bio test 1442 test 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
) A biologist studied a population of squirrels for fifteen years.
During that time, the population was never fewer than thirty
squirrels and never more than forty-five. Her data showed that
over half of the squirrels born did not survive to reproduce,
because of both competition for food and predation. In a single
generation, 90% of the squirrels that were born lived to
reproduce, and the population increased to eighty. Which
inference(s) about this most recent surge in the population size
might be true? Correct Answers D) The amount of available
food may have increased and/or the predators that prey upon
squirrels may have decreased.
) Darwin and Wallace's theory of evolution by natural selection
was revolutionary because it _____. Correct Answers
dismissed the idea that species are constant and emphasized the
importance of variation and change in populations
) Rank the following one-base point mutations (from most likely
to least likely) with respect to their likelihood of affecting the
structure of the corresponding polypeptide.
1. insertion mutation deep within an intron
2. substitution mutation at the third position of an exonic codon
3. substitution mutation at the second position of an exonic
codon
4. deletion mutation within the first exon of the gene Correct
Answers B) 4, 3, 2, 1
1) Which of the following is the best modern definition of
evolution? Correct Answers A) descent with modification
,1) Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in
the origin of life?
I. formation of protobionts
II. synthesis of organic monomers
III. synthesis of organic polymers
IV. formation of DNA-based genetic systems Correct Answers
C) II, III, I, IV
1) Which tree depicts the microsporidians as a sister group of
the ascomycetes? Correct Answers A) I
10) Based on this tree, which statement is NOT correct? Correct
Answers D) Lizards are more closely related to salamanders
than to humans.
10) Refer to the accompanying figure. In every case, caterpillars
that feed on oak flowers look like oak flowers. In every case,
caterpillars that were raised on oak leaves looked like twigs.
These results support which of the following hypotheses?
Correct Answers C) Differences in diet trigger the development
of different types of caterpillars.
10) Which of the following organisms would be most likely to
fossilize? Correct Answers D) a common squirrel
10) Which of the various species concepts distinguishes two
species based on the degree of genetic exchange between their
gene pools? Correct Answers C) biological
,10) Which pair of scientists below would probably have agreed
with the process that is depicted by this tree? Correct Answers
B) Lamarck and Wallace
11) Refer to the accompanying figure. Recall that eggs from the
same female were exposed to each of the eight treatments used.
This aspect of the experimental design tested which of the
following hypotheses? Correct Answers D) The differences
are genetic. A female will either produce all flowerlike
caterpillars or all twig-like caterpillars.
11) The cow Bos primigenius (which is bred for meat and milk)
has a smaller brain and larger eyes than closely related wild
species of ungulates. These traits most likely arose by _____.
Correct Answers C) artificial selection, because changes in
these traits co-occurred with human selection for high milk
output and high muscle content
11) There is still some controversy among biologists about
whether Neanderthals should be placed within the same species
as modern humans or into a separate species of their own. Most
DNA sequence data analyzed so far indicate that there was
probably little or no gene flow between Neanderthals and Homo
sapiens. Which species concept is most applicable in this
example? Correct Answers D) biological
11) We know the streamlined bodies shown in the figure above
are examples of homoplasy. If the following groups also had
streamlined bodies, which of the groupings would give the most
support to this body type being homologous? Correct Answers
, D) lizards, pterosaurs, dinosaurs, birds, synapsids, monotremes,
marsupials, rodents, and primates
11) Which of the following would be LEAST likely in the fossil
record? Correct Answers D) desert-dwelling species
12) Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder in homozygous
recessives that causes death during the teenage years. If 9 in
10,000 newborn babies have the disease, what are the expected
frequencies of the dominant (A1) and recessive (A2) alleles
according to the Hardy-Weinberg model? Correct Answers C)
f(A1) = 0.9700, f(A2) = 0.0300
12) If the half-life of carbon-14 is about 5730 years, then a fossil
that has one-sixteenth the normal proportion of carbon-14 to
carbon-12 should be about how many years old? Correct
Answers D) 22,900
12) Some beetles and flies have antler-like structures on their
heads, much like male deer do. The existence of antlers in
beetle, fly, and deer species with strong male-male competition
is an example of _____. Correct Answers A) convergent
evolution
12) Starting from the wild mustard Brassica oleracea, breeders
have created the strains known as Brussels sprouts, broccoli,
kale, and cabbage. Therefore, which of the following statements
is correct? Correct Answers A) In this wild mustard, there is
enough heritable variation to permit these different varieties.
) A biologist studied a population of squirrels for fifteen years.
During that time, the population was never fewer than thirty
squirrels and never more than forty-five. Her data showed that
over half of the squirrels born did not survive to reproduce,
because of both competition for food and predation. In a single
generation, 90% of the squirrels that were born lived to
reproduce, and the population increased to eighty. Which
inference(s) about this most recent surge in the population size
might be true? Correct Answers D) The amount of available
food may have increased and/or the predators that prey upon
squirrels may have decreased.
) Darwin and Wallace's theory of evolution by natural selection
was revolutionary because it _____. Correct Answers
dismissed the idea that species are constant and emphasized the
importance of variation and change in populations
) Rank the following one-base point mutations (from most likely
to least likely) with respect to their likelihood of affecting the
structure of the corresponding polypeptide.
1. insertion mutation deep within an intron
2. substitution mutation at the third position of an exonic codon
3. substitution mutation at the second position of an exonic
codon
4. deletion mutation within the first exon of the gene Correct
Answers B) 4, 3, 2, 1
1) Which of the following is the best modern definition of
evolution? Correct Answers A) descent with modification
,1) Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in
the origin of life?
I. formation of protobionts
II. synthesis of organic monomers
III. synthesis of organic polymers
IV. formation of DNA-based genetic systems Correct Answers
C) II, III, I, IV
1) Which tree depicts the microsporidians as a sister group of
the ascomycetes? Correct Answers A) I
10) Based on this tree, which statement is NOT correct? Correct
Answers D) Lizards are more closely related to salamanders
than to humans.
10) Refer to the accompanying figure. In every case, caterpillars
that feed on oak flowers look like oak flowers. In every case,
caterpillars that were raised on oak leaves looked like twigs.
These results support which of the following hypotheses?
Correct Answers C) Differences in diet trigger the development
of different types of caterpillars.
10) Which of the following organisms would be most likely to
fossilize? Correct Answers D) a common squirrel
10) Which of the various species concepts distinguishes two
species based on the degree of genetic exchange between their
gene pools? Correct Answers C) biological
,10) Which pair of scientists below would probably have agreed
with the process that is depicted by this tree? Correct Answers
B) Lamarck and Wallace
11) Refer to the accompanying figure. Recall that eggs from the
same female were exposed to each of the eight treatments used.
This aspect of the experimental design tested which of the
following hypotheses? Correct Answers D) The differences
are genetic. A female will either produce all flowerlike
caterpillars or all twig-like caterpillars.
11) The cow Bos primigenius (which is bred for meat and milk)
has a smaller brain and larger eyes than closely related wild
species of ungulates. These traits most likely arose by _____.
Correct Answers C) artificial selection, because changes in
these traits co-occurred with human selection for high milk
output and high muscle content
11) There is still some controversy among biologists about
whether Neanderthals should be placed within the same species
as modern humans or into a separate species of their own. Most
DNA sequence data analyzed so far indicate that there was
probably little or no gene flow between Neanderthals and Homo
sapiens. Which species concept is most applicable in this
example? Correct Answers D) biological
11) We know the streamlined bodies shown in the figure above
are examples of homoplasy. If the following groups also had
streamlined bodies, which of the groupings would give the most
support to this body type being homologous? Correct Answers
, D) lizards, pterosaurs, dinosaurs, birds, synapsids, monotremes,
marsupials, rodents, and primates
11) Which of the following would be LEAST likely in the fossil
record? Correct Answers D) desert-dwelling species
12) Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder in homozygous
recessives that causes death during the teenage years. If 9 in
10,000 newborn babies have the disease, what are the expected
frequencies of the dominant (A1) and recessive (A2) alleles
according to the Hardy-Weinberg model? Correct Answers C)
f(A1) = 0.9700, f(A2) = 0.0300
12) If the half-life of carbon-14 is about 5730 years, then a fossil
that has one-sixteenth the normal proportion of carbon-14 to
carbon-12 should be about how many years old? Correct
Answers D) 22,900
12) Some beetles and flies have antler-like structures on their
heads, much like male deer do. The existence of antlers in
beetle, fly, and deer species with strong male-male competition
is an example of _____. Correct Answers A) convergent
evolution
12) Starting from the wild mustard Brassica oleracea, breeders
have created the strains known as Brussels sprouts, broccoli,
kale, and cabbage. Therefore, which of the following statements
is correct? Correct Answers A) In this wild mustard, there is
enough heritable variation to permit these different varieties.
