ATI Practice Questions: Renal, Urinary & Fundamentals of
Nursing
70 Questions with Verified Answers
Table of Contents
1. Renal & Urinary System (Questions 1-40)
2. Fundamentals of Nursing (Questions 41-100)
Section 1: Renal & Urinary System (Questions 1-40) {#renal-urinary}
Question 1
A nurse is caring for a client who has acute kidney injury (AKI). Which
of the following laboratory values should the nurse expect to be
elevated? A) Hemoglobin B) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) C) Platelets D)
Albumin
Answer: B Rationale: In AKI, the kidneys cannot effectively filter waste
products, leading to elevated BUN and creatinine levels. Hemoglobin,
platelets, and albumin are typically decreased in kidney disease.
Question 2
A client with chronic kidney disease asks the nurse why they need to
limit protein intake. Which response by the nurse is appropriate? A)
"Protein causes fluid retention in your body." B) "Your kidneys cannot
filter protein waste products effectively." C) "Protein increases your
blood pressure significantly." D) "Protein interferes with your dialysis
treatment."
Answer: B Rationale: In CKD, damaged kidneys cannot effectively filter
nitrogenous waste products from protein metabolism (urea, creatinine),
leading to uremia.
,Question 3
A nurse is assessing a client who has urinary tract infection (UTI).
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A) Polyuria B)
Dysuria C) Oliguria D) Anuria
Answer: B Rationale: Dysuria (painful urination) is a classic symptom
of UTI. Clients may also experience urgency, frequency, and suprapubic
pain.
Question 4
A client is scheduled for a kidney biopsy. Which of the following actions
should the nurse take in the pre-procedure preparation? A) Encourage
fluid intake 2 hours before the procedure B) Obtain informed consent C)
Administer a cleansing enema D) Withhold all medications for 24 hours
Answer: B Rationale: Obtaining informed consent is essential before
any invasive procedure. The client should understand risks, benefits,
and alternatives.
Question 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the
following manifestations should the nurse expect? A) Hematuria B)
Hypertension C) Proteinuria D) Pyuria
Answer: C Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive
proteinuria (>3.5 g/day), hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia.
Question 6
A client with end-stage renal disease is receiving hemodialysis. Which
of the following indicates the client needs additional teaching? A) "I
should weigh myself daily." B) "I can drink as much fluid as I want
between treatments." C) "I need to follow a low-potassium diet." D) "I
should protect my fistula from injury."
, Answer: B Rationale: Clients on hemodialysis must restrict fluid intake
between treatments to prevent fluid overload, as their kidneys cannot
eliminate excess fluid.
Question 7
A nurse is teaching a client about preventing kidney stones. Which
dietary instruction should the nurse include? A) Limit calcium intake to
500 mg daily B) Increase fluid intake to 2-3 liters daily C) Consume
high-sodium foods D) Limit protein intake to 20 grams daily
Answer: B Rationale: Adequate fluid intake (2-3 L/day) helps dilute
urine and prevent stone formation. Limiting calcium inappropriately
can actually increase oxalate absorption.
Question 8
A client has a urinary catheter in place. Which action by the nurse
helps prevent catheter-associated UTI? A) Irrigate the catheter every 8
hours B) Keep the drainage bag above the level of the bladder C)
Perform routine catheter care with antiseptic solution D) Keep the
drainage system closed
Answer: D Rationale: Maintaining a closed drainage system prevents
bacterial entry. The bag should remain below bladder level, and routine
irrigation is not recommended.
Question 9
A nurse is assessing a client with acute glomerulonephritis. Which
finding should the nurse expect? A) Increased urine output B) Tea-
colored urine C) Severe flank pain D) Frequent urination
Answer: B Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis typically causes tea-
colored or cola-colored urine due to the presence of red blood cells and
protein.
Question 10
Nursing
70 Questions with Verified Answers
Table of Contents
1. Renal & Urinary System (Questions 1-40)
2. Fundamentals of Nursing (Questions 41-100)
Section 1: Renal & Urinary System (Questions 1-40) {#renal-urinary}
Question 1
A nurse is caring for a client who has acute kidney injury (AKI). Which
of the following laboratory values should the nurse expect to be
elevated? A) Hemoglobin B) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) C) Platelets D)
Albumin
Answer: B Rationale: In AKI, the kidneys cannot effectively filter waste
products, leading to elevated BUN and creatinine levels. Hemoglobin,
platelets, and albumin are typically decreased in kidney disease.
Question 2
A client with chronic kidney disease asks the nurse why they need to
limit protein intake. Which response by the nurse is appropriate? A)
"Protein causes fluid retention in your body." B) "Your kidneys cannot
filter protein waste products effectively." C) "Protein increases your
blood pressure significantly." D) "Protein interferes with your dialysis
treatment."
Answer: B Rationale: In CKD, damaged kidneys cannot effectively filter
nitrogenous waste products from protein metabolism (urea, creatinine),
leading to uremia.
,Question 3
A nurse is assessing a client who has urinary tract infection (UTI).
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A) Polyuria B)
Dysuria C) Oliguria D) Anuria
Answer: B Rationale: Dysuria (painful urination) is a classic symptom
of UTI. Clients may also experience urgency, frequency, and suprapubic
pain.
Question 4
A client is scheduled for a kidney biopsy. Which of the following actions
should the nurse take in the pre-procedure preparation? A) Encourage
fluid intake 2 hours before the procedure B) Obtain informed consent C)
Administer a cleansing enema D) Withhold all medications for 24 hours
Answer: B Rationale: Obtaining informed consent is essential before
any invasive procedure. The client should understand risks, benefits,
and alternatives.
Question 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the
following manifestations should the nurse expect? A) Hematuria B)
Hypertension C) Proteinuria D) Pyuria
Answer: C Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive
proteinuria (>3.5 g/day), hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia.
Question 6
A client with end-stage renal disease is receiving hemodialysis. Which
of the following indicates the client needs additional teaching? A) "I
should weigh myself daily." B) "I can drink as much fluid as I want
between treatments." C) "I need to follow a low-potassium diet." D) "I
should protect my fistula from injury."
, Answer: B Rationale: Clients on hemodialysis must restrict fluid intake
between treatments to prevent fluid overload, as their kidneys cannot
eliminate excess fluid.
Question 7
A nurse is teaching a client about preventing kidney stones. Which
dietary instruction should the nurse include? A) Limit calcium intake to
500 mg daily B) Increase fluid intake to 2-3 liters daily C) Consume
high-sodium foods D) Limit protein intake to 20 grams daily
Answer: B Rationale: Adequate fluid intake (2-3 L/day) helps dilute
urine and prevent stone formation. Limiting calcium inappropriately
can actually increase oxalate absorption.
Question 8
A client has a urinary catheter in place. Which action by the nurse
helps prevent catheter-associated UTI? A) Irrigate the catheter every 8
hours B) Keep the drainage bag above the level of the bladder C)
Perform routine catheter care with antiseptic solution D) Keep the
drainage system closed
Answer: D Rationale: Maintaining a closed drainage system prevents
bacterial entry. The bag should remain below bladder level, and routine
irrigation is not recommended.
Question 9
A nurse is assessing a client with acute glomerulonephritis. Which
finding should the nurse expect? A) Increased urine output B) Tea-
colored urine C) Severe flank pain D) Frequent urination
Answer: B Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis typically causes tea-
colored or cola-colored urine due to the presence of red blood cells and
protein.
Question 10
