ESOL GACE Exam Questions With
Already Solved Correctly Answers
2025
metacognitive strategies CORRECT ANSWERS strategies that students use to improve
their own learning process. Planning, self-monitoring, prioritizing, and setting goals are
all examples of metacognitive strategies
Stage 1 of Morpheme Acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS -ing of progressive verbs,
plural s, an copula to be (is, am, are)
Stage 2 of Morpheme Acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS Auxiliary verb to be and
articles (the, a)
Stage 3 of Morpheme Acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS irregular past tense verbs (he
went out)
Stage 4 of Morpheme Acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS Regular past tense verbs (-
ed), third person singular (-s), possessives ('s)
Language Interference CORRECT ANSWERS features of a speaker's native language
affects his or her ability to learn a second language
Phonetic Interference CORRECT ANSWERS issues that arise when trying to learn the
sound system of a new language
5 Stages of Second Language Acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Silent Period (Pre-
production)
2. Private Speech (Early production)
3. Lexical Chunks (Speech emergence)
4. Formulaic Speech (Intermediate fluency)
5. Experimental or Simplified Speech (Advanced fluency)
Stage 1 of Second language acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS Silent Period or Pre-
production (500 words, typically uncomfortable speaking)
can last up to six months
Stage 2 of second language acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS Private speech or early
production (1000 words, creates 1 and 2 word phrases)
,Stage 3 of second language acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS Lexical chunks or
speech emergence stage (3000 words, short phrases and sentences with frequent
grammatical errors, short conversations with peers and read beginning stories)
Stage 4 of second language acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS Formulaic speech or
intermediate fluency (6000 words to make complex sentences, state opinions, and
share thoughts, can study content subjects in English, shift to writing instruction)
Stage 5 of Second- Language Acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS Experimental,
simplified speech or advanced fluency (approaches fluency and can make
generalizations about grammar and semantics, can exit program but may still need help
with content areas and writing)
transitive verb CORRECT ANSWERS An action verb that requires a direct object to
complete its meaning. (throw - threw what?)
intransitive verb CORRECT ANSWERS An action verb that does not require a direct
object (jump - I jumped, makes sense)
connected speech CORRECT ANSWERS Refers to the way in which the pronunciation
of a word can be changed by the words around it.
Catenation CORRECT ANSWERS A phonological term referring to the joining of a
consonant sound at the end of a word with a vowel sound at the beginning of the next.
There is no noticeable pause between the two sounds. e.g.: "An apple" is
pronounced /anapple/.
Elision CORRECT ANSWERS The omission of an unstressed vowel or syllable, a
sound is left out of a word (sandwich pronounced sanwich)
Assimilation (phonics) CORRECT ANSWERS blending of two sounds to create a new
sound (don't you --> doan chu)
Intrusion (phonics) CORRECT ANSWERS the insertion of an unwritten sound into a
phrase (do it --> dewit)
Krashen's Natural Order Hypothesis CORRECT ANSWERS people acquire aspects of
language in a natural order, regardless of which language they are acquiring or which
language is their primary language. That is, certain grammatical structures are acquired
early in the language process and others later. For example, research shows that
individuals acquiring English will master the use of the "-ing" form of verbs before they
learn to add an "s" to the third person singular form of regular verbs.
Jim Cummins' theory on BICS and CALP CORRECT ANSWERS BICS refers to
conversational fluency in a language while CALP refers to students' ability to
understand and express, in both oral and written modes, concepts and ideas that are
, relevant to success in school. BICS refers to all the social, everyday things we do with
language, embedded in face-to-face, familiar contexts such as greetings, conversations,
retelling, describing, recalling and so on. CALP... refers to all the things we need to do
with language in order to achieve academic and cognitively demanding purposes, such
as explaining, analyzing, synthesizing, arguing and so on.
Merrill Swain's Output Hypothesis CORRECT ANSWERS students will be motivated to
improve their speech production when they notice, in conversation, that they are unable
to express themselves fully.
Discovery Learning Theory CORRECT ANSWERS Coined by Bruner, posits that
students learn best when they construct their own knowledge through a process of
inquiry, investigation, and problem solving ("discovery") rather than when a teacher or
parent tells them explicitly what they are expected to know.
Critical Period Hypothesis CORRECT ANSWERS The critical period hypothesis argues
that there is an optimal age for learning a language and that the ease with which a
person can learn languages declines over time. The hypothesis was first formulated by
neurologist Wilbur Penfield and then elaborated by Eric Lenneberg, who argued that
language learning is dependent on brain plasticity, which in humans is at an optimal
level for learning during a critical period extending from roughly age two until puberty.
Krashen's Monitor Hypothesis CORRECT ANSWERS Stephen Krashen argues that
individuals who acquire languages know inherently what is correct in that language,
even if they have not formally studied the grammatical or syntactical rules of that
language. However, learning plays a role even for individuals who have acquired a
language: once they learn explicit rules, they can use them to monitor and correct their
language use. Monitoring one's language, however, takes time and conscious attention,
and thus is more feasible when writing than speaking.
Krashen's Learning/Acquisition Hypothesis CORRECT ANSWERS Stephen Krashen
distinguishes between acquiring a language and learning a language. Acquisition is an
unconscious, natural process that occurs when a learner uses the language for a variety
of real life purposes and interacts extensively with native speakers.Learning, by
contrast, is a conscious process during which a student is likely to study parts of a
language in sequence, as when they study vocabulary lists or learn to conjugate verbs.
Krashen argues that only acquisition leads to fluency, and he further claims that
learning cannot be transformed into acquisition.
Krashen's Input Hypothesis CORRECT ANSWERS Stephen Krashen argues that
language acquisition takes place most efficiently when students are presented with
input that is slightly beyond their current mastery level. In other words, students should
be able to understand most of what they hear or read, but not all. If used correctly,
students will be able to understand this comprehensible input through the use of
context, their background knowledge, or nonlinguistic cues. If comprehensible input is
Already Solved Correctly Answers
2025
metacognitive strategies CORRECT ANSWERS strategies that students use to improve
their own learning process. Planning, self-monitoring, prioritizing, and setting goals are
all examples of metacognitive strategies
Stage 1 of Morpheme Acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS -ing of progressive verbs,
plural s, an copula to be (is, am, are)
Stage 2 of Morpheme Acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS Auxiliary verb to be and
articles (the, a)
Stage 3 of Morpheme Acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS irregular past tense verbs (he
went out)
Stage 4 of Morpheme Acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS Regular past tense verbs (-
ed), third person singular (-s), possessives ('s)
Language Interference CORRECT ANSWERS features of a speaker's native language
affects his or her ability to learn a second language
Phonetic Interference CORRECT ANSWERS issues that arise when trying to learn the
sound system of a new language
5 Stages of Second Language Acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Silent Period (Pre-
production)
2. Private Speech (Early production)
3. Lexical Chunks (Speech emergence)
4. Formulaic Speech (Intermediate fluency)
5. Experimental or Simplified Speech (Advanced fluency)
Stage 1 of Second language acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS Silent Period or Pre-
production (500 words, typically uncomfortable speaking)
can last up to six months
Stage 2 of second language acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS Private speech or early
production (1000 words, creates 1 and 2 word phrases)
,Stage 3 of second language acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS Lexical chunks or
speech emergence stage (3000 words, short phrases and sentences with frequent
grammatical errors, short conversations with peers and read beginning stories)
Stage 4 of second language acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS Formulaic speech or
intermediate fluency (6000 words to make complex sentences, state opinions, and
share thoughts, can study content subjects in English, shift to writing instruction)
Stage 5 of Second- Language Acquisition CORRECT ANSWERS Experimental,
simplified speech or advanced fluency (approaches fluency and can make
generalizations about grammar and semantics, can exit program but may still need help
with content areas and writing)
transitive verb CORRECT ANSWERS An action verb that requires a direct object to
complete its meaning. (throw - threw what?)
intransitive verb CORRECT ANSWERS An action verb that does not require a direct
object (jump - I jumped, makes sense)
connected speech CORRECT ANSWERS Refers to the way in which the pronunciation
of a word can be changed by the words around it.
Catenation CORRECT ANSWERS A phonological term referring to the joining of a
consonant sound at the end of a word with a vowel sound at the beginning of the next.
There is no noticeable pause between the two sounds. e.g.: "An apple" is
pronounced /anapple/.
Elision CORRECT ANSWERS The omission of an unstressed vowel or syllable, a
sound is left out of a word (sandwich pronounced sanwich)
Assimilation (phonics) CORRECT ANSWERS blending of two sounds to create a new
sound (don't you --> doan chu)
Intrusion (phonics) CORRECT ANSWERS the insertion of an unwritten sound into a
phrase (do it --> dewit)
Krashen's Natural Order Hypothesis CORRECT ANSWERS people acquire aspects of
language in a natural order, regardless of which language they are acquiring or which
language is their primary language. That is, certain grammatical structures are acquired
early in the language process and others later. For example, research shows that
individuals acquiring English will master the use of the "-ing" form of verbs before they
learn to add an "s" to the third person singular form of regular verbs.
Jim Cummins' theory on BICS and CALP CORRECT ANSWERS BICS refers to
conversational fluency in a language while CALP refers to students' ability to
understand and express, in both oral and written modes, concepts and ideas that are
, relevant to success in school. BICS refers to all the social, everyday things we do with
language, embedded in face-to-face, familiar contexts such as greetings, conversations,
retelling, describing, recalling and so on. CALP... refers to all the things we need to do
with language in order to achieve academic and cognitively demanding purposes, such
as explaining, analyzing, synthesizing, arguing and so on.
Merrill Swain's Output Hypothesis CORRECT ANSWERS students will be motivated to
improve their speech production when they notice, in conversation, that they are unable
to express themselves fully.
Discovery Learning Theory CORRECT ANSWERS Coined by Bruner, posits that
students learn best when they construct their own knowledge through a process of
inquiry, investigation, and problem solving ("discovery") rather than when a teacher or
parent tells them explicitly what they are expected to know.
Critical Period Hypothesis CORRECT ANSWERS The critical period hypothesis argues
that there is an optimal age for learning a language and that the ease with which a
person can learn languages declines over time. The hypothesis was first formulated by
neurologist Wilbur Penfield and then elaborated by Eric Lenneberg, who argued that
language learning is dependent on brain plasticity, which in humans is at an optimal
level for learning during a critical period extending from roughly age two until puberty.
Krashen's Monitor Hypothesis CORRECT ANSWERS Stephen Krashen argues that
individuals who acquire languages know inherently what is correct in that language,
even if they have not formally studied the grammatical or syntactical rules of that
language. However, learning plays a role even for individuals who have acquired a
language: once they learn explicit rules, they can use them to monitor and correct their
language use. Monitoring one's language, however, takes time and conscious attention,
and thus is more feasible when writing than speaking.
Krashen's Learning/Acquisition Hypothesis CORRECT ANSWERS Stephen Krashen
distinguishes between acquiring a language and learning a language. Acquisition is an
unconscious, natural process that occurs when a learner uses the language for a variety
of real life purposes and interacts extensively with native speakers.Learning, by
contrast, is a conscious process during which a student is likely to study parts of a
language in sequence, as when they study vocabulary lists or learn to conjugate verbs.
Krashen argues that only acquisition leads to fluency, and he further claims that
learning cannot be transformed into acquisition.
Krashen's Input Hypothesis CORRECT ANSWERS Stephen Krashen argues that
language acquisition takes place most efficiently when students are presented with
input that is slightly beyond their current mastery level. In other words, students should
be able to understand most of what they hear or read, but not all. If used correctly,
students will be able to understand this comprehensible input through the use of
context, their background knowledge, or nonlinguistic cues. If comprehensible input is
