Nur 641 E Final Exam Study Guide Grand Canyon University |2025-2026
LATEST UPDATED| 185 REAL EXAM AND COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | 100% RATED CORRECT | 100% VERFIED | ALREADY
GRADED A+
1. Pharmacokinetics involves which four primary processes?
A. Absorption, Biotransformation, Interaction, Elimination
B. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
C. Activation, Delivery, Metabolism, Excretion
D. Acquisition, Distribution, Modification, Elimination
These are commonly called ADME.
2. Which route of administration has the highest bioavailability?
A. Oral
B. Intramuscular
C. Intravenous
D. Subcutaneous
IV bypasses absorption and first-pass metabolism.
3. What is the definition of steady state concentration?
,A. Drug levels peak after single dose
B. Steady elimination exceeds absorption
C. Achieved after 4–5 half-lives when intake equals elimination
D. Surpasses maximum safe plasma level
Once absorption and elimination rates balance.
4. The half-life of a drug refers to:
A. The time for plasma levels to drop by 25%
B. Duration until 50% of initial drug is cleared
C. Delay before drug absorption begins
D. Frequency for receptor downregulation
Useful in dosing frequency and toxicity predictions.
5. Zero-order kinetics are defined by:
A. Drug eliminated faster at higher doses
B. Rate decreases as plasma levels drop
C. Constant amount eliminated per time unit regardless of dose
D. First-pass metabolism only
• e.g. aspirin in overdose cases
,6. Which enzyme system is involved in metabolism of ~50% of all drugs and is commonly
inhibited by grapefruit juice?
A. CYP1A2
B. CYP2D6
C. CYP3A4
D. CYP2C9
Grapefruit juice inhibition increases risk of drug toxicity.
7. Which correctly lists the six main phases of drug development?
A. Research → Phase 1 → Phase 2 → Phase 3 → FDA review → Post-market surveillance
B. Laboratory → Animal trial → Phase 1 → Phase 2 → Phase 3 → Market-release
C. Research → Animal testing → Phase 3 → Phase 2 → FDA approval → Recall
D. Discovery → Safety trials → Efficacy trials → IND → NDA → Launch
Includes both preclinical and post-market oversight steps.
8. What is an adverse drug reaction (ADR)?
A. Unintended symptom intentionally sought after
B. Desirable pharmacologic effect
C. Undesirable reaction accompanying the pharmacologic effect
D. Superiority response in resistant pathogen
Usually pharmacologic (85–90%), sometimes idiosyncratic.
, 9. A drug ending in "-pril" (like lisinopril) belongs to which class, and what serious side
effect may necessitate discontinuation?
A. ARB—hyperkalemia
B. ACE inhibitor—angioedema
C. Beta-blocker—bradycardia
D. Diuretic—hyponatremia
ACE inhibitors frequently cause cough or angioedema.
10. Which agency is responsible for post-market drug safety initiatives in the United
States?
A. Joint Commission
B. Institute of Safe Medication Practices
C. Institute of Medicine
D. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
FDA oversees drug recalls and adverse event monitoring.
bsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion - (answer)Pharmacokinetics involves
absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly in the blood plasma -
(answer)Pharmacokinetic absorption
LATEST UPDATED| 185 REAL EXAM AND COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | 100% RATED CORRECT | 100% VERFIED | ALREADY
GRADED A+
1. Pharmacokinetics involves which four primary processes?
A. Absorption, Biotransformation, Interaction, Elimination
B. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
C. Activation, Delivery, Metabolism, Excretion
D. Acquisition, Distribution, Modification, Elimination
These are commonly called ADME.
2. Which route of administration has the highest bioavailability?
A. Oral
B. Intramuscular
C. Intravenous
D. Subcutaneous
IV bypasses absorption and first-pass metabolism.
3. What is the definition of steady state concentration?
,A. Drug levels peak after single dose
B. Steady elimination exceeds absorption
C. Achieved after 4–5 half-lives when intake equals elimination
D. Surpasses maximum safe plasma level
Once absorption and elimination rates balance.
4. The half-life of a drug refers to:
A. The time for plasma levels to drop by 25%
B. Duration until 50% of initial drug is cleared
C. Delay before drug absorption begins
D. Frequency for receptor downregulation
Useful in dosing frequency and toxicity predictions.
5. Zero-order kinetics are defined by:
A. Drug eliminated faster at higher doses
B. Rate decreases as plasma levels drop
C. Constant amount eliminated per time unit regardless of dose
D. First-pass metabolism only
• e.g. aspirin in overdose cases
,6. Which enzyme system is involved in metabolism of ~50% of all drugs and is commonly
inhibited by grapefruit juice?
A. CYP1A2
B. CYP2D6
C. CYP3A4
D. CYP2C9
Grapefruit juice inhibition increases risk of drug toxicity.
7. Which correctly lists the six main phases of drug development?
A. Research → Phase 1 → Phase 2 → Phase 3 → FDA review → Post-market surveillance
B. Laboratory → Animal trial → Phase 1 → Phase 2 → Phase 3 → Market-release
C. Research → Animal testing → Phase 3 → Phase 2 → FDA approval → Recall
D. Discovery → Safety trials → Efficacy trials → IND → NDA → Launch
Includes both preclinical and post-market oversight steps.
8. What is an adverse drug reaction (ADR)?
A. Unintended symptom intentionally sought after
B. Desirable pharmacologic effect
C. Undesirable reaction accompanying the pharmacologic effect
D. Superiority response in resistant pathogen
Usually pharmacologic (85–90%), sometimes idiosyncratic.
, 9. A drug ending in "-pril" (like lisinopril) belongs to which class, and what serious side
effect may necessitate discontinuation?
A. ARB—hyperkalemia
B. ACE inhibitor—angioedema
C. Beta-blocker—bradycardia
D. Diuretic—hyponatremia
ACE inhibitors frequently cause cough or angioedema.
10. Which agency is responsible for post-market drug safety initiatives in the United
States?
A. Joint Commission
B. Institute of Safe Medication Practices
C. Institute of Medicine
D. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
FDA oversees drug recalls and adverse event monitoring.
bsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion - (answer)Pharmacokinetics involves
absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly in the blood plasma -
(answer)Pharmacokinetic absorption
