TEST BANK For Human Development: A Life-
v v v v v v
Span View 9th Edition
v v v
By Robert V. Kail; John C. Cavanaugh Chapters 1 -
v v v v v v v v v
v 16 Complete and verified answers
v
,Table Of Contents
v v
1. ThevStudyvofvHumanvDevelopment.
PartvI:vPRENATALvDEVELOPMENT,vINFANCY,vANDvEARLYvCHILDHOOD.
2. BiologicalvFoundations:vHeredity,vPrenatalvDevelopment,vandvBirth.
3. ToolsvforvExploringvthevWorld:vPhysical,vPerceptual,vandvMotorvDevelopment.
4. ThevEmergencevofvThoughtvandvLanguage:vCognitivevDevelopmentvinvInfancyvandvEarlyvChildhood.
5. EnteringvthevSocialvWorld:vSocioemotionalvDevelopmentvinvInfancyvandvEarlyvChildhood.
PartvII:vSCHOOL-AGEvCHILDRENvANDvADOLESCENTS.
6. OffvtovSchool:vCognitivevandvPhysicalvDevelopmentvinvMiddlevChildhood.
7. ExpandingvSocialvHorizons:vSocioemotionalvDevelopmentvinvMiddlevChildhood.
8. RitesvofvPassage:vPhysicalvandvCognitivevDevelopmentvinvAdolescence.
9. MovingvIntovthevAdultvSocialvWorld:vSocioemotionalvDevelopmentvinvAdolescence.
PartvIII:vYOUNGvANDvMIDDLEvADULTHOOD.
10. BecomingvanvAdult:vPhysical,vCognitive,vandvPersonalityvDevelopmentvinvYoungvAdulthood.
11. BeingvWithvOthers:vFormingvRelationshipsvinvYoungvandvMiddlevAdulthood.
12. Work,vLeisure,vandvRetirement.
13. MakingvItvinvMidlife:vThevBiopsychosocialvChallengesvofvMiddlevAdulthood.
PartvIV:vLATEvADULTHOOD.
14. ThevPersonalvContextvofvLatervLife:vPhysical,vCognitive,vandvMentalvHealthvIssues.
15. SocialvAspectsvofvLatervLife:vPsychosocial,vRetirement,vRelationship,vandvSocietalvIssues.
16. ThevFinalvPassage:vDyingvandvBereavement.
, 1. The Study of Human Development.
v v v v
Thevscientificvstudyvofvhumanvdevelopmentvcanvbestvbevdescribedvas
ANSWER:a.vmultidisciplinary
b. focusedvonvgroupsvrathervthanvindividuals
c. non-theoretical
d. emphasizingv stabilityv overv change
2. Whichvtermvdoesvnotvbelongvinvthisvgroup?
a. experiential
b. nurture
c. environmental
ANSWER:d.vhereditary
3. Dr.vKimvtakesvavstrongvnaturevpositionvwithvregardvtovthevoriginsvofvintellectualv
disabilities.vTherefore,vshevwouldvmostvlikelyvhypothesizevthatvhervson’svintellectuv
alvdisabilityv(formallyvknownvasvmentalvretardation)visvduevto
a.v hervparentingv style
ANSWER:b.vhisvgenes
c.v hisvexposurevtovavtoxicv chemicalvpriorvtovbirth
d.v hisv exposurev tov Rubellav priorvtov birth
4. Thevnotionvthatvdevelopmentvisvbestvdescribedvinvtermsvofvavseriesvofvabruptvsv
hiftsvinvbehaviorvbestvfitsvwithvthev approach.
a. nature
b. nurture
c. continuity
ANSWER:d.v discontinuity
5. Cleo,vavdirectorvofvavdaycare,vusesvtermsvlikev“pre-K,”v“K-3,”vandvthev“upper-
elevmentary.”vThesevideasvarevmostvcompatiblevwithvav view.
a. context-specificity
b. hereditary
, c. continuity
ANSWER:d.v discontinuity
6. Dr.vFletchervisvattemptingvtovdeterminevwhethervadultvcriminalsvwerevrule-
breakversvthroughoutvtheirvchildhoodvorvwhethervtheyvsuddenlyvturnedvtovavlifevofvcri
me.vHervresearchvisvmostvconcernedvwithvwhichvissuevofvhumanvdevelopment?
a. naturev versusv nurture
b. universalv versusv context-specificv development
c. biologicalv versusv socioculturalv forces
ANSWER:d.v continuityv versusv discontinuity
7. Mustafavisvinterestedvinvdeterminingv whethervchildrenvdevelopvvirtuallyvthevsav
mevwayvinvAlgeriavasvtheyvdovinvothervpartsvofvthevworld.vMustafa’svresearchvdealsv
primarilyv withv the issuevofvhumanvdevelopment.
a.vpsychologicalvversusvbiologicalvforces
ANSWER:b.v universalv versusv context-specificv development
c.vnaturevversusvnurture
d.v continuityv versusv discontinuity
8. WhenvClarissevsays,v“Itvdoesn’tvmattervifvtheyvarevFrench,vSwedish,vorvChinese,v
kidsvarevkids,”vshevisvespousingva positionv concerningv humanv development.
a.vdiscontinuous
ANSWER:b.vuniversal
c.vnurture
d.vcontext-specific
9. Vivianav noticesv thatv childrenv seemv tov maturev sociallyv muchv fasterv inv Costav Ricv
avthanvinvthevCanada.vVivianavisvmostvlikelyvtovsupportvavpositionvregardingvhvuma
nvdevelopment.
a. nature
b. discontinuous
ANSWER:c.vcontext-specific
, d.vcontinuous
10. Lottevisvlisteningvtovavlecturevinvwhichvhervprofessorvstates,v“Geneticvandvcultv
uralvfactorsvarevimportant,vbutvtheyvalonevcannotvexplainvthevdevelopmentvofvhumv
anvbeings.”vLotte’svprofessorvseemsvtovbevsupportingvthe
ANSWER:a.v biopsychosocialv framework
b. positionv thatv developmentv isv continuous
c. notionvofvuniversality
d. conceptvofvdiscontinuity
11. BecausevDr.vBryantvisvinterestedvinvresearchingvhowvpeoplevofvdifferentvagesv
arevaffectedvbyvevents,v itvwouldvbevmostvaccuratevtovsayvthatvDr.vBryantvisvmostvinvt
erestedv inv studying forces.
a. psychological
b. biological
ANSWER:c.vlife-cycle
d.v sociocultural
12. WhenvaskedvwhyvhervsistervYvonnevendedvupvinvjail,vPennyvsays,v“Shevwasvalv
waysv av mean,v aggressivev person.v Shev reallyv likedv hurtingv people.”v Pennyv isv relyingv
onvv forcesvtovexplainvYvonne’svdevelopment.
a. sociocultural
b. normativev age-graded
c. normativevhistory-graded
ANSWER:d.vpsychological
13.Benoitv isv interestedv inv studyingv thev effectsv ofv variousv biologicalv forcesv onv huv
manvdevelopment.vWhichvtopicvisvprobablyvofvleastvinterestvtovhim?
ANSWER:a.vcognition
b. brainvmaturation
c. menopause
d. exercise
,14. Thevfieldvofv v v v givesvusvinformationvaboutvhowvthevfourvdevelopmentalvforcevs
vinteractvwithveachvother.
a.vbiology
ANSWER:b.vneuroscience
c.v anthropology
d.vsociology
15. Whichvitemvdoesv notvconstitutevav“psychologicalvforce”?
a. perception
b. intelligence
c. personality
ANSWER:d.vheredity
16. Juliannavisvinterestedvinvstudyingvhowvfamilyvrelationshipsvaffectvdevelopment.v
Juliannavisvprobablyvmostvinterestedvinvstudyingv influences.
a.vpsychological
ANSWER:b.vsociocultural
c.v non-normative
d.v biological
17. DaisyvandvRosevarevidenticalvtwinsvwhovwerevseparatedvatvbirth.vDaisyvwasvraiv
sedvinvthevUnitedvStates,vwhereasvRosevspentvhervchildhoodvinvAustria.vWhichvforcv
evwouldvlikelyvexplainvmostvofvthevdifferencesvbetweenvtheirvbehaviorsvasvteens?
a. psychological
b. nature-based
c. biological
ANSWER:d.vsociocultural
,18. Yourv friendv Davidv hasv decidedv tov startv studyingv humanv developmentv becausev
hevhatesvstudyingvbiology.vAccordingvtovyourvtext,vwillvDavidvfindvhappinessvinvhisvn
ewvareavofvinterest?
a. Yes,vbecausevhevcanvfocusvonvpsychologicalvfactorsvandvignorevsocioculv
turalvandvbiologicalvfactors.
b. Yes,vbutvonlyvifvhevenjoysvstudyingvsocioculturalvfactors.
ANSWER:c.vNo,vbecausevstudyingvbiologicalvinfluencesvisvavnecessaryvcompo
nentvivnvunderstandingvdevelopment.
d.v No,v becausev normativev age-gradedv influencesv arev allv biological.
19. Whatvisvavproblemvencounteredvbyvresearchersvassessingvtheveffectsvofvsociov
culturalvforces?
a. thevlackvofvgeneticvdistinctionvbetweenvindividualsvfromvdifferentvracialvbv
ackgrounds
b. culturevappearsvtovhavevlittlevimpactvonvcognitivevdevelopment
ANSWER:c.v changingvethnicvlabelsv(e.g.,vblackvAmericanvtovAfricanvAmerican)
d.v thevinabilityvtovapplyvresultsvtovthevpopulationvbeingvstudied
20. Marceliavhasvbeenvpromotedvandvisvmovingvhervfamilyvtovavnewvcityvinvavdifferve
ntvpartvofvthevcountry.vThoughvfour-year-
oldvFernandovisvveryvhappyvandvmakesvthvevtransitionveasily,v12-year-
oldvJorgevisvunhappyvandvhasvavveryvdifficultvtimevadjusvtingvtovthevmove.vBothvchild
renvgenerallyvadaptvwellvtovchange.vWhichvsinglevsetvofvfactorsvbestvexplainsvthevdif
ferentvresponsesvofvFernandovandvJorgevtovthevmove?
a. biologicalvfactors
b. socioculturalv factors
c. personalityv factors
ANSWER:d.vlife-cyclevfactors
21. WhenvAlfonsovsays,v“Itvwouldvhavevbeenvtoughvtovbevavfathervatvagev21,vbutvbv
eingvonevatvagev28visvsuper,”vhevisvnotingvthevimportantvrolevthatvvvvvfactorsvplayvin
vhumanvdevelopment.
a.v biological
ANSWER:b.vlife-cycle
, c.v sociocultural
d.vpsychological
22. Whichv statementv bestv exemplifiesv thev basicv premisev ofv life-cyclev forces?
a. Biologicalvforcesvplayvavsmallvrolevoncevavpersonvreachesvpuberty.
b. Unconsciousvdesiresvarevthevbasisvforvmostvhumanvbehavior.
ANSWER:c.vEarlyvexperiencesvmayvinfluencevbehaviorvthroughoutvone’svdevel
opmevnt.
d.vThevforcesvthatvinfluencevhumanvbehaviorvarevtoovcomplexvtovidentifyvthvrou
ghvempiricalvresearch.
23. Jamaalvisvavsecond-
gradevteachervwhovnoticesvthatvhisvstudentsvbehavevdiffevrentlyvfromvthevfourth-
gradersvduringvrecess.vHevcomesvupvwithvseveralvconnectedvideasvtovexplainvwhyvth
evtwovgroupsvbehavevdifferently.vJamaalv’svideasvwouldvbesvtvbevdescribedvasva(n)
v.
a.vexperiment
ANSWER:b.vtheory
c.vstudy
d.v mesosystem
24. Psychodynamicvtheoriesvplacevthevleastvemphasisvonvthevportionvofvthevbiop
sychosocialvframework.
a. life-cycle
b. psychological
c. sociocultural
ANSWER:d.v biological
25. Whenvaskedvtovexplainvwhyvteenagevgangvmembershipvisvrising,vDr.vYalevrespv
onds,v“Generallyvspeaking,vthesevchildrenvarevdrivenvbyvconflictsvbetweenvwhatvthv
eyvwishvtovdovandvwhatvsocietyvwishesvthemvtovdo.”vItvisvmostvlikelyvthatvDr.vYalevw
ouldvbevavproponentvof theory.
ANSWER:a.vpsychodynamic
, b. socialv cognitive
c. ecological
d. cognitive-developmental
26. Whovisvmostvassociatedvwithvpsychosocialvtheory?
ANSWER:a.vErikson
b. Bandura
c. Watson
d. Freud
27. Thevepigeneticvprinciplevisvavkeyvcomponentvof theory.
a. socialv cognitive
b. ecological
c. information-processing
ANSWER:d.vpsychosocial
28. Nemovwishesvtovleavevhomevandvbeginvanvadventurevthatvwillvchallengevhisvsv
killsvasvavpersonvandvleadvtovavbettervunderstandingvofvhimself.vAccordingvtovErikv
Erikson,vNemovisvinvwhichvstagevofvpsychosocialvdevelopment?
a.v generativityv vs.v stagnation
ANSWER:b.videntityvvs.videntityvconfusion
c.vautonomyvvs.vshame
d.vbasicvtrustvvs.vmistrust
29. Thevargumentvthatveachvpsychosocialvstrengthvhasvitsvownvspecialvagevperiodv
ofv specificv importancev isv thev cornerstonev of theoryvofvdevelopment.
a.vBandura’s
ANSWER:b.vErikson’s
c.vSkinner’s
d.vVygotsky’s
, 30. HowvwouldvErikv Eriksonvrespondvtov thevstatement,v “Avmidlifevcrisisvisvavnormavl
partvofvthevhumanvlife-cycle”?
v
ANSWER:a.vHevwouldvagree.
b. Hevwouldv disagreevandv pointvoutvthatv therev isv nov “normal”v progressionvov
fvhumanvdevelopment.
c. Hevwouldvdisagreevandvpointvoutvthatv“crises”varevnotvavnormalvpartvofvhv
umanvdevelopment.
d. Hev wouldv sayv nothingv sincev hev focusedv onv developmentv betweenv birthv av
ndvadolescence.
31. Thevbasicvpremisevofvvv isvthatvthevconsequencesvofvavbehaviorvdeterminevthe
vlikelihoodvofvthevbehaviorvbeingvrepeatedvinvthevfuture.
a. thev life-spanvperspective
b. thevepigeneticvprinciple
c. universalv development
ANSWER:d.v operantv conditioning
32. Aftervcompletingvhisvhistoryvassignment,vNicovisvexcusedvfromvhavingvtovwashvt
hevdishes,vavtaskvhevdetests.vNico’svparentsvarevattemptingvtovusevvvvvvvvvvtovincreav
sevNico’svstudying.
a. positivevreinforcement
b. punishment
c. extinction
ANSWER:d.vnegativevreinforcement
33.Lynnevalwaysvwantsvtovvisitvhervgrandparentsvbecausevtheyvgivevhervnewvtoysv
whenvshevvisits.vThevgrandparentsvhavev hervvisitingvbehavior.
ANSWER:a.vreinforced
b. extinguished
c. punished
d. extinguished
v v v v v v
Span View 9th Edition
v v v
By Robert V. Kail; John C. Cavanaugh Chapters 1 -
v v v v v v v v v
v 16 Complete and verified answers
v
,Table Of Contents
v v
1. ThevStudyvofvHumanvDevelopment.
PartvI:vPRENATALvDEVELOPMENT,vINFANCY,vANDvEARLYvCHILDHOOD.
2. BiologicalvFoundations:vHeredity,vPrenatalvDevelopment,vandvBirth.
3. ToolsvforvExploringvthevWorld:vPhysical,vPerceptual,vandvMotorvDevelopment.
4. ThevEmergencevofvThoughtvandvLanguage:vCognitivevDevelopmentvinvInfancyvandvEarlyvChildhood.
5. EnteringvthevSocialvWorld:vSocioemotionalvDevelopmentvinvInfancyvandvEarlyvChildhood.
PartvII:vSCHOOL-AGEvCHILDRENvANDvADOLESCENTS.
6. OffvtovSchool:vCognitivevandvPhysicalvDevelopmentvinvMiddlevChildhood.
7. ExpandingvSocialvHorizons:vSocioemotionalvDevelopmentvinvMiddlevChildhood.
8. RitesvofvPassage:vPhysicalvandvCognitivevDevelopmentvinvAdolescence.
9. MovingvIntovthevAdultvSocialvWorld:vSocioemotionalvDevelopmentvinvAdolescence.
PartvIII:vYOUNGvANDvMIDDLEvADULTHOOD.
10. BecomingvanvAdult:vPhysical,vCognitive,vandvPersonalityvDevelopmentvinvYoungvAdulthood.
11. BeingvWithvOthers:vFormingvRelationshipsvinvYoungvandvMiddlevAdulthood.
12. Work,vLeisure,vandvRetirement.
13. MakingvItvinvMidlife:vThevBiopsychosocialvChallengesvofvMiddlevAdulthood.
PartvIV:vLATEvADULTHOOD.
14. ThevPersonalvContextvofvLatervLife:vPhysical,vCognitive,vandvMentalvHealthvIssues.
15. SocialvAspectsvofvLatervLife:vPsychosocial,vRetirement,vRelationship,vandvSocietalvIssues.
16. ThevFinalvPassage:vDyingvandvBereavement.
, 1. The Study of Human Development.
v v v v
Thevscientificvstudyvofvhumanvdevelopmentvcanvbestvbevdescribedvas
ANSWER:a.vmultidisciplinary
b. focusedvonvgroupsvrathervthanvindividuals
c. non-theoretical
d. emphasizingv stabilityv overv change
2. Whichvtermvdoesvnotvbelongvinvthisvgroup?
a. experiential
b. nurture
c. environmental
ANSWER:d.vhereditary
3. Dr.vKimvtakesvavstrongvnaturevpositionvwithvregardvtovthevoriginsvofvintellectualv
disabilities.vTherefore,vshevwouldvmostvlikelyvhypothesizevthatvhervson’svintellectuv
alvdisabilityv(formallyvknownvasvmentalvretardation)visvduevto
a.v hervparentingv style
ANSWER:b.vhisvgenes
c.v hisvexposurevtovavtoxicv chemicalvpriorvtovbirth
d.v hisv exposurev tov Rubellav priorvtov birth
4. Thevnotionvthatvdevelopmentvisvbestvdescribedvinvtermsvofvavseriesvofvabruptvsv
hiftsvinvbehaviorvbestvfitsvwithvthev approach.
a. nature
b. nurture
c. continuity
ANSWER:d.v discontinuity
5. Cleo,vavdirectorvofvavdaycare,vusesvtermsvlikev“pre-K,”v“K-3,”vandvthev“upper-
elevmentary.”vThesevideasvarevmostvcompatiblevwithvav view.
a. context-specificity
b. hereditary
, c. continuity
ANSWER:d.v discontinuity
6. Dr.vFletchervisvattemptingvtovdeterminevwhethervadultvcriminalsvwerevrule-
breakversvthroughoutvtheirvchildhoodvorvwhethervtheyvsuddenlyvturnedvtovavlifevofvcri
me.vHervresearchvisvmostvconcernedvwithvwhichvissuevofvhumanvdevelopment?
a. naturev versusv nurture
b. universalv versusv context-specificv development
c. biologicalv versusv socioculturalv forces
ANSWER:d.v continuityv versusv discontinuity
7. Mustafavisvinterestedvinvdeterminingv whethervchildrenvdevelopvvirtuallyvthevsav
mevwayvinvAlgeriavasvtheyvdovinvothervpartsvofvthevworld.vMustafa’svresearchvdealsv
primarilyv withv the issuevofvhumanvdevelopment.
a.vpsychologicalvversusvbiologicalvforces
ANSWER:b.v universalv versusv context-specificv development
c.vnaturevversusvnurture
d.v continuityv versusv discontinuity
8. WhenvClarissevsays,v“Itvdoesn’tvmattervifvtheyvarevFrench,vSwedish,vorvChinese,v
kidsvarevkids,”vshevisvespousingva positionv concerningv humanv development.
a.vdiscontinuous
ANSWER:b.vuniversal
c.vnurture
d.vcontext-specific
9. Vivianav noticesv thatv childrenv seemv tov maturev sociallyv muchv fasterv inv Costav Ricv
avthanvinvthevCanada.vVivianavisvmostvlikelyvtovsupportvavpositionvregardingvhvuma
nvdevelopment.
a. nature
b. discontinuous
ANSWER:c.vcontext-specific
, d.vcontinuous
10. Lottevisvlisteningvtovavlecturevinvwhichvhervprofessorvstates,v“Geneticvandvcultv
uralvfactorsvarevimportant,vbutvtheyvalonevcannotvexplainvthevdevelopmentvofvhumv
anvbeings.”vLotte’svprofessorvseemsvtovbevsupportingvthe
ANSWER:a.v biopsychosocialv framework
b. positionv thatv developmentv isv continuous
c. notionvofvuniversality
d. conceptvofvdiscontinuity
11. BecausevDr.vBryantvisvinterestedvinvresearchingvhowvpeoplevofvdifferentvagesv
arevaffectedvbyvevents,v itvwouldvbevmostvaccuratevtovsayvthatvDr.vBryantvisvmostvinvt
erestedv inv studying forces.
a. psychological
b. biological
ANSWER:c.vlife-cycle
d.v sociocultural
12. WhenvaskedvwhyvhervsistervYvonnevendedvupvinvjail,vPennyvsays,v“Shevwasvalv
waysv av mean,v aggressivev person.v Shev reallyv likedv hurtingv people.”v Pennyv isv relyingv
onvv forcesvtovexplainvYvonne’svdevelopment.
a. sociocultural
b. normativev age-graded
c. normativevhistory-graded
ANSWER:d.vpsychological
13.Benoitv isv interestedv inv studyingv thev effectsv ofv variousv biologicalv forcesv onv huv
manvdevelopment.vWhichvtopicvisvprobablyvofvleastvinterestvtovhim?
ANSWER:a.vcognition
b. brainvmaturation
c. menopause
d. exercise
,14. Thevfieldvofv v v v givesvusvinformationvaboutvhowvthevfourvdevelopmentalvforcevs
vinteractvwithveachvother.
a.vbiology
ANSWER:b.vneuroscience
c.v anthropology
d.vsociology
15. Whichvitemvdoesv notvconstitutevav“psychologicalvforce”?
a. perception
b. intelligence
c. personality
ANSWER:d.vheredity
16. Juliannavisvinterestedvinvstudyingvhowvfamilyvrelationshipsvaffectvdevelopment.v
Juliannavisvprobablyvmostvinterestedvinvstudyingv influences.
a.vpsychological
ANSWER:b.vsociocultural
c.v non-normative
d.v biological
17. DaisyvandvRosevarevidenticalvtwinsvwhovwerevseparatedvatvbirth.vDaisyvwasvraiv
sedvinvthevUnitedvStates,vwhereasvRosevspentvhervchildhoodvinvAustria.vWhichvforcv
evwouldvlikelyvexplainvmostvofvthevdifferencesvbetweenvtheirvbehaviorsvasvteens?
a. psychological
b. nature-based
c. biological
ANSWER:d.vsociocultural
,18. Yourv friendv Davidv hasv decidedv tov startv studyingv humanv developmentv becausev
hevhatesvstudyingvbiology.vAccordingvtovyourvtext,vwillvDavidvfindvhappinessvinvhisvn
ewvareavofvinterest?
a. Yes,vbecausevhevcanvfocusvonvpsychologicalvfactorsvandvignorevsocioculv
turalvandvbiologicalvfactors.
b. Yes,vbutvonlyvifvhevenjoysvstudyingvsocioculturalvfactors.
ANSWER:c.vNo,vbecausevstudyingvbiologicalvinfluencesvisvavnecessaryvcompo
nentvivnvunderstandingvdevelopment.
d.v No,v becausev normativev age-gradedv influencesv arev allv biological.
19. Whatvisvavproblemvencounteredvbyvresearchersvassessingvtheveffectsvofvsociov
culturalvforces?
a. thevlackvofvgeneticvdistinctionvbetweenvindividualsvfromvdifferentvracialvbv
ackgrounds
b. culturevappearsvtovhavevlittlevimpactvonvcognitivevdevelopment
ANSWER:c.v changingvethnicvlabelsv(e.g.,vblackvAmericanvtovAfricanvAmerican)
d.v thevinabilityvtovapplyvresultsvtovthevpopulationvbeingvstudied
20. Marceliavhasvbeenvpromotedvandvisvmovingvhervfamilyvtovavnewvcityvinvavdifferve
ntvpartvofvthevcountry.vThoughvfour-year-
oldvFernandovisvveryvhappyvandvmakesvthvevtransitionveasily,v12-year-
oldvJorgevisvunhappyvandvhasvavveryvdifficultvtimevadjusvtingvtovthevmove.vBothvchild
renvgenerallyvadaptvwellvtovchange.vWhichvsinglevsetvofvfactorsvbestvexplainsvthevdif
ferentvresponsesvofvFernandovandvJorgevtovthevmove?
a. biologicalvfactors
b. socioculturalv factors
c. personalityv factors
ANSWER:d.vlife-cyclevfactors
21. WhenvAlfonsovsays,v“Itvwouldvhavevbeenvtoughvtovbevavfathervatvagev21,vbutvbv
eingvonevatvagev28visvsuper,”vhevisvnotingvthevimportantvrolevthatvvvvvfactorsvplayvin
vhumanvdevelopment.
a.v biological
ANSWER:b.vlife-cycle
, c.v sociocultural
d.vpsychological
22. Whichv statementv bestv exemplifiesv thev basicv premisev ofv life-cyclev forces?
a. Biologicalvforcesvplayvavsmallvrolevoncevavpersonvreachesvpuberty.
b. Unconsciousvdesiresvarevthevbasisvforvmostvhumanvbehavior.
ANSWER:c.vEarlyvexperiencesvmayvinfluencevbehaviorvthroughoutvone’svdevel
opmevnt.
d.vThevforcesvthatvinfluencevhumanvbehaviorvarevtoovcomplexvtovidentifyvthvrou
ghvempiricalvresearch.
23. Jamaalvisvavsecond-
gradevteachervwhovnoticesvthatvhisvstudentsvbehavevdiffevrentlyvfromvthevfourth-
gradersvduringvrecess.vHevcomesvupvwithvseveralvconnectedvideasvtovexplainvwhyvth
evtwovgroupsvbehavevdifferently.vJamaalv’svideasvwouldvbesvtvbevdescribedvasva(n)
v.
a.vexperiment
ANSWER:b.vtheory
c.vstudy
d.v mesosystem
24. Psychodynamicvtheoriesvplacevthevleastvemphasisvonvthevportionvofvthevbiop
sychosocialvframework.
a. life-cycle
b. psychological
c. sociocultural
ANSWER:d.v biological
25. Whenvaskedvtovexplainvwhyvteenagevgangvmembershipvisvrising,vDr.vYalevrespv
onds,v“Generallyvspeaking,vthesevchildrenvarevdrivenvbyvconflictsvbetweenvwhatvthv
eyvwishvtovdovandvwhatvsocietyvwishesvthemvtovdo.”vItvisvmostvlikelyvthatvDr.vYalevw
ouldvbevavproponentvof theory.
ANSWER:a.vpsychodynamic
, b. socialv cognitive
c. ecological
d. cognitive-developmental
26. Whovisvmostvassociatedvwithvpsychosocialvtheory?
ANSWER:a.vErikson
b. Bandura
c. Watson
d. Freud
27. Thevepigeneticvprinciplevisvavkeyvcomponentvof theory.
a. socialv cognitive
b. ecological
c. information-processing
ANSWER:d.vpsychosocial
28. Nemovwishesvtovleavevhomevandvbeginvanvadventurevthatvwillvchallengevhisvsv
killsvasvavpersonvandvleadvtovavbettervunderstandingvofvhimself.vAccordingvtovErikv
Erikson,vNemovisvinvwhichvstagevofvpsychosocialvdevelopment?
a.v generativityv vs.v stagnation
ANSWER:b.videntityvvs.videntityvconfusion
c.vautonomyvvs.vshame
d.vbasicvtrustvvs.vmistrust
29. Thevargumentvthatveachvpsychosocialvstrengthvhasvitsvownvspecialvagevperiodv
ofv specificv importancev isv thev cornerstonev of theoryvofvdevelopment.
a.vBandura’s
ANSWER:b.vErikson’s
c.vSkinner’s
d.vVygotsky’s
, 30. HowvwouldvErikv Eriksonvrespondvtov thevstatement,v “Avmidlifevcrisisvisvavnormavl
partvofvthevhumanvlife-cycle”?
v
ANSWER:a.vHevwouldvagree.
b. Hevwouldv disagreevandv pointvoutvthatv therev isv nov “normal”v progressionvov
fvhumanvdevelopment.
c. Hevwouldvdisagreevandvpointvoutvthatv“crises”varevnotvavnormalvpartvofvhv
umanvdevelopment.
d. Hev wouldv sayv nothingv sincev hev focusedv onv developmentv betweenv birthv av
ndvadolescence.
31. Thevbasicvpremisevofvvv isvthatvthevconsequencesvofvavbehaviorvdeterminevthe
vlikelihoodvofvthevbehaviorvbeingvrepeatedvinvthevfuture.
a. thev life-spanvperspective
b. thevepigeneticvprinciple
c. universalv development
ANSWER:d.v operantv conditioning
32. Aftervcompletingvhisvhistoryvassignment,vNicovisvexcusedvfromvhavingvtovwashvt
hevdishes,vavtaskvhevdetests.vNico’svparentsvarevattemptingvtovusevvvvvvvvvvtovincreav
sevNico’svstudying.
a. positivevreinforcement
b. punishment
c. extinction
ANSWER:d.vnegativevreinforcement
33.Lynnevalwaysvwantsvtovvisitvhervgrandparentsvbecausevtheyvgivevhervnewvtoysv
whenvshevvisits.vThevgrandparentsvhavev hervvisitingvbehavior.
ANSWER:a.vreinforced
b. extinguished
c. punished
d. extinguished
