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OCCTH 585 Test 1 Questions and Answers
(Expert Solutions)
Q: Where in the cell do action potentials exist?
a) cell body
b) axons
c) dendrites
d) all of the above, 🗹🗹: b) axons
Q: Where in the cell is information received?
a) cell body
b) axons
c) dendrites
d) all of the above, 🗹🗹: c) dendrites
Q: Put the following steps of transmitting an action potential into the correct order.
a) Receptor molecules open up ion channels
b) Action potential activates synaptic bouton
c) Neurotransmitter diffuses across gap to postsynaptic cleft
d) Synaptic vesicles releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
e) Ions flow through into postsynaptic cell
f) Neurotransmitter binds to receptor molecule on postsynaptic cell, 🗹🗹: b) Action
potential activates synaptic bouton
d) Synaptic vesicles releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
c) Neurotransmitter diffuses across gap to postsynaptic cleft
f) Neurotransmitter binds to receptor molecule on postsynaptic cell
a) Receptor molecules open up ion channels
e) Ions flow through into postsynaptic cell
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Q: True or False: Cells receive input from multiple sources coming onto the cell body
and dendrites., 🗹🗹: True.
Q: What are 2 ways that one can change the properties of neurotransmission (forms of
neuroplasticity)?, 🗹🗹: 1. Change in neurotransmitter release
2. Change in the size or shape of the post-synaptic potential
Q: What are 3 forms of neuroplasticity that result in a change in cell properties?,
🗹🗹: 1. Changing size or shape of cell
2. Changing electrical properties (resistance)
3. Changing the leakiness of the membrane
Q: What are the 3 overarching forms of neuroplasticity?, 🗹🗹: 1. Change the
properties of neurotransmission
2. Change cell properties
3. Structural/anatomical changes in cells
Q: True or False: the bulk of the (neuroplasticity) changes that we see in rehab are a
result of structural or anatomical changes in cells., 🗹🗹: False. (This form of
neuroplasticity takes a lot of time, and this is not the bulk of change that we will be
seeing in rehab)
Q: Unmasking is an example of which form of neuroplasticity?
a) Change the properties of neurotransmission
b) Change cell properties
c) Structural/anatomical changes in cells, 🗹🗹: c) Structural/anatomical changes in
cells
Q: Which of the following is responsible for the phenomenon known as phantom limb
syndrome?
a) unmasking
b) collateral sprouting
c) dendritic pruning
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d) neurogenesis, 🗹🗹: a) unmasking
Q: How does dendritic pruning change the function of the cell?, 🗹🗹: It changes the
size and shape of the cell, which therefore changes the function.
Q: True or False: Dendritic pruning happens immediately after an injury., 🗹🗹: False.
(it takes time, as the dendrites will stay there for a while hoping that new inputs will
come in and try to connect)
Q: Why does the body undergo dendritic pruning?, 🗹🗹: Dendrites without input are
metabolically costly, and we don't want to waste energy sustaining something that is
not contributing to anything
Q: True or False: Collateral sprouting is activity dependent., 🗹🗹: True.
Q: True or False: An injury is required to drive collateral sprouting., 🗹🗹: False.
(Think about monkey's fingers that were stimulated. If something is being used a lot, it
will take over territory that is not being used that much - no injury involved)
Q: What are 3 pieces of evidence that we have to support that neurogenesis does occur
in adulthood?, 🗹🗹: 1. Tissues in our body produce new cells (blood, bone
remodelling, etc.)
2. Glial cells produce new cells in response to injury
3. Neurogenesis occurs in vertebrate species
Q: In which 2 areas of the brain do neural stem cells exist?, 🗹🗹: 1. Lateral ventricle
2. Hippocampus
Q: Neurogenesis in the lateral ventricle is involved in which function?
a) Injury repair
b) Replacing cells lost in wear and tear
c) Memory retention
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d) All of the above, 🗹🗹: b) Replacing cells lost in wear and tear (replacing olfactory
bulb cells that are being sloughed off every time we sneeze or blow our nose)
Q: Neurogenesis in the hippocampus is involved in which function?
a) Injury repair
b) Replacing cells lost in wear and tear
c) Memory retention
d) All of the above, 🗹🗹: c) Memory retention
Q: What is the leading hypothesis for how we replace locked memories?, 🗹🗹: There
is a high turnover rate in a very specialized region on the hippocampus (we destroy the
cell and replace it with something new, resulting in changes to the entire network)
Q: Which of the following do we know that the human system is incapable of doing?
a) Carrying out neurogenesis in the adult nervous system
b) Creating new neurons
c) Embedding new neurons in the nervous system
d) Using the new neurons in a functional role
e) The human system is capable of all of these things., 🗹🗹: d) Using the new neurons
in a functional role
Q: What are the 3 main steps that neural stem cells have to undergo to become
neurons?, 🗹🗹: 1. Proliferation
2. Migration
3. Differentiation
Q: What is likely to happen if proliferation of neural stem cells is not tightly controlled
or regulated?, 🗹🗹: Creation of tumors
Q: Alongside neurogenesis, what is required so that the cells behave the way that we
want them to?, 🗹🗹: Rehabilitation and being embedded into a network that is being
guided through the desired behaviour and function
OCCTH 585 Test 1 Questions and Answers
(Expert Solutions)
Q: Where in the cell do action potentials exist?
a) cell body
b) axons
c) dendrites
d) all of the above, 🗹🗹: b) axons
Q: Where in the cell is information received?
a) cell body
b) axons
c) dendrites
d) all of the above, 🗹🗹: c) dendrites
Q: Put the following steps of transmitting an action potential into the correct order.
a) Receptor molecules open up ion channels
b) Action potential activates synaptic bouton
c) Neurotransmitter diffuses across gap to postsynaptic cleft
d) Synaptic vesicles releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
e) Ions flow through into postsynaptic cell
f) Neurotransmitter binds to receptor molecule on postsynaptic cell, 🗹🗹: b) Action
potential activates synaptic bouton
d) Synaptic vesicles releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
c) Neurotransmitter diffuses across gap to postsynaptic cleft
f) Neurotransmitter binds to receptor molecule on postsynaptic cell
a) Receptor molecules open up ion channels
e) Ions flow through into postsynaptic cell
, Page | 2
Q: True or False: Cells receive input from multiple sources coming onto the cell body
and dendrites., 🗹🗹: True.
Q: What are 2 ways that one can change the properties of neurotransmission (forms of
neuroplasticity)?, 🗹🗹: 1. Change in neurotransmitter release
2. Change in the size or shape of the post-synaptic potential
Q: What are 3 forms of neuroplasticity that result in a change in cell properties?,
🗹🗹: 1. Changing size or shape of cell
2. Changing electrical properties (resistance)
3. Changing the leakiness of the membrane
Q: What are the 3 overarching forms of neuroplasticity?, 🗹🗹: 1. Change the
properties of neurotransmission
2. Change cell properties
3. Structural/anatomical changes in cells
Q: True or False: the bulk of the (neuroplasticity) changes that we see in rehab are a
result of structural or anatomical changes in cells., 🗹🗹: False. (This form of
neuroplasticity takes a lot of time, and this is not the bulk of change that we will be
seeing in rehab)
Q: Unmasking is an example of which form of neuroplasticity?
a) Change the properties of neurotransmission
b) Change cell properties
c) Structural/anatomical changes in cells, 🗹🗹: c) Structural/anatomical changes in
cells
Q: Which of the following is responsible for the phenomenon known as phantom limb
syndrome?
a) unmasking
b) collateral sprouting
c) dendritic pruning
, Page | 3
d) neurogenesis, 🗹🗹: a) unmasking
Q: How does dendritic pruning change the function of the cell?, 🗹🗹: It changes the
size and shape of the cell, which therefore changes the function.
Q: True or False: Dendritic pruning happens immediately after an injury., 🗹🗹: False.
(it takes time, as the dendrites will stay there for a while hoping that new inputs will
come in and try to connect)
Q: Why does the body undergo dendritic pruning?, 🗹🗹: Dendrites without input are
metabolically costly, and we don't want to waste energy sustaining something that is
not contributing to anything
Q: True or False: Collateral sprouting is activity dependent., 🗹🗹: True.
Q: True or False: An injury is required to drive collateral sprouting., 🗹🗹: False.
(Think about monkey's fingers that were stimulated. If something is being used a lot, it
will take over territory that is not being used that much - no injury involved)
Q: What are 3 pieces of evidence that we have to support that neurogenesis does occur
in adulthood?, 🗹🗹: 1. Tissues in our body produce new cells (blood, bone
remodelling, etc.)
2. Glial cells produce new cells in response to injury
3. Neurogenesis occurs in vertebrate species
Q: In which 2 areas of the brain do neural stem cells exist?, 🗹🗹: 1. Lateral ventricle
2. Hippocampus
Q: Neurogenesis in the lateral ventricle is involved in which function?
a) Injury repair
b) Replacing cells lost in wear and tear
c) Memory retention
, Page | 4
d) All of the above, 🗹🗹: b) Replacing cells lost in wear and tear (replacing olfactory
bulb cells that are being sloughed off every time we sneeze or blow our nose)
Q: Neurogenesis in the hippocampus is involved in which function?
a) Injury repair
b) Replacing cells lost in wear and tear
c) Memory retention
d) All of the above, 🗹🗹: c) Memory retention
Q: What is the leading hypothesis for how we replace locked memories?, 🗹🗹: There
is a high turnover rate in a very specialized region on the hippocampus (we destroy the
cell and replace it with something new, resulting in changes to the entire network)
Q: Which of the following do we know that the human system is incapable of doing?
a) Carrying out neurogenesis in the adult nervous system
b) Creating new neurons
c) Embedding new neurons in the nervous system
d) Using the new neurons in a functional role
e) The human system is capable of all of these things., 🗹🗹: d) Using the new neurons
in a functional role
Q: What are the 3 main steps that neural stem cells have to undergo to become
neurons?, 🗹🗹: 1. Proliferation
2. Migration
3. Differentiation
Q: What is likely to happen if proliferation of neural stem cells is not tightly controlled
or regulated?, 🗹🗹: Creation of tumors
Q: Alongside neurogenesis, what is required so that the cells behave the way that we
want them to?, 🗹🗹: Rehabilitation and being embedded into a network that is being
guided through the desired behaviour and function
