NURS 2320 Introduction to Pharmacology Questions With
Complete Solutions
Acetaminophen Correct Answers Nonopioid analgesic
Analgesic and antipyretic effects
Little to no anti-inflammatory effects
Available OTC and in combination products with opioids
Acetaminophen: contraindications and interactions Correct
Answers Should not be taken in the presence of:
Drug allergy
Liver dysfunction
Possible liver failure
G6PD deficiency
Dangerous interaction may occur if taken with alcohol or other
drugs that are hepatotoxic
Acetaminophen: dosage Correct Answers Maximum daily
dose for health adults is 4g/day, btu health Canada is
considering lowering
2000mg for older adults and those with liver disease
Inadvertent excessive doses may occur when different
combination drug products are taken together
Be aware of the acetaminophen content of all medications taken
by the patient (OTC and prescription)
Acetaminophen: indications Correct Answers Mild to
moderate pain
Fever
Inability to take aspirin products
,Acetaminophen: mechanism of action Correct Answers
Similar to that of salicylates
Blocks pain impulses peripherally by inhibiting prostaglandin
synthesis
Acetaminophen: toxicity and managing overdose Correct
Answers Even though available OTC, lethal when overdoses
Overdose, whether intentional or resulting from chronic
unintentional misuse, causes hepatic necrosis: hepatotoxicity
Long term ingestion of large doses also causes nephropathy
Recommended antidote: acetylcysteine regimen
Acetic Acid Derivatives Correct Answers Diclofenac sodium
(voltaren)
Indomethacin sulindac
Etodolac
Ketorolac (Toradol)
Mefenamic acid (Ponstan)
NSAIDs
Acute pain Correct Answers Pain that is sudden in onset,
usually subsides when treated, and typically occurs over less
than a 6 week period
Acute pain Correct Answers Sudden onset
Limited, has an end
Addiction Correct Answers Strong psychological or physical
dependance on a drug or other psychoactive substance, usually
,wrestling from habitual use, that is beyond normal voluntary
control
Additive effects Correct Answers Drug interactions in which
the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar
actions, administered at the same time, is the action of one plus
the action of the other, with the total effect of both drugs being
given
Adjunct anesthetics Correct Answers Drugs that enhance
clinical therapy when used simultaneously with another drug
Balanced anesthesia
Adjunct anesthetics Correct Answers Drugs used in
combination with anesthetic drugs to control the adverse effects
of anesthetics or to help maintain the anesthetic state in the
patient (see balanced anesthesia)
Adjuvant analgesic drugs Correct Answers Drugs that are
added for combined therapy with a primary drug and may have
additive or independent analgesic properties, or both
Adjuvant drugs Correct Answers Drugs from chemical
categories other than opioids
Assist primary drugs in relieving pain
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Antidepressants
Anticonvulsants
Corticosteroids
E.g. Adjuvant drugs for neuropathic pain
Amitriptyline (antidepressant)
, Gabapentin or pregabalin (anticonvulsants)
Adverse drug event (ADE) Correct Answers Any undesirable
occurrence related to administering or failing to administer a
prescribed medication
Adverse drug reaction (ADR) Correct Answers Any
unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response to a
medication given at therapeutic doses
Adverse effects Correct Answers A general term for any
undesirable effects that are a direct response to one or more
drugs
Adverse effects of general anesthesia Correct Answers Vary
according to dosage and drug used
Sites primarily affected:
Heart, peripheral circulation, liver, kidneys, respiratory tract
Myocardial depression is commonly seen
Malignant hyperthermia
Occurs during or after volatile inhaled general anesthesia or use
of the neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) succinylcholine
Sudden elevation in body temperature (great than 40C)
Tachypnea, tachycardia, muscle rigidity
Life-threatening emergency
Treated with cardiorespiratory supportive care and dantrolene
sodium (skeletal muscle relaxant)
Adverse effects of local anesthesia Correct Answers Usually
limited
Adverse effects result if:
Complete Solutions
Acetaminophen Correct Answers Nonopioid analgesic
Analgesic and antipyretic effects
Little to no anti-inflammatory effects
Available OTC and in combination products with opioids
Acetaminophen: contraindications and interactions Correct
Answers Should not be taken in the presence of:
Drug allergy
Liver dysfunction
Possible liver failure
G6PD deficiency
Dangerous interaction may occur if taken with alcohol or other
drugs that are hepatotoxic
Acetaminophen: dosage Correct Answers Maximum daily
dose for health adults is 4g/day, btu health Canada is
considering lowering
2000mg for older adults and those with liver disease
Inadvertent excessive doses may occur when different
combination drug products are taken together
Be aware of the acetaminophen content of all medications taken
by the patient (OTC and prescription)
Acetaminophen: indications Correct Answers Mild to
moderate pain
Fever
Inability to take aspirin products
,Acetaminophen: mechanism of action Correct Answers
Similar to that of salicylates
Blocks pain impulses peripherally by inhibiting prostaglandin
synthesis
Acetaminophen: toxicity and managing overdose Correct
Answers Even though available OTC, lethal when overdoses
Overdose, whether intentional or resulting from chronic
unintentional misuse, causes hepatic necrosis: hepatotoxicity
Long term ingestion of large doses also causes nephropathy
Recommended antidote: acetylcysteine regimen
Acetic Acid Derivatives Correct Answers Diclofenac sodium
(voltaren)
Indomethacin sulindac
Etodolac
Ketorolac (Toradol)
Mefenamic acid (Ponstan)
NSAIDs
Acute pain Correct Answers Pain that is sudden in onset,
usually subsides when treated, and typically occurs over less
than a 6 week period
Acute pain Correct Answers Sudden onset
Limited, has an end
Addiction Correct Answers Strong psychological or physical
dependance on a drug or other psychoactive substance, usually
,wrestling from habitual use, that is beyond normal voluntary
control
Additive effects Correct Answers Drug interactions in which
the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar
actions, administered at the same time, is the action of one plus
the action of the other, with the total effect of both drugs being
given
Adjunct anesthetics Correct Answers Drugs that enhance
clinical therapy when used simultaneously with another drug
Balanced anesthesia
Adjunct anesthetics Correct Answers Drugs used in
combination with anesthetic drugs to control the adverse effects
of anesthetics or to help maintain the anesthetic state in the
patient (see balanced anesthesia)
Adjuvant analgesic drugs Correct Answers Drugs that are
added for combined therapy with a primary drug and may have
additive or independent analgesic properties, or both
Adjuvant drugs Correct Answers Drugs from chemical
categories other than opioids
Assist primary drugs in relieving pain
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Antidepressants
Anticonvulsants
Corticosteroids
E.g. Adjuvant drugs for neuropathic pain
Amitriptyline (antidepressant)
, Gabapentin or pregabalin (anticonvulsants)
Adverse drug event (ADE) Correct Answers Any undesirable
occurrence related to administering or failing to administer a
prescribed medication
Adverse drug reaction (ADR) Correct Answers Any
unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response to a
medication given at therapeutic doses
Adverse effects Correct Answers A general term for any
undesirable effects that are a direct response to one or more
drugs
Adverse effects of general anesthesia Correct Answers Vary
according to dosage and drug used
Sites primarily affected:
Heart, peripheral circulation, liver, kidneys, respiratory tract
Myocardial depression is commonly seen
Malignant hyperthermia
Occurs during or after volatile inhaled general anesthesia or use
of the neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) succinylcholine
Sudden elevation in body temperature (great than 40C)
Tachypnea, tachycardia, muscle rigidity
Life-threatening emergency
Treated with cardiorespiratory supportive care and dantrolene
sodium (skeletal muscle relaxant)
Adverse effects of local anesthesia Correct Answers Usually
limited
Adverse effects result if:
