NURS 321 Exam Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update 2025-2026
Interviewing - Answersthe basic process used for gathering data, providing information and advice to
clients, and suggesting workable alternatives for resolving concerns
coaching - Answerslike interviewing, objectives are to help identify personal strengths and enhance
positive outcomes
counselling - Answersintense and personal
- counsellor listens to and aids to develop strategies to support change and growth
psychotherapy - Answersfocuses on deep seated or ingrained issues clients face and usually requires
more time
why is language important - Answerswords mean different things to other people
- the way you say something will be taken a certain way
why do people go to counselling - Answerspeople are often focued on feeling as though they are not
functioning properly
- people may feel stuck, overwhelmed, stressed and angry
- people go to counselling to taking negative thoughts
- eneabling development of resilience, self actualization and transcendence
resilience - Answersa persons ability to recover from lifes challenges
- helping increase a clients competency and self respect
self actualization - Answersthe process by which people achieve their full potential
- counsellors aid clients to realize that they do have the ability to overcome challenges
intentionality - Answersspeaks to the importance of being in the moment and responding flexibly to the
ever changing situations of clients
cultural intentionality - AnswersActing with a sense of capability and choosing from among a range of
alternative actions, interviewing skills, and helping theories, always considering the cultural and ethnic
characteristics of the client.
Microskills - AnswersThe communication skill units of the counselor/client session that provide specific
alternatives for you to use with many types of clients and all theories of counseling and therapy.
values and counselling - Answersour values influence how we behave
- difficult to be objective if we have our own impeding values
,- respect client views
bracketing - Answersmanaging personal values so they do not affect the therapeutic process
- counsellor set aside personal beliefs to support the client
value imposition - Answerswhen a counsellor attempts to define the values and beliefs of their client
culture clash - Answersconflict over basic values that occur among individuals from other cultures
culture intentionality - Answersawareness of the cultural differences that exists between a counsellor
and their client
prejudice - Answersmaking a judgment in advance of due examination
stereotypes - Answersfixed mental images of a group that are applied to all its members
discrimination - Answerstaking action against people because they belong to category
ethnocentrism - Answersthe tendency to regard one own ethnic group, nation religion or culture as
better or more correct than other
johari window - Answersa visual representation of components of the self that are known or unknown
to the self and to others
Posture of reciprocity - Answersan approach that enables professional to develop and acuire cultural
awarenes
psychoanalytic theory - AnswersA theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality,
motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior.
- behaviour is determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations and biological instinctual drive
- ensures survival
life instincts - Answersensures survival
- orientates humans toward growth, development and creativity
death instincts - Answersthe unconscious drive toward decay, destruction, and aggression
- will to harm self or others
- accounts for the aggressive drive of humans
structure of personality (freud) - AnswersID, Ego, Superego
ID - Answersimpulses that are biologically driven
, - all is unconsciou
- who we are at birth and out innate instincts
ego - Answersmediates between the ID and SUperego
- our reality
- logical thinking to create plans to satisfy need
superego - Answersprotects us from the danger of our impulses
- includes morals, and internalized standards
- our morality
anxiety - Answersfeeling of dread that results from repressed feelings, memories, desires and
experiences that emerge ot the surface of awareness
- caused by conflict of our ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO
reality anxiety - Answersfear of real world danger
neurotic anxiety - Answersfear of instncts getting out of hand, and fear of punishment
moral anxiety - Answersguilt felt by acting outside of your moral code
goals for psychoanalytic therapy - Answersmaking the unconscious conscious
- strengthening the ego (reality)
- childhood experiences are examined, interpreted and analyzed
therapists role in psychoanalytic therapy - Answersblank screen appraoch
- staying neutral
creating a transference relationship
- client transfers all feelings to the counsellor
help clients
- develop freedom to love, work, play
- achieve self awareness, honesty and effective personal relationships
Interviewing - Answersthe basic process used for gathering data, providing information and advice to
clients, and suggesting workable alternatives for resolving concerns
coaching - Answerslike interviewing, objectives are to help identify personal strengths and enhance
positive outcomes
counselling - Answersintense and personal
- counsellor listens to and aids to develop strategies to support change and growth
psychotherapy - Answersfocuses on deep seated or ingrained issues clients face and usually requires
more time
why is language important - Answerswords mean different things to other people
- the way you say something will be taken a certain way
why do people go to counselling - Answerspeople are often focued on feeling as though they are not
functioning properly
- people may feel stuck, overwhelmed, stressed and angry
- people go to counselling to taking negative thoughts
- eneabling development of resilience, self actualization and transcendence
resilience - Answersa persons ability to recover from lifes challenges
- helping increase a clients competency and self respect
self actualization - Answersthe process by which people achieve their full potential
- counsellors aid clients to realize that they do have the ability to overcome challenges
intentionality - Answersspeaks to the importance of being in the moment and responding flexibly to the
ever changing situations of clients
cultural intentionality - AnswersActing with a sense of capability and choosing from among a range of
alternative actions, interviewing skills, and helping theories, always considering the cultural and ethnic
characteristics of the client.
Microskills - AnswersThe communication skill units of the counselor/client session that provide specific
alternatives for you to use with many types of clients and all theories of counseling and therapy.
values and counselling - Answersour values influence how we behave
- difficult to be objective if we have our own impeding values
,- respect client views
bracketing - Answersmanaging personal values so they do not affect the therapeutic process
- counsellor set aside personal beliefs to support the client
value imposition - Answerswhen a counsellor attempts to define the values and beliefs of their client
culture clash - Answersconflict over basic values that occur among individuals from other cultures
culture intentionality - Answersawareness of the cultural differences that exists between a counsellor
and their client
prejudice - Answersmaking a judgment in advance of due examination
stereotypes - Answersfixed mental images of a group that are applied to all its members
discrimination - Answerstaking action against people because they belong to category
ethnocentrism - Answersthe tendency to regard one own ethnic group, nation religion or culture as
better or more correct than other
johari window - Answersa visual representation of components of the self that are known or unknown
to the self and to others
Posture of reciprocity - Answersan approach that enables professional to develop and acuire cultural
awarenes
psychoanalytic theory - AnswersA theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality,
motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior.
- behaviour is determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations and biological instinctual drive
- ensures survival
life instincts - Answersensures survival
- orientates humans toward growth, development and creativity
death instincts - Answersthe unconscious drive toward decay, destruction, and aggression
- will to harm self or others
- accounts for the aggressive drive of humans
structure of personality (freud) - AnswersID, Ego, Superego
ID - Answersimpulses that are biologically driven
, - all is unconsciou
- who we are at birth and out innate instincts
ego - Answersmediates between the ID and SUperego
- our reality
- logical thinking to create plans to satisfy need
superego - Answersprotects us from the danger of our impulses
- includes morals, and internalized standards
- our morality
anxiety - Answersfeeling of dread that results from repressed feelings, memories, desires and
experiences that emerge ot the surface of awareness
- caused by conflict of our ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO
reality anxiety - Answersfear of real world danger
neurotic anxiety - Answersfear of instncts getting out of hand, and fear of punishment
moral anxiety - Answersguilt felt by acting outside of your moral code
goals for psychoanalytic therapy - Answersmaking the unconscious conscious
- strengthening the ego (reality)
- childhood experiences are examined, interpreted and analyzed
therapists role in psychoanalytic therapy - Answersblank screen appraoch
- staying neutral
creating a transference relationship
- client transfers all feelings to the counsellor
help clients
- develop freedom to love, work, play
- achieve self awareness, honesty and effective personal relationships
