PALS Final Review exam 2025 with 100%
correct answer
Mikey, a 2-year-old boy, is sitting upright on a hospital bed in room 3 of your
emergency department. Your initial impression from the door does not raise
immediate concern. On your entry to the room, you are able to look at Mikey more
closely and notice on inhalation his nostrils are flaring. This is a sign of: - -
Respiratory distress
-The proper site for a peripheral pulse assessment in the infant patient is: - -
brachial
-You are called to the scene of a 3-year-old patient who was found anxious,
*cyanotic* and lethargic after a fall down a flight of stairs. On assessing the patient,
you find vital signs with a respiratory rate of 30, regular pulse rate of 130, regular
capillary refill time of 4 seconds, and a blood pressure of 102/61. What kind of
shock is the patient experiencing? - -compensate shock?
-A mnemonic that aids in performing a primary assessment is: - -ABCDE
-A consideration of treatment for a pediatric patient with acute fulminant
myocarditis who is in cardiac arrest or at a high risk of cardiac arrest is: - -
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
-Which of the following is the correct meaning for one of the individual letters in the
AVPU scale? - -Alert - The child is alert and awake and responds to normal stimuli
based upon age and environment
-The recommended route of vascular access on a hypotensive pediatric patient is: -
-central IV
-You are called to the bedside of a 12-year-old male patient who was admitted after
a week of persistent vomiting, diarrhea and limiting oral intake of both solids and
liquids. The patient's airway is patent, ventilatory rate is within normal limits and
the patient's circulatory status presents with tachycardia, a blood pressure of 70/40
and a capillary refill time of 5 seconds. The patient is speaking incoherently. The
patient has no history of cardiac problems or congenital defects. The appropriate
fluid administration dose for this patient is: - -20 ml/kg 0.9% NaCl over 10 minutes
-You suspect your 8-year-old female patient of being hypovolemic. Her parents
brought her to the emergency department with persistent vomiting and diarrhea for
5 days. The patient presents with *mottled skin* and reports of periods where "she
just stopped breathing!" according to her parents. The patient is being managed
with a BVM and supplemental oxygen. What is the best route of establishing
vascular access for the purpose of fluid resuscitation? - -IV
-Which of the following cannot be administered through an ETT? - -Sodium
bicarbonate
, -You are examining the rhythm strip of a patient who presents with bradycardia.
Which of the following characteristics may you notice in the rhythm? - -The most
obvious sign of bradycardia on an ECG is slow heart rate. The characteristics of P-
waves and the QRS complex may vary. When looking at an EKG, the following
characteristics are seen with bradycardia patients: Slow heart rate, P-waves may
not be noticeable, QRS complex may be wide or narrow, and P-waves and QRS
complex may not be related to bradycardia.
-How do children's metabolic rates compare to adults'? - -higher
-Children's demand for oxygen is ___________ adults. - -greater
-Which of the following must you monitor while fluid resuscitating a patient? - -
Urine output
-What type of pressure is monitored to obtain right ventricular cardiac preload? - -
Central venous pressure (CVP)
-Define shock: - -When oxygen and nutrient supply to body tissue is insufficient
compared to metabolic tissue needs
-Your 5-year-old patient is admitted to the PICU and is being treated by your team
for hypovolemic shock. The team has administered one bolus of 20ml/kg of 0.9%
NaCl . On re-evaluation the patient is alert and anxious with a heart rate of 145
beats per minute, a blood pressure of 76/48mmHg and a capillary refill time of 4
seconds. Which of the following is the patient's clinical condition? - -hypotensive
shock
-To treat wheezing in a child, which medication is the most appropriate to
administer? - -Albuterol
-You arrive on scene to assess a 9-year-old boy who was stung by a bee. The
patient is found to be suffering from urticaria and is displaying respiratory distress
with a presentation of nasal flaring, tachypnea and accessory muscle use. The
patient's mother relates he has never had an allergic reaction to a bee sting, but his
father is gravely allergic to bee stings. The patient relates it is hard to breathe.
While gathering your initial set of vital signs you note the patient has a room air
SpO2 is 90%. This finding classifies the patient as: - -When the blood is insufficiently
oxygenated, hypoxemia can occur. Hypoxemia is a decreased saturation of
oxyhemoglobin (oxygenated hemoglobin) in the blood. A noninvasive method of
estimating arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) is pulse oximetry, which calculates the
saturation of oxyhemoglobin (SpO2). In a normal child, a room air measurement
below 94% indicates hypoxemia.
-You are called to the scene of a 7-month-old with altered mental status. On
obtaining the patient's vital signs, you note a pulse of 58 beats per minute. The
mother tells you the patient was born with an atrial ventricular defect. What kind of
bradycardia is the patient in? - -primary brad
correct answer
Mikey, a 2-year-old boy, is sitting upright on a hospital bed in room 3 of your
emergency department. Your initial impression from the door does not raise
immediate concern. On your entry to the room, you are able to look at Mikey more
closely and notice on inhalation his nostrils are flaring. This is a sign of: - -
Respiratory distress
-The proper site for a peripheral pulse assessment in the infant patient is: - -
brachial
-You are called to the scene of a 3-year-old patient who was found anxious,
*cyanotic* and lethargic after a fall down a flight of stairs. On assessing the patient,
you find vital signs with a respiratory rate of 30, regular pulse rate of 130, regular
capillary refill time of 4 seconds, and a blood pressure of 102/61. What kind of
shock is the patient experiencing? - -compensate shock?
-A mnemonic that aids in performing a primary assessment is: - -ABCDE
-A consideration of treatment for a pediatric patient with acute fulminant
myocarditis who is in cardiac arrest or at a high risk of cardiac arrest is: - -
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
-Which of the following is the correct meaning for one of the individual letters in the
AVPU scale? - -Alert - The child is alert and awake and responds to normal stimuli
based upon age and environment
-The recommended route of vascular access on a hypotensive pediatric patient is: -
-central IV
-You are called to the bedside of a 12-year-old male patient who was admitted after
a week of persistent vomiting, diarrhea and limiting oral intake of both solids and
liquids. The patient's airway is patent, ventilatory rate is within normal limits and
the patient's circulatory status presents with tachycardia, a blood pressure of 70/40
and a capillary refill time of 5 seconds. The patient is speaking incoherently. The
patient has no history of cardiac problems or congenital defects. The appropriate
fluid administration dose for this patient is: - -20 ml/kg 0.9% NaCl over 10 minutes
-You suspect your 8-year-old female patient of being hypovolemic. Her parents
brought her to the emergency department with persistent vomiting and diarrhea for
5 days. The patient presents with *mottled skin* and reports of periods where "she
just stopped breathing!" according to her parents. The patient is being managed
with a BVM and supplemental oxygen. What is the best route of establishing
vascular access for the purpose of fluid resuscitation? - -IV
-Which of the following cannot be administered through an ETT? - -Sodium
bicarbonate
, -You are examining the rhythm strip of a patient who presents with bradycardia.
Which of the following characteristics may you notice in the rhythm? - -The most
obvious sign of bradycardia on an ECG is slow heart rate. The characteristics of P-
waves and the QRS complex may vary. When looking at an EKG, the following
characteristics are seen with bradycardia patients: Slow heart rate, P-waves may
not be noticeable, QRS complex may be wide or narrow, and P-waves and QRS
complex may not be related to bradycardia.
-How do children's metabolic rates compare to adults'? - -higher
-Children's demand for oxygen is ___________ adults. - -greater
-Which of the following must you monitor while fluid resuscitating a patient? - -
Urine output
-What type of pressure is monitored to obtain right ventricular cardiac preload? - -
Central venous pressure (CVP)
-Define shock: - -When oxygen and nutrient supply to body tissue is insufficient
compared to metabolic tissue needs
-Your 5-year-old patient is admitted to the PICU and is being treated by your team
for hypovolemic shock. The team has administered one bolus of 20ml/kg of 0.9%
NaCl . On re-evaluation the patient is alert and anxious with a heart rate of 145
beats per minute, a blood pressure of 76/48mmHg and a capillary refill time of 4
seconds. Which of the following is the patient's clinical condition? - -hypotensive
shock
-To treat wheezing in a child, which medication is the most appropriate to
administer? - -Albuterol
-You arrive on scene to assess a 9-year-old boy who was stung by a bee. The
patient is found to be suffering from urticaria and is displaying respiratory distress
with a presentation of nasal flaring, tachypnea and accessory muscle use. The
patient's mother relates he has never had an allergic reaction to a bee sting, but his
father is gravely allergic to bee stings. The patient relates it is hard to breathe.
While gathering your initial set of vital signs you note the patient has a room air
SpO2 is 90%. This finding classifies the patient as: - -When the blood is insufficiently
oxygenated, hypoxemia can occur. Hypoxemia is a decreased saturation of
oxyhemoglobin (oxygenated hemoglobin) in the blood. A noninvasive method of
estimating arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) is pulse oximetry, which calculates the
saturation of oxyhemoglobin (SpO2). In a normal child, a room air measurement
below 94% indicates hypoxemia.
-You are called to the scene of a 7-month-old with altered mental status. On
obtaining the patient's vital signs, you note a pulse of 58 beats per minute. The
mother tells you the patient was born with an atrial ventricular defect. What kind of
bradycardia is the patient in? - -primary brad
