that can be treated by _______.
A. calcium; nutritional diet and supplements.
B. vitamin D; dietary supplements and exposure to sunlight
C. phosphorus; nutraceuticals and exposure to therapeutic radiation
D. soy protein; weight-bearing exercise and sunlight - Vitamin D; dietary
supplements and exposure to sunlight
7) Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is a method of providing exposure of the
fracture site and using pins, wire screws, a plate and screw combination, rods, or nails to
correct the fracture. Surgeons use open reduction and internal fixation when they are
unable to reduce a fracture by closed methods and skeletal traction is not indicated. What
would be an advantage for an open rather than closed fracture reduction technique?
A. Direct observation and verification of fracture alignment
B. Decreased opportunity for surgical site infection
C. Improved bone union outcomes
(NEW 2025/2026 UPDATE)
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM & TRAUMA
MANAGEMENT GUIDE | QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS | GRADE A | 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) – MEDICAL SCHOOL
ORTHOPEDICS
1) Identify the layer of connective tissue that covers all bone:
A. Periosteum
B. Calcium
C. Cartilage
D. Fascia - Periosteum
2) The scaphoid, also called the navicular, links the proximal row of carpal bones as it:
A. Articulates with each metacarpal
B. attaches its rough surfaces to the ligaments
C. stabilizes and coordinates the movement of the proximal and distal rows.
D. articulates proximally with its matching carpel row. - Stabilizes and
coordinates the movement of the proximal and distal rows.
3) Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are used for the treatment of vertebral compression
fractures attributes to osteoporosis or pathologic conditions. Bone cement is injected into
the vertebral body to decrease back pain and prevent further vertebral body height loss.
Equipment includes C-arm, radiolucent OR bed, and x-ray vests for staff as well as bone
biopsy needles, vertebroplasty system, and cement injection system. An important
consideration relevant to this interventional radiology-assisted procedure would be:
A. shield the patient with a lead apron, covering from thyroid to reproductive organs.
B. organize and have casting supplies available outside of the room.
C. position the patient in prone body alignment with padding to prevent skin and
nerve injury.
, D. abduct both arms less than 90 degrees on attached arm boards. - Position the
patient in prone body alignment with padding to prevent skin and nerve injury.
4) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, or bone cement) is an acrylic, cement-like substance
composed of a liquid methyl methacrylate monomer and a powder methyl methacrylate-
styrene co-polymer. What element is added to the powder component to make the
finished product radiopaque?
A. Radiografinpaque
B. Polucrylate Sodium
C. Barium
D. Granular allograft bone - Barium
5) The surgeon may treat distal limb fractures with a closed reduction, rather than open or
external fixation, manipulating the fragments into position without incising the skin.
When possible, this is the treatment of choice because it decreases the opportunity for
infection, improves results (including bone union of the fracture), and minimizes the
recovery period. Closed reduction with local or light anesthesia may permit ambulatory
surgery. Select a situation where closed reduction would be performed in addition to open
reduction and fixation surgery to a distal limb.
A. Significant bone comminution
B. Where periosteal damage is evident
C. Before an open procedure to reduce the fracture site.
D. When soft tissue entrapment is suspected. - When soft tissue entrapment is
suspected
6) Osteomalacia is a metabolic bone disease characterized by inadequate mineralization of
bone, which leads to reduced absorption of calcium and phosphorus. This malabsorption
condition is due to a deficiency of _____ that can be treated by _______.
A. calcium; nutritional diet and supplements.
B. vitamin D; dietary supplements and exposure to sunlight
C. phosphorus; nutraceuticals and exposure to therapeutic radiation
D. soy protein; weight-bearing exercise and sunlight - Vitamin D; dietary
supplements and exposure to sunlight
7) Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is a method of providing exposure of the
fracture site and using pins, wire screws, a plate and screw combination, rods, or nails to
correct the fracture. Surgeons use open reduction and internal fixation when they are
unable to reduce a fracture by closed methods and skeletal traction is not indicated. What
would be an advantage for an open rather than closed fracture reduction technique?
A. Direct observation and verification of fracture alignment
B. Decreased opportunity for surgical site infection
C. Improved bone union outcomes
