Biology Proctored Exam Penn Foster
Review 2025 Questions and Answers
Solved
1. Characteristics of living things: ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
Ans> -All are composed of cells
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
2. Levels of Biological Organization ,/ ,/ ,/
Ans>:atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue,or- gan, organ system, organism
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
3. Howareorganismsclassified? Ans>:onthebasisoftheirevolutionary/genetic
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
relat- edness
,/ ,/
4. What is the scientific method?What is it's importance in biological sci-
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
ences? Ans> :Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
bias
,/
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/Wisdoms
,/ ,/
, It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner. The
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
best way to discover how and why the world works
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
5. What is matter? Ans>:Anything that has mass and takes up space
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
6. What is an atom? Ans>: smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
ofanelement.Theycombine toform molecules which then form intoa solid,gasor liquid
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
7. What is the structure of an atom? Ans>:Nucleus in the center that contains protons
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
(positively charged) and neutrons (no charge).The outermost region is called an
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
electron shell that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
8. Whatisanionicbond? Ans>:Achemicalbondthat'sformedwhenanatomtransfers
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
and electron to another Atom
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
9. What is a covalent bond?:Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to have
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
a completed outer shell
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
10. What is a double covalent bond? Ans>:Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
electroms
,/
11. In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? Ans>:Carbon and
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
hydrogen
,/
12. What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
parts? Ans>: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
13. What are the properties of water? Ans>:Its attraction to polar ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
molecules. High-specific heat.
,/ ,/ ,/
Highheatofvaporization. The ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
lower density of ice. High
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
polarity.
,/
14. Carbohydrates:Broken down to glucose to provide energy. ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
15. Whatarethedifferentkindsofcarbs? Ans>:Glucose=monosaccharidethat ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
serves as blood sugar
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/Wisdoms
,/ ,/
, Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in plants Glycogen= ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
stores energy in animals
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
16. Protein:macromoleculethatcontainscarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,andnitrogen; ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
needed by the body for growth and repair
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
17. Lipid:Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
Serve as a long term energy source
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
18. Nucleicacid:macromoleculecontaininghydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,carbon, ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
and phosphorus
,/ ,/
Form DNA which acts to store genetic information
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
19. What is the cell theory?: All living organisms are made up of cells The cell
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms All cells arise
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
from pre-existing cells
,/ ,/ ,/
20. Ribosome:Makes proteins ,/ ,/
21. EndoplasmicReticulum:Acellstructurethatformsamazeofpassagewaysin ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
22. Smooth ER:Makes lipids ,/ ,/ ,/
23. Rough ER:That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes. ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
24. Golgi Apparatus:Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and transports them
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
25. Lysosome:Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
26. Vacuole:Stores food, enzymes and other material ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
27. Mitochondria:Powerhouseofthecell-producesenergyforgrowth,develop- ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
ment and movement
,/ ,/ ,/
28. Nucleus:ApartofthecellcontainingDNAandRNAandresponsibleforgrowth and ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
reproduction
,/
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/Wisdoms ,/ ,/
, 29. Cell wall:A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
support to the cell
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
30. Explain the process of diffusion:: Molecules move from an area of higher
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
concentrationtoanareaoflowerconcentrationuntiltheconcentrationofmolecules is the
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
same at both sites
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
31. Explain the process of osmosis::Water moves fromareasof low solute
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
concentration to areas of high solute concentration
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
32. Describe a basic enzymatic reaction::S+E= P+E ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction S is
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
the substance being changed
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
P is the product of the reaction
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/Wisdoms
,/ ,/
Review 2025 Questions and Answers
Solved
1. Characteristics of living things: ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
Ans> -All are composed of cells
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
2. Levels of Biological Organization ,/ ,/ ,/
Ans>:atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue,or- gan, organ system, organism
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
3. Howareorganismsclassified? Ans>:onthebasisoftheirevolutionary/genetic
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
relat- edness
,/ ,/
4. What is the scientific method?What is it's importance in biological sci-
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
ences? Ans> :Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
bias
,/
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/Wisdoms
,/ ,/
, It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner. The
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
best way to discover how and why the world works
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
5. What is matter? Ans>:Anything that has mass and takes up space
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
6. What is an atom? Ans>: smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
ofanelement.Theycombine toform molecules which then form intoa solid,gasor liquid
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
7. What is the structure of an atom? Ans>:Nucleus in the center that contains protons
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
(positively charged) and neutrons (no charge).The outermost region is called an
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
electron shell that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
8. Whatisanionicbond? Ans>:Achemicalbondthat'sformedwhenanatomtransfers
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
and electron to another Atom
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
9. What is a covalent bond?:Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to have
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
a completed outer shell
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
10. What is a double covalent bond? Ans>:Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
electroms
,/
11. In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? Ans>:Carbon and
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
hydrogen
,/
12. What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
parts? Ans>: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
13. What are the properties of water? Ans>:Its attraction to polar ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
molecules. High-specific heat.
,/ ,/ ,/
Highheatofvaporization. The ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
lower density of ice. High
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
polarity.
,/
14. Carbohydrates:Broken down to glucose to provide energy. ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
15. Whatarethedifferentkindsofcarbs? Ans>:Glucose=monosaccharidethat ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
serves as blood sugar
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/Wisdoms
,/ ,/
, Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in plants Glycogen= ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
stores energy in animals
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
16. Protein:macromoleculethatcontainscarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,andnitrogen; ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
needed by the body for growth and repair
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
17. Lipid:Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
Serve as a long term energy source
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
18. Nucleicacid:macromoleculecontaininghydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,carbon, ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
and phosphorus
,/ ,/
Form DNA which acts to store genetic information
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
19. What is the cell theory?: All living organisms are made up of cells The cell
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms All cells arise
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
from pre-existing cells
,/ ,/ ,/
20. Ribosome:Makes proteins ,/ ,/
21. EndoplasmicReticulum:Acellstructurethatformsamazeofpassagewaysin ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
22. Smooth ER:Makes lipids ,/ ,/ ,/
23. Rough ER:That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes. ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
24. Golgi Apparatus:Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and transports them
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
25. Lysosome:Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
26. Vacuole:Stores food, enzymes and other material ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
27. Mitochondria:Powerhouseofthecell-producesenergyforgrowth,develop- ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
ment and movement
,/ ,/ ,/
28. Nucleus:ApartofthecellcontainingDNAandRNAandresponsibleforgrowth and ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
reproduction
,/
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/Wisdoms ,/ ,/
, 29. Cell wall:A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
support to the cell
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
30. Explain the process of diffusion:: Molecules move from an area of higher
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
concentrationtoanareaoflowerconcentrationuntiltheconcentrationofmolecules is the
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
same at both sites
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
31. Explain the process of osmosis::Water moves fromareasof low solute
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
concentration to areas of high solute concentration
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
32. Describe a basic enzymatic reaction::S+E= P+E ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction S is
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
the substance being changed
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
P is the product of the reaction
,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/Wisdoms
,/ ,/
