NSG 3850, Patho 2 Exam 1 Study Guide [ACTUAL EXAM]
LATEST VERSION [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS] WITH
PRACTICE EXAM DETAILED AND VERIFIED FOR
GUARANTEED PASS- LATEST UPDATE 2025 GRADED A
Which event is likely to lead to hyponatremia?
a. Insufficient ADH secretion
b. Excess aldosterone secretion
c. Administration of intravenous normal saline
d. Frequent nasogastric tube irrigation with water - CORRECT ANSWER d. Frequent
nasogastric tube irrigation with water
An increase in the resting membrane potential (hyperpolarized) is associated with
a. hypokalemia.
b. hyperkalemia.
c. hypocalcemia.
d. hypercalcemia. - CORRECT ANSWER a. hypokalemia
Abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme activity and cellular production of
ATP are associated with
a. hyponatremia.
b. hypocalcemia.
c. hypophosphatemia.
d. hypokalemia. - CORRECT ANSWER C. Hypophosphatemia
The fraction of total body water (TBW) volume contained in the intracellular space in
adult males is
a. three-fourths.
b. two-thirds.
c. one-half.
d. one-third. - CORRECT ANSWER b. two-thirds.
What age group has a larger volume of extracellular fluid than intracellular fluid?
a. Infants
b. Adolescents
c. Young adults
d. Older adults - CORRECT ANSWER a. Infants
,Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia are caused by
a. excess proteins.
b. renal damage.
c. deficiency of ATP.
d. hypocalcemia. - CORRECT ANSWER c. deficiency of ATP.
A person who overuses magnesium-aluminum antacids for a long period of time is likely
to develop
a. hypokalemia.
b. hyperkalemia.
c. hypophosphatemia.
d. hyperphosphatemia. - CORRECT ANSWER C. Hypophosphatemia
The electrolyte that has a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid than in the
intracellular fluid is - ions.
a. sodium
b. phosphate
c. magnesium
d. potassium - CORRECT ANSWER a. sodium
A person who has hyperparathyroidism is likely to develop
a. hypokalemia.
b. hyperkalemia.
c. hypocalcemia.
d. hypercalcemia. - CORRECT ANSWER d. Hypercalcemia
The inward-pulling force of particles in the vascular fluid is called - pressure.
a. capillary hydrostatic
b. interstitial osmotic
c. capillary osmotic
d. interstitial hydrostatic - CORRECT ANSWER c. capillary osmotic
How do clinical conditions that increase vascular permeability cause edema?
a. Through altering the negative charge on the capillary basement membrane, which
enables excessive fluid to accumulate in the interstitial compartment
b. By causing movement of fluid from the vascular compartment into the intracellular
compartment, which leads to cell swelling
c. Through leakage of vascular fluid into the interstitial fluid, which increases
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
d. By allowing plasma proteins to leak into the interstitial fluid, which draws in
, excess fluid by increasing the interstitial fluid osmotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER
d. By allowing plasma proteins to leak into the interstitial fluid, which draws in
excess fluid by increasing the interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
Which alteration can lead to edema?
a. Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
b. Increased capillary colloid osmotic pressure
c. Decreased lymphatic flow
d. Decreased capillary membrane permeability - CORRECT ANSWER c. Decreased
lymphatic flow
The process responsible for distribution of fluid between the interstitial and intracellular
compartments is
a. filtration.
b. osmosis.
c. active transport.
d. diffusion. - CORRECT ANSWER b. osmosis
Which electrolyte imbalances cause increased neuromuscular excitability?
a. Hypokalemia and hyperphosphatemia
b. Hyperkalemia and hypophosphatemia
c. Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia
d. Hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia - CORRECT ANSWER c. Hypocalcemia
and hypomagnesemia
Excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion can cause - concentration.
a. increased serum sodium
b. decreased serum sodium
c. increased serum potassium
d. decreased serum potassium - CORRECT ANSWER b. decreased serum sodium
Causes of hypomagnesemia include
a. hyperphosphatemia.
b. chronic alcoholism.
c. oliguric renal failure.
d. clinical dehydration. - CORRECT ANSWER b. chronic alcoholism
Signs and symptoms of clinical dehydration include
a. decreased urine output.
b. increased skin turgor.
LATEST VERSION [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS] WITH
PRACTICE EXAM DETAILED AND VERIFIED FOR
GUARANTEED PASS- LATEST UPDATE 2025 GRADED A
Which event is likely to lead to hyponatremia?
a. Insufficient ADH secretion
b. Excess aldosterone secretion
c. Administration of intravenous normal saline
d. Frequent nasogastric tube irrigation with water - CORRECT ANSWER d. Frequent
nasogastric tube irrigation with water
An increase in the resting membrane potential (hyperpolarized) is associated with
a. hypokalemia.
b. hyperkalemia.
c. hypocalcemia.
d. hypercalcemia. - CORRECT ANSWER a. hypokalemia
Abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme activity and cellular production of
ATP are associated with
a. hyponatremia.
b. hypocalcemia.
c. hypophosphatemia.
d. hypokalemia. - CORRECT ANSWER C. Hypophosphatemia
The fraction of total body water (TBW) volume contained in the intracellular space in
adult males is
a. three-fourths.
b. two-thirds.
c. one-half.
d. one-third. - CORRECT ANSWER b. two-thirds.
What age group has a larger volume of extracellular fluid than intracellular fluid?
a. Infants
b. Adolescents
c. Young adults
d. Older adults - CORRECT ANSWER a. Infants
,Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia are caused by
a. excess proteins.
b. renal damage.
c. deficiency of ATP.
d. hypocalcemia. - CORRECT ANSWER c. deficiency of ATP.
A person who overuses magnesium-aluminum antacids for a long period of time is likely
to develop
a. hypokalemia.
b. hyperkalemia.
c. hypophosphatemia.
d. hyperphosphatemia. - CORRECT ANSWER C. Hypophosphatemia
The electrolyte that has a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid than in the
intracellular fluid is - ions.
a. sodium
b. phosphate
c. magnesium
d. potassium - CORRECT ANSWER a. sodium
A person who has hyperparathyroidism is likely to develop
a. hypokalemia.
b. hyperkalemia.
c. hypocalcemia.
d. hypercalcemia. - CORRECT ANSWER d. Hypercalcemia
The inward-pulling force of particles in the vascular fluid is called - pressure.
a. capillary hydrostatic
b. interstitial osmotic
c. capillary osmotic
d. interstitial hydrostatic - CORRECT ANSWER c. capillary osmotic
How do clinical conditions that increase vascular permeability cause edema?
a. Through altering the negative charge on the capillary basement membrane, which
enables excessive fluid to accumulate in the interstitial compartment
b. By causing movement of fluid from the vascular compartment into the intracellular
compartment, which leads to cell swelling
c. Through leakage of vascular fluid into the interstitial fluid, which increases
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
d. By allowing plasma proteins to leak into the interstitial fluid, which draws in
, excess fluid by increasing the interstitial fluid osmotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER
d. By allowing plasma proteins to leak into the interstitial fluid, which draws in
excess fluid by increasing the interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
Which alteration can lead to edema?
a. Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
b. Increased capillary colloid osmotic pressure
c. Decreased lymphatic flow
d. Decreased capillary membrane permeability - CORRECT ANSWER c. Decreased
lymphatic flow
The process responsible for distribution of fluid between the interstitial and intracellular
compartments is
a. filtration.
b. osmosis.
c. active transport.
d. diffusion. - CORRECT ANSWER b. osmosis
Which electrolyte imbalances cause increased neuromuscular excitability?
a. Hypokalemia and hyperphosphatemia
b. Hyperkalemia and hypophosphatemia
c. Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia
d. Hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia - CORRECT ANSWER c. Hypocalcemia
and hypomagnesemia
Excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion can cause - concentration.
a. increased serum sodium
b. decreased serum sodium
c. increased serum potassium
d. decreased serum potassium - CORRECT ANSWER b. decreased serum sodium
Causes of hypomagnesemia include
a. hyperphosphatemia.
b. chronic alcoholism.
c. oliguric renal failure.
d. clinical dehydration. - CORRECT ANSWER b. chronic alcoholism
Signs and symptoms of clinical dehydration include
a. decreased urine output.
b. increased skin turgor.
