100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached 4.2 TrustPilot
logo-home
Summary

Samenvatting deel cytologie

Rating
4.0
(2)
Sold
4
Pages
48
Uploaded on
10-11-2020
Written in
2020/2021

samenvatting van het boek Cytologie & histologie. Bevat enkel het eerste deel: Cytologie (hoofdstuk 1-8) (pg 1-172) samengevoegd met de online lessen van het jaar

Institution
Course











Whoops! We can’t load your doc right now. Try again or contact support.

Connected book

Written for

Institution
Study
Course

Document information

Summarized whole book?
No
Which chapters are summarized?
Deel 1: cytologie
Uploaded on
November 10, 2020
Number of pages
48
Written in
2020/2021
Type
Summary

Subjects

Content preview

INHOUDSTAFEL CYTOLOGIE
Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................................................5

1. CELAFMETINGEN ........................................................................................................................................................................5
2. CELVORM .................................................................................................................................................................................5
3. CELBOUW .................................................................................................................................................................................5

Hoofdstuk 1: Celmembraan ......................................................................................................................................................6

1. STRUCTUUR...............................................................................................................................................................................6
1.1. Lipiden ...........................................................................................................................................................................6
1.2. Eiwitten..........................................................................................................................................................................6
1.3. Glucocalyx......................................................................................................................................................................6
2. SPECIALE VORMEN VAN HET CELMEMBRAAN ....................................................................................................................................7
2.1. Aan de exracellulaire ruimte: microvilli en cilia .............................................................................................................7
2.2. Aan de intercellulaire ruimte: celjuncties, junctionele complexen ................................................................................8
3. TRANSPORT DOOR HET CELMEMBRAAN ...........................................................................................................................................9
3.1. Diffusie...........................................................................................................................................................................9
3.2. De rol van transporteiwitten .........................................................................................................................................9
3.3. Endocytose en exocytose .............................................................................................................................................10
3.3.1. Endocytose............................................................................................................................................................................. 10
3.3.2. Exocytose ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.4. Osmose ........................................................................................................................................................................11
3.4.1. Hypertoon .............................................................................................................................................................................. 11
3.4.2. Isotoon ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.4.3. Hypotoon ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11
4. MEMBRAANPOTENTIAAL............................................................................................................................................................12
4.1. Rustmembraanpotentiaal Em.......................................................................................................................................12
4.1.1. Na+/K+-atp-ase pompactiviteit ............................................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.2. Membraanpermeabiliteit voor ionen .................................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.3. Verschil in samenstelling tussen ECV en ICV .......................................................................................................................... 12
4.2. De actiepotentiaal .......................................................................................................................................................13
4.2.1. Fasen ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.2.2. Kenmerken van de actiepotentiaal ........................................................................................................................................ 14
4.2.3. Ontstaan van de actiepotentiaal ............................................................................................................................................ 14
4.2.4. Effect van een actiepotentiaal op de celfunctie ..................................................................................................................... 14
4.3. Potentiaalberekeningen ..............................................................................................................................................15
4.3.1. Berekenen van de verschillende evenwichtspotentialen in een levende cel ......................................................................... 15
5. INTERCELLULAIRE COMMUNICATIE ...............................................................................................................................................16
5.1. Structuur van een receptor ..........................................................................................................................................17
5.2. Hormoon-receptorbinding en interacties met DNA .....................................................................................................17

,Hoofdstuk 2: De cytoplasmatische organellen ........................................................................................................................18

1. HET ENDOPLASMATISCH RETICULUM ............................................................................................................................................18
1.1. Het ruw endoplasmatisch reticulum (RER) ..................................................................................................................18
1.2. Het glad endoplasmatisch reticulum (GER) .................................................................................................................18
1.3. Ribosomen en polysomen ............................................................................................................................................19
1.4. Anulate lamellae..........................................................................................................................................................19
1.5. Sarcoplasmatisch reticulum.........................................................................................................................................19
2. HET GOLGI-APPARAAT ...............................................................................................................................................................20
2.1. Structuur ......................................................................................................................................................................20
2.2. Functie van het golgi-apparaat ...................................................................................................................................20
3. MITOCHONDRIËN .....................................................................................................................................................................21
3.1. Structuur ......................................................................................................................................................................21
3.2. Functie .........................................................................................................................................................................21
4. CYTOSOMEN............................................................................................................................................................................22
4.1. Lysosomen ...................................................................................................................................................................22
4.1.1. Primaire lysosomen................................................................................................................................................................ 22
4.1.2. Secundaire lysosomen ........................................................................................................................................................... 22
4.2. Peroxysomen ...............................................................................................................................................................22
5. MICROTUBULI..........................................................................................................................................................................22
5.1. Bouw ............................................................................................................................................................................22
5.2. Voorkomen ..................................................................................................................................................................23
5.3. Rol ................................................................................................................................................................................23
6. FILAMENTEN EN FIBRILLEN..........................................................................................................................................................23
6.1. Bouw ............................................................................................................................................................................23
6.2. Voorkomen ..................................................................................................................................................................23
6.3. Rol ................................................................................................................................................................................23
7. CENTROSOOM EN CENTRIOLEN ....................................................................................................................................................24
7.1. Bouw ............................................................................................................................................................................24
7.2. Voorkomen ..................................................................................................................................................................24
7.3. Rol ................................................................................................................................................................................24
8. PIGMENTKORRELS ....................................................................................................................................................................24
8.1. Lipofuscines .................................................................................................................................................................24
8.2. Melanines ....................................................................................................................................................................25
8.3. Hemoglobinogenen .....................................................................................................................................................25
9. GLYCOGEEN ............................................................................................................................................................................25
10. VETTEN ..............................................................................................................................................................................25

Hoofdstuk 3: De celkern ..........................................................................................................................................................26

1. DE KERNENVELOPPE ..................................................................................................................................................................26
2. HET KERNCHROMATINE .............................................................................................................................................................26
3. DE NUCLEOLUS ........................................................................................................................................................................27
4. EXTRACHROMOSOMAAL DNA ......................................................................................................................................................27
4.1. Organellen in het cytoplasma ......................................................................................................................................27
4.2. Plasmiden en recombinant-dna...................................................................................................................................27

,Hoofdstuk 4: De cel gestuurd vanuit de kern – de eiwitsynthese ............................................................................................28

1. DE STRUCTUUR VAN EEN GEN......................................................................................................................................................28
2. DE HYPOTHESE VAN ÉÉN GEN OF ÉÉN ENZYM ..................................................................................................................................29
3. DE SYNTHESE VAN EIWITTEN .......................................................................................................................................................29
3.1. Transcriptie van DNA naar mRNA ...............................................................................................................................29
3.2. Eiwitsynthese op de ribosomen ...................................................................................................................................29
3.3. De genetische code ......................................................................................................................................................29
3.4. De translatie met tRNA................................................................................................................................................30
3.5. Het afbakenen van de code .........................................................................................................................................30
3.5.1. Hoe leest een ribosoom elk codon af? ................................................................................................................................... 30
3.5.2. Hoe wordt het einde van een boodschap aangegeven? ........................................................................................................ 30
3.6. Het model in zijn geheel ..............................................................................................................................................30

Hoofdstuk 5: Energetische omzettingen in de cel ....................................................................................................................31

1. INLEIDING ...............................................................................................................................................................................31
2. ANAEROBE DISSIMILATIE ............................................................................................................................................................31
2.1. Systeem I: het creatinefosfaatsysteem ........................................................................................................................31
2.2. Systeem II: het lactische-anaerobe systeem ................................................................................................................31
3. AEROBE DISSIMILATIE ................................................................................................................................................................32
3.1. Een afbraak in fasen ....................................................................................................................................................32
3.1.1. Fase II: decarboxylering ......................................................................................................................................................... 32
3.1.2. Fase III: citroenzuurcylcus ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
3.1.3. Fase IV: overdracht van elektronen aan zuurstof .................................................................................................................. 33
3.2. De energievoorziening in het algemeen ......................................................................................................................33
4. DE ENERGIEVOORZIENING VAN VETTEN EN EIWITTEN .......................................................................................................................33
5. DE MITOCHONDRIËN ALS ENERGIECENTRALE ..................................................................................................................................33

Hoofdstuk 6: Celgroei en celdeling ..........................................................................................................................................34

1. INLEIDING ...............................................................................................................................................................................34
2. DE CELCYCLUS..........................................................................................................................................................................34
2.1. De G1-periode of eerste groeiperiode ..........................................................................................................................34
2.2. De S-periode of syntheseperiode .................................................................................................................................34
2.3. De G2-periode of tweede groeiperiode ........................................................................................................................34
2.4. M-fase of de eigenlijke celdelingsfase .........................................................................................................................35
2.4.1. Mitose of vermenigvuldigingsdeling ..................................................................................................................................... 35
2.4.2. Meiose of reductiedeling ....................................................................................................................................................... 36
2.4.3. Verschillen tussen mitose en meiose 1 .................................................................................................................................. 37

, Hoofdstuk 7: Embryologie .......................................................................................................................................................38

1. BEVRUCHTING .........................................................................................................................................................................38
1.1. Fase I: penetratie van de corona radiata.....................................................................................................................38
1.2. Fase II: penetratie van de zona pellucida ....................................................................................................................38
1.3. Fase III: fusie van de celmembranen van de oôcyt en het spermatozoön ...................................................................38
2. EMBRYONALE ONTWIKKELING .....................................................................................................................................................39
2.1. De eerste klievingen ....................................................................................................................................................39
2.2. De latere embyonale stadia .........................................................................................................................................39
2.2.1. Postembryonale ontwikkeling................................................................................................................................................ 40
2.2.2. Veroudering en dood ............................................................................................................................................................. 40
2.3. Apoptose en necrose ...................................................................................................................................................40
3. NA DE GEBOORTE .....................................................................................................................................................................40
3.1. Differentiatie ...............................................................................................................................................................41
3.1.1. De klievingen .......................................................................................................................................................................... 41
3.1.2. Weefselinteracties ................................................................................................................................................................. 41
3.1.3. Organisatoren en inductiestoffen .......................................................................................................................................... 41
3.1.4. Hormonen .............................................................................................................................................................................. 41
3.2. Dedifferentiatie ...........................................................................................................................................................42

Hoofdstuk 8: Genetica ............................................................................................................................................................43

1. INLEIDING ...............................................................................................................................................................................43
2. MONOHYBRIDE OVERERVING ......................................................................................................................................................43
2.1. De experimenten van Mendel......................................................................................................................................43
2.2. Conclusies ....................................................................................................................................................................43
2.3. Hedendaagse inzichten................................................................................................................................................43
3. DIHYBRIDE EN TRIHYBRIDE OVERERVING ........................................................................................................................................44
3.1. De verdeling over de nakomelingen ............................................................................................................................44
3.2. Dihybride kruising ........................................................................................................................................................44
3.3. Trihybride kruising .......................................................................................................................................................45
4. INTERACTIES TUSSEN GENEN .......................................................................................................................................................45
5. POLYMORFISME .......................................................................................................................................................................45
5.1. Hemoglobine ...............................................................................................................................................................45
5.2. Bloedgroepen ..............................................................................................................................................................46
6. COMPLICERENDE FACTOREN .......................................................................................................................................................46
7. ERFELIKHEID EN MILIEU ..............................................................................................................................................................46
8. GENETISCHE VARIANTIE EN MILIEUMATIGE VARIANTIE ......................................................................................................................47
9. VERANDERINGEN IN DE GENEN ....................................................................................................................................................47
10. VERANDERINGEN IN DE CHROMOSOMEN ...................................................................................................................................47
10.1. Structurele veranderingen .......................................................................................................................................47
10.2. Veranderingen in aantal ..........................................................................................................................................47
11. ‘GESLACHTSGEBONDEN’ ERFELIJKHEID .......................................................................................................................................48
12. GESLACHTSBEPALING ............................................................................................................................................................48
13. HETEROSOMALE EIGENSCHAPPEN ............................................................................................................................................48
14. KOPPELING VAN GENEN .........................................................................................................................................................48
14.1. Op chromosomaal niveau ........................................................................................................................................48
14.2. Chromosoomkaarten ...............................................................................................................................................48
$8.38
Get access to the full document:

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached


Also available in package deal

Reviews from verified buyers

Showing all 2 reviews
3 year ago

3 year ago

4.0

2 reviews

5
0
4
2
3
0
2
0
1
0
Trustworthy reviews on Stuvia

All reviews are made by real Stuvia users after verified purchases.

Get to know the seller

Seller avatar
Reputation scores are based on the amount of documents a seller has sold for a fee and the reviews they have received for those documents. There are three levels: Bronze, Silver and Gold. The better the reputation, the more your can rely on the quality of the sellers work.
marievp2002 Katholieke Hogeschool Leuven
Follow You need to be logged in order to follow users or courses
Sold
100
Member since
6 year
Number of followers
50
Documents
28
Last sold
1 week ago

3.8

9 reviews

5
4
4
3
3
0
2
0
1
2

Why students choose Stuvia

Created by fellow students, verified by reviews

Quality you can trust: written by students who passed their tests and reviewed by others who've used these notes.

Didn't get what you expected? Choose another document

No worries! You can instantly pick a different document that better fits what you're looking for.

Pay as you like, start learning right away

No subscription, no commitments. Pay the way you're used to via credit card and download your PDF document instantly.

Student with book image

“Bought, downloaded, and aced it. It really can be that simple.”

Alisha Student

Frequently asked questions