PPNC Exam 2 Questions and Answers Already Graded
factors that commonly affect urinary elimination
Ans: Renal diseases, liquid intake, age, medications
urinary retention
Ans: inability to empty bladder partially or completely
can be due to blockage, muscle issues, Habits, surgery, medications, trauma
may result in urinary leakage
urinary retention test
Ans: bladder scan / ultrasound with PVR
urinary tract infection (UTI)
Ans: infection in the urine
Risk factors - catheter (catheter-associated uti - CAUTI)
Symptoms - polyuria, painful urination, blood in urine, cloudy urine, confusion, fatigue decrease
appetite, fever
Most common HAI
UTI most commonly caused by
Ans: e.coli due to stool and wiping back to front
UTI test
Ans: Test: urinalysis and culture/sensitivity
transient urinary incontinence
Ans: reversible - caused by medical condition, anesthesia, narcotics, etc
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,urinary incontinence
Ans: Not able to control pee, lack of bladder control
functional urinary incontinence
Ans: caused by Mobility concerns, environmental barriers, sensory and cognitive impairment
overflow urinary incontinence
Ans: Bladder so full it starts leaking, elevated PVR (post void residual - They went to bathroom and
bladder scan, there is still a lot of urine there, didnt empty urine fully)
stress urinary incontinence
Ans: involuntary discharge of urine during coughing, straining, or sudden movements
happens when walking, exercising, moving too quick, laughing - women who have had kids can have
this
reflex urinary incontinence
Ans: caused by spinal cord injury
urine culture
Ans: identifies microorganism in a urine sample and the specific antibiotic that will treat it
Needs to be as clean as possible
Clean perineal area very well from labia majora to labia minora to middle
Catch urine midstream by peeing then stopping and sliding cup under and peeing again
urine dipstick
Ans: test that measures glucose, ketones, protein, leukocytes and other substances in the urine
looks for blood in urine too
urinalysis
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, Ans: provides information about the concentration and pH of the urine as well as the presence of
protein, glucose, ketones, microorganisms and other elements
creatine clearance test
Ans: measure of kidney function that examines the rate of creatine excreted in the urine
renal ultrasound
Ans: assess the size, shape, and location of the kidneys and bladder
kidney function blood tests
Ans: checks BUN, creatinine, and BUN/creatinine ratio - all indicators of kidney function
cues associated with altered urinary elimination
Ans: anesthesia, medication side effects, surgery, immobility, IV, supine position, palpate distended
bladder
ways to promote normal urination
Ans: privacy, running water, hands in warm water, place urinal close by, assist if able to stand
important tests for CAUTI/UTI
Ans: Urinalysis and culture/sensitivity
CAUTI
Ans: catheter associated urinary tract infection
prevent UTI
Ans: proper hygiene of perineal area and catheter. (always clean clean to dirty)
fluid volume deficit
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
factors that commonly affect urinary elimination
Ans: Renal diseases, liquid intake, age, medications
urinary retention
Ans: inability to empty bladder partially or completely
can be due to blockage, muscle issues, Habits, surgery, medications, trauma
may result in urinary leakage
urinary retention test
Ans: bladder scan / ultrasound with PVR
urinary tract infection (UTI)
Ans: infection in the urine
Risk factors - catheter (catheter-associated uti - CAUTI)
Symptoms - polyuria, painful urination, blood in urine, cloudy urine, confusion, fatigue decrease
appetite, fever
Most common HAI
UTI most commonly caused by
Ans: e.coli due to stool and wiping back to front
UTI test
Ans: Test: urinalysis and culture/sensitivity
transient urinary incontinence
Ans: reversible - caused by medical condition, anesthesia, narcotics, etc
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
,urinary incontinence
Ans: Not able to control pee, lack of bladder control
functional urinary incontinence
Ans: caused by Mobility concerns, environmental barriers, sensory and cognitive impairment
overflow urinary incontinence
Ans: Bladder so full it starts leaking, elevated PVR (post void residual - They went to bathroom and
bladder scan, there is still a lot of urine there, didnt empty urine fully)
stress urinary incontinence
Ans: involuntary discharge of urine during coughing, straining, or sudden movements
happens when walking, exercising, moving too quick, laughing - women who have had kids can have
this
reflex urinary incontinence
Ans: caused by spinal cord injury
urine culture
Ans: identifies microorganism in a urine sample and the specific antibiotic that will treat it
Needs to be as clean as possible
Clean perineal area very well from labia majora to labia minora to middle
Catch urine midstream by peeing then stopping and sliding cup under and peeing again
urine dipstick
Ans: test that measures glucose, ketones, protein, leukocytes and other substances in the urine
looks for blood in urine too
urinalysis
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
, Ans: provides information about the concentration and pH of the urine as well as the presence of
protein, glucose, ketones, microorganisms and other elements
creatine clearance test
Ans: measure of kidney function that examines the rate of creatine excreted in the urine
renal ultrasound
Ans: assess the size, shape, and location of the kidneys and bladder
kidney function blood tests
Ans: checks BUN, creatinine, and BUN/creatinine ratio - all indicators of kidney function
cues associated with altered urinary elimination
Ans: anesthesia, medication side effects, surgery, immobility, IV, supine position, palpate distended
bladder
ways to promote normal urination
Ans: privacy, running water, hands in warm water, place urinal close by, assist if able to stand
important tests for CAUTI/UTI
Ans: Urinalysis and culture/sensitivity
CAUTI
Ans: catheter associated urinary tract infection
prevent UTI
Ans: proper hygiene of perineal area and catheter. (always clean clean to dirty)
fluid volume deficit
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
