GNRS 515 Patho Final Exam 4 With
Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2025
Updated.
When a patient asks what the somatic nervous system controls, how should the nurse respond?
It controls:
1.The heart
2.The spinal cord
3.Skeletal muscle
4.Smooth muscle organs - Answer 3.Skeletal muscle
The somatic nervous system consists of pathways that regulate voluntary motor control, the
skeletal muscle system.
A 19-year-old male college student reports to his primary care provider that he cannot stay
awake in class regardless of how much sleep he gets. A drug that stimulates which of the
following areas would best treat his problem?
1.Corpora quadrigemina
2.Reticular activating system
3.Cerebellum
4.Hypothalamus - Answer 2.Reticular activating system
The reticular activating system is responsible for wakefulness.
A 32-year-old female suffers from severe brain damage following a motor vehicle accident. After
rehabilitation she notices that her thought processes and goal-oriented behavior are impaired.
Which area does the nurse suspect is damaged?
1.Thalamus
2.Limbic
3.Prefrontal
,The prefrontal area is responsible for goal-oriented behavior (e.g., ability to concentrate), short-
term or recall memory, the elaboration of thought, and inhibition on the limbic areas of the
CNS.
A neurologist is teaching about the region responsible for motor aspects of speech. Which area
is the neurologist discussing?
1.Wernicke area
2.Broca area
3.Primary speech area
4.Insula - Answer 2.Broca area
Broca's area is associated with speech production and articulation. Wernicke's area is a critical
language area that connects to Broca's area via a neural pathway. Wernicke's area is primarily
involved in comprehension.
A 45-year-old male was previously diagnosed with Parkinson disease. He has impaired fine
repetitive motor movements. Which of the following areas does the nurse suspect is most likely
damaged?
1.Basal ganglia
2.Prefrontal area
3.Hippocampus
4.Temporal lobe - Answer 1.Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia system is believed to exert a stabilizing effect on motor movements. Parkinson
disease and Huntington disease are conditions associated with defects of the basal ganglia. They
are characterized by various involuntary or exaggerated motor movements.
A neurologist is teaching about the location of the primary visual cortex in the brain. Which area
is the neurologist discussing?
1.Frontal lobe
2.Temporal lobe
,When a nurse is teaching about the transverse fiber tract that connects the two cerebral
hemispheres, what term should the nurse use?
1.Peduncle
2.Corpus callosum
3.Basal ganglia
4.Pons - Answer 2.Corpus callosum
The corpus callosum connects the two cerebral hemispheres and is essential in coordinating
activities between hemispheres.
What term should the nurse use when talking about the outermost membrane surrounding the
brain?
1.Dura mater
2.Arachnoid mater
3.Pia mater
4.Falx cerebri - Answer 1.Dura mater
The dura mater is the outer layer of the brain.
The _____ ensures collateral blood flow from blood vessels supplying the brain.
1.Carotid arteries
2.Basal artery
3.Circle of Willis
4.Vertebral arteries - Answer 3.Circle of Willis
The circle of Willis ensures collateral blood circulation in the brain.
When a student asks which type of nerves transmit nerve impulses at the fastest rate, what is
, 3.Large, myelinated
4.Small, non-myelinated - Answer 3.Large, myelinated
Large and myelinated nerves transmit impulses at the fastest rate.
The nurse is assessing the patient with a pen light. The integrity of which cranial nerve is being
evaluated?
1.Olfactory
2.Vagus
3.Oculomotor
4.Trigeminal - Answer 3.Oculomotor
In evaluating the oculomotor nerve, the pupils are examined for size, shape, and equality;
pupillary reflex tested with a pen light (pupils should constrict when illuminated); and ability to
follow moving objects.
Olfactory is assessed using smells.
Vagus is assessed using the ophthalmoscope.
The trigeminal is assessed with a safety pin and hot and cold objects for sensations of pain,
touch, and temperature.
A neurologists explains that arousal is mediated by the:
1.Cerebral cortex
2.Medulla oblongata
3.Reticular activating system
4.Cingulate gyrus - Answer 3.Reticular activating system
Arousal is mediated by the reticular activating system, which regulates aspects of attention and
information processing and maintains consciousness.
A 20-year-old male suffers a severe closed head injury in a motor vehicle accident. He remains
in a vegetative state (VS) 1 month after the accident. Which of the following structures is
Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2025
Updated.
When a patient asks what the somatic nervous system controls, how should the nurse respond?
It controls:
1.The heart
2.The spinal cord
3.Skeletal muscle
4.Smooth muscle organs - Answer 3.Skeletal muscle
The somatic nervous system consists of pathways that regulate voluntary motor control, the
skeletal muscle system.
A 19-year-old male college student reports to his primary care provider that he cannot stay
awake in class regardless of how much sleep he gets. A drug that stimulates which of the
following areas would best treat his problem?
1.Corpora quadrigemina
2.Reticular activating system
3.Cerebellum
4.Hypothalamus - Answer 2.Reticular activating system
The reticular activating system is responsible for wakefulness.
A 32-year-old female suffers from severe brain damage following a motor vehicle accident. After
rehabilitation she notices that her thought processes and goal-oriented behavior are impaired.
Which area does the nurse suspect is damaged?
1.Thalamus
2.Limbic
3.Prefrontal
,The prefrontal area is responsible for goal-oriented behavior (e.g., ability to concentrate), short-
term or recall memory, the elaboration of thought, and inhibition on the limbic areas of the
CNS.
A neurologist is teaching about the region responsible for motor aspects of speech. Which area
is the neurologist discussing?
1.Wernicke area
2.Broca area
3.Primary speech area
4.Insula - Answer 2.Broca area
Broca's area is associated with speech production and articulation. Wernicke's area is a critical
language area that connects to Broca's area via a neural pathway. Wernicke's area is primarily
involved in comprehension.
A 45-year-old male was previously diagnosed with Parkinson disease. He has impaired fine
repetitive motor movements. Which of the following areas does the nurse suspect is most likely
damaged?
1.Basal ganglia
2.Prefrontal area
3.Hippocampus
4.Temporal lobe - Answer 1.Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia system is believed to exert a stabilizing effect on motor movements. Parkinson
disease and Huntington disease are conditions associated with defects of the basal ganglia. They
are characterized by various involuntary or exaggerated motor movements.
A neurologist is teaching about the location of the primary visual cortex in the brain. Which area
is the neurologist discussing?
1.Frontal lobe
2.Temporal lobe
,When a nurse is teaching about the transverse fiber tract that connects the two cerebral
hemispheres, what term should the nurse use?
1.Peduncle
2.Corpus callosum
3.Basal ganglia
4.Pons - Answer 2.Corpus callosum
The corpus callosum connects the two cerebral hemispheres and is essential in coordinating
activities between hemispheres.
What term should the nurse use when talking about the outermost membrane surrounding the
brain?
1.Dura mater
2.Arachnoid mater
3.Pia mater
4.Falx cerebri - Answer 1.Dura mater
The dura mater is the outer layer of the brain.
The _____ ensures collateral blood flow from blood vessels supplying the brain.
1.Carotid arteries
2.Basal artery
3.Circle of Willis
4.Vertebral arteries - Answer 3.Circle of Willis
The circle of Willis ensures collateral blood circulation in the brain.
When a student asks which type of nerves transmit nerve impulses at the fastest rate, what is
, 3.Large, myelinated
4.Small, non-myelinated - Answer 3.Large, myelinated
Large and myelinated nerves transmit impulses at the fastest rate.
The nurse is assessing the patient with a pen light. The integrity of which cranial nerve is being
evaluated?
1.Olfactory
2.Vagus
3.Oculomotor
4.Trigeminal - Answer 3.Oculomotor
In evaluating the oculomotor nerve, the pupils are examined for size, shape, and equality;
pupillary reflex tested with a pen light (pupils should constrict when illuminated); and ability to
follow moving objects.
Olfactory is assessed using smells.
Vagus is assessed using the ophthalmoscope.
The trigeminal is assessed with a safety pin and hot and cold objects for sensations of pain,
touch, and temperature.
A neurologists explains that arousal is mediated by the:
1.Cerebral cortex
2.Medulla oblongata
3.Reticular activating system
4.Cingulate gyrus - Answer 3.Reticular activating system
Arousal is mediated by the reticular activating system, which regulates aspects of attention and
information processing and maintains consciousness.
A 20-year-old male suffers a severe closed head injury in a motor vehicle accident. He remains
in a vegetative state (VS) 1 month after the accident. Which of the following structures is
