NUR2474 : Pharmacology for Professional Nursing Final Exam 2
Review (Latest 2024/2025) Questions and Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationales 2025
1. What is the primary action of beta-blockers such as metoprolol?
a. Increase heart rate
b. Decrease blood pressure by vasodilation
c. Decrease heart rate and myocardial contractility
d. Stimulate beta-2 receptors in the lungs
Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and myocardial contractility by blocking beta-1
adrenergic receptors, leading to lower blood pressure and decreased cardiac
workload.
2. Which lab value must be monitored closely in a patient taking furosemide?
a. Hemoglobin
b. Potassium
c. Calcium
d. Creatinine kinase
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium loss, leading to
hypokalemia.
3. A patient is prescribed warfarin. Which food should they avoid?
a. Bananas
b. Spinach
,c. Chicken
d. Apples
Spinach is high in vitamin K, which antagonizes the effect of warfarin.
4. What is the antidote for heparin overdose?
a. Vitamin K
b. Protamine sulfate
c. Naloxone
d. Atropine
Protamine sulfate neutralizes heparin’s anticoagulant effect.
5. What should be assessed before administering digoxin?
a. Respiratory rate
b. Oxygen saturation
c. Apical pulse for 1 full minute
d. Temperature
Bradycardia is a potential side effect; apical pulse should be ≥60 bpm before
giving digoxin.
6. A client taking lisinopril reports a persistent cough. What is the appropriate
action?
a. Continue medication and monitor
b. Notify the healthcare provider
c. Encourage fluids
d. Advise lozenges
A persistent dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors and may require
a medication change.
, 7. What is a common side effect of nitroglycerin?
a. Constipation
b. Headache
c. Bradycardia
d. Tinnitus
Nitroglycerin causes vasodilation, which often leads to headaches due to
increased intracranial blood flow.
8. A nurse is preparing to administer insulin lispro. When should this insulin be
given?
a. 30 minutes before meals
b. Within 15 minutes of a meal
c. 1 hour before meals
d. At bedtime
Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that should be administered close to mealtime to
prevent hypoglycemia.
9. A patient taking levothyroxine reports weight loss and palpitations. What
should the nurse suspect?
a. Hypothyroidism is worsening
b. Overdose or toxicity
c. Drug interaction
d. Poor adherence
Symptoms like weight loss and palpitations suggest excess thyroid hormone
levels.
Review (Latest 2024/2025) Questions and Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationales 2025
1. What is the primary action of beta-blockers such as metoprolol?
a. Increase heart rate
b. Decrease blood pressure by vasodilation
c. Decrease heart rate and myocardial contractility
d. Stimulate beta-2 receptors in the lungs
Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and myocardial contractility by blocking beta-1
adrenergic receptors, leading to lower blood pressure and decreased cardiac
workload.
2. Which lab value must be monitored closely in a patient taking furosemide?
a. Hemoglobin
b. Potassium
c. Calcium
d. Creatinine kinase
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium loss, leading to
hypokalemia.
3. A patient is prescribed warfarin. Which food should they avoid?
a. Bananas
b. Spinach
,c. Chicken
d. Apples
Spinach is high in vitamin K, which antagonizes the effect of warfarin.
4. What is the antidote for heparin overdose?
a. Vitamin K
b. Protamine sulfate
c. Naloxone
d. Atropine
Protamine sulfate neutralizes heparin’s anticoagulant effect.
5. What should be assessed before administering digoxin?
a. Respiratory rate
b. Oxygen saturation
c. Apical pulse for 1 full minute
d. Temperature
Bradycardia is a potential side effect; apical pulse should be ≥60 bpm before
giving digoxin.
6. A client taking lisinopril reports a persistent cough. What is the appropriate
action?
a. Continue medication and monitor
b. Notify the healthcare provider
c. Encourage fluids
d. Advise lozenges
A persistent dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors and may require
a medication change.
, 7. What is a common side effect of nitroglycerin?
a. Constipation
b. Headache
c. Bradycardia
d. Tinnitus
Nitroglycerin causes vasodilation, which often leads to headaches due to
increased intracranial blood flow.
8. A nurse is preparing to administer insulin lispro. When should this insulin be
given?
a. 30 minutes before meals
b. Within 15 minutes of a meal
c. 1 hour before meals
d. At bedtime
Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that should be administered close to mealtime to
prevent hypoglycemia.
9. A patient taking levothyroxine reports weight loss and palpitations. What
should the nurse suspect?
a. Hypothyroidism is worsening
b. Overdose or toxicity
c. Drug interaction
d. Poor adherence
Symptoms like weight loss and palpitations suggest excess thyroid hormone
levels.
