CMN 548 MODULE 3 Questions with Correct
Answers
What is imprinting?✔✔learning during a particular early stage characterized by rapid acquisition
and resistance to extinction.
What is the attachment theory?✔✔-John Bowlby applied ethological principles to his theory of
attachment.
-Attachment between an infant and caregiver can insure the infant's survival through species-
specific behavioral patterns.
-Includes Piagetian concept of schemas to the connection of an infant's attachment behaviors
What is Piaget's theory of cognitive development?✔✔Children "construct" their understanding
of the world through their active involvement and interactions:
"Constructivist structuralism"; action takes precedent over language.
The child as an active constructor of his/her own knowledge.
Piaget's cognitive development stages:✔✔-Sensori-motor (Ages birth - 2):
the infant uses his senses and motor abilities to understand the world.
-Preoperation (Ages 2-7):
the child uses mental representations of objects and is able to use symbolic thought and
language.
,-Concrete operations (Ages 7-11):
the child uses logical operations or principles when solving problems.
-Formal operations (Ages 12 up)
the use of logical operations in a systematic fashion and with the ability to use abstractions.
Schema:✔✔perceptual-motor behavior of infants
(e.g., grasping reflex)
Reflective (formal) abstraction:✔✔leads to the formation of cognitive structures; the content of
knowledge.
Simple abstraction:✔✔such as the ability todiscriminate a triangle from a circle.
Vygotsky's Socio-Cultural Theory:✔✔-Agreed that children are active learners, but their
knowledge is socially constructed.
-Cultural values and customs dictate what is important to learn.
-Children learn from more expert members of the society.
-Vygotsky described the "zone of proximal development", where learning occurs.
WHAT IS PSYCHOTHERAPY?✔✔•A process of therapeutic engagement
, •A therapy meant to alleviate suffering and grief, help relieve existing symptoms
•A growth experience encouraged through a structured method and therapeutic relationship
•A method to regain equilibrium and achieve improved methods of coping and adaptation to
life
•A complex interpersonal and intrapersonal phenomenon that fosters improved social
relationships and social support
What are some examples for different types of
psychotherapy?✔✔•Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic (such as Freudian, Jungian, Rogerian)
•Behavioral
•Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy & Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and subsequent
derivatives, such as Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing
•Biofeedback
•Humanistic
•Supportive Psychotherapy
•Play Therapy for children (various derivatives from the models mentioned above)
What are Freud's stages of psychosexual development?✔✔Oral, Anal, Oedipal, Latency, Genital
•A psychosexual theory based on these stages and emphasizing the interaction of the Id (basic
impulses/instincts), Superego (moral force within) and Ego (the balancing force between the
Ego and Superego)
What is psychoanalysis?✔✔•Use of the couch for therapy so that the therapist can engage in
"free association" without the interference of looking at the analyst; sessions usually 3-4 days
per week, from 3-5 years or more
Answers
What is imprinting?✔✔learning during a particular early stage characterized by rapid acquisition
and resistance to extinction.
What is the attachment theory?✔✔-John Bowlby applied ethological principles to his theory of
attachment.
-Attachment between an infant and caregiver can insure the infant's survival through species-
specific behavioral patterns.
-Includes Piagetian concept of schemas to the connection of an infant's attachment behaviors
What is Piaget's theory of cognitive development?✔✔Children "construct" their understanding
of the world through their active involvement and interactions:
"Constructivist structuralism"; action takes precedent over language.
The child as an active constructor of his/her own knowledge.
Piaget's cognitive development stages:✔✔-Sensori-motor (Ages birth - 2):
the infant uses his senses and motor abilities to understand the world.
-Preoperation (Ages 2-7):
the child uses mental representations of objects and is able to use symbolic thought and
language.
,-Concrete operations (Ages 7-11):
the child uses logical operations or principles when solving problems.
-Formal operations (Ages 12 up)
the use of logical operations in a systematic fashion and with the ability to use abstractions.
Schema:✔✔perceptual-motor behavior of infants
(e.g., grasping reflex)
Reflective (formal) abstraction:✔✔leads to the formation of cognitive structures; the content of
knowledge.
Simple abstraction:✔✔such as the ability todiscriminate a triangle from a circle.
Vygotsky's Socio-Cultural Theory:✔✔-Agreed that children are active learners, but their
knowledge is socially constructed.
-Cultural values and customs dictate what is important to learn.
-Children learn from more expert members of the society.
-Vygotsky described the "zone of proximal development", where learning occurs.
WHAT IS PSYCHOTHERAPY?✔✔•A process of therapeutic engagement
, •A therapy meant to alleviate suffering and grief, help relieve existing symptoms
•A growth experience encouraged through a structured method and therapeutic relationship
•A method to regain equilibrium and achieve improved methods of coping and adaptation to
life
•A complex interpersonal and intrapersonal phenomenon that fosters improved social
relationships and social support
What are some examples for different types of
psychotherapy?✔✔•Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic (such as Freudian, Jungian, Rogerian)
•Behavioral
•Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy & Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and subsequent
derivatives, such as Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing
•Biofeedback
•Humanistic
•Supportive Psychotherapy
•Play Therapy for children (various derivatives from the models mentioned above)
What are Freud's stages of psychosexual development?✔✔Oral, Anal, Oedipal, Latency, Genital
•A psychosexual theory based on these stages and emphasizing the interaction of the Id (basic
impulses/instincts), Superego (moral force within) and Ego (the balancing force between the
Ego and Superego)
What is psychoanalysis?✔✔•Use of the couch for therapy so that the therapist can engage in
"free association" without the interference of looking at the analyst; sessions usually 3-4 days
per week, from 3-5 years or more
