UTA PLANT EXAM #2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Ray initials - ANSWER-Short and cuboidal that produce xylem and phloem
parenchyma that:
-Storage
Albuminous cell (in gymnosperms)
Wood - ANSWER-Secondary xylem; interior to the vascular cambium
Conifer wood (softwoods) - ANSWER--Cell types: tracheids, fibers, parenchyma
-Resin ducts: Ducts lined with parenchyma to secrete resin; possibl for healing
Angiosperms (hardwood) - ANSWER-Cell types: tracheids, fibers, parenchyma, and
vessel elements
Transverse - ANSWER-Cut parallel to the ground
Radial - ANSWER-Cut that takes the radius of the stem
Tangential - ANSWER-Cut vertical; does not cross the center
Tracheids of conifers are characterized by ____-____ on _________ walls -
ANSWER-Pit-pairs, radial
Each pit-pair has - ANSWER-A torus and a margo
Torus - ANSWER-A thickened central portion of the pit membrane that is
impenetrable to water
Margo - ANSWER-Porous region that allows for movement of water
Early wood - ANSWER-Formed in the spring; has a high proportion of wide vessels
and tracheids
Late wood - ANSWER-Formed in summer; few vessels or narrower thick-walled
tracheids
When is there no growth in ring? - ANSWER-During winter
Ring porous - ANSWER-Vessels found mostly in early wood
Diffuse porous - ANSWER-Vessels distributed throughout annular ring
Dendrochronology - ANSWER-The study of growth of rings of trees
Why can trees be a rain gauge in semiarid regions? - ANSWER-The wider the
annular ring, the more rain occurred that year.
, Reaction wood - ANSWER-A developmental response by leaning branch to
counteract the force of gravity
Compression (conifers) - ANSWER-Reaction wood that develops on the underside
(enriched with lignin)
Tension (angiosperms) - ANSWER-Reaction wood that develops on the upperside
(enriched with celllulose)
Bark - ANSWER-All tissues to the outside of the vascular cambium including the
phloem and periderm
The axial system of secondary phloem - ANSWER-Is responsible for conduction up
and down the stem root
Only the ______________ layer of phloem is capable of conduction - ANSWER-
Innermost
Periderm - ANSWER-The dermal tissue of the secondary plant body; replaces the
epidermis
(cork cells, cork cambium, phelloderm)
What makes up the outer bark? - ANSWER-Cork and Cork cambium
The cork cambium arises _________________ ______________ the epidermis -
ANSWER-Immediately beneath
The periderm deposits ______________ to the external side and the
__________________ to the internal side - ANSWER-Cork, phelloderm
Outer cells of the periderm differentiates into - ANSWER-Cork (phellem)
Cork cells become encrusted with - ANSWER-Suberin and die, making them
waterproof and chemically inert
Inner bark is living tissue, while outer bark is - ANSWER-Dead tissue
The impermeability of cork - ANSWER--conserves water
-increases pathogen/pest resistance
-blocks absorption of oxygen
The bark becomes permeable to oxygen when - ANSWER-Rounded cork cell are
produced
Lenticles - ANSWER-Regions of aerenchymatous cork that arises interior to new
cork cambium of many intercellular spaces that allow for gas exchange
Primary root fuctions - ANSWER--Anchorage
-Absorption
ANSWERS
Ray initials - ANSWER-Short and cuboidal that produce xylem and phloem
parenchyma that:
-Storage
Albuminous cell (in gymnosperms)
Wood - ANSWER-Secondary xylem; interior to the vascular cambium
Conifer wood (softwoods) - ANSWER--Cell types: tracheids, fibers, parenchyma
-Resin ducts: Ducts lined with parenchyma to secrete resin; possibl for healing
Angiosperms (hardwood) - ANSWER-Cell types: tracheids, fibers, parenchyma, and
vessel elements
Transverse - ANSWER-Cut parallel to the ground
Radial - ANSWER-Cut that takes the radius of the stem
Tangential - ANSWER-Cut vertical; does not cross the center
Tracheids of conifers are characterized by ____-____ on _________ walls -
ANSWER-Pit-pairs, radial
Each pit-pair has - ANSWER-A torus and a margo
Torus - ANSWER-A thickened central portion of the pit membrane that is
impenetrable to water
Margo - ANSWER-Porous region that allows for movement of water
Early wood - ANSWER-Formed in the spring; has a high proportion of wide vessels
and tracheids
Late wood - ANSWER-Formed in summer; few vessels or narrower thick-walled
tracheids
When is there no growth in ring? - ANSWER-During winter
Ring porous - ANSWER-Vessels found mostly in early wood
Diffuse porous - ANSWER-Vessels distributed throughout annular ring
Dendrochronology - ANSWER-The study of growth of rings of trees
Why can trees be a rain gauge in semiarid regions? - ANSWER-The wider the
annular ring, the more rain occurred that year.
, Reaction wood - ANSWER-A developmental response by leaning branch to
counteract the force of gravity
Compression (conifers) - ANSWER-Reaction wood that develops on the underside
(enriched with lignin)
Tension (angiosperms) - ANSWER-Reaction wood that develops on the upperside
(enriched with celllulose)
Bark - ANSWER-All tissues to the outside of the vascular cambium including the
phloem and periderm
The axial system of secondary phloem - ANSWER-Is responsible for conduction up
and down the stem root
Only the ______________ layer of phloem is capable of conduction - ANSWER-
Innermost
Periderm - ANSWER-The dermal tissue of the secondary plant body; replaces the
epidermis
(cork cells, cork cambium, phelloderm)
What makes up the outer bark? - ANSWER-Cork and Cork cambium
The cork cambium arises _________________ ______________ the epidermis -
ANSWER-Immediately beneath
The periderm deposits ______________ to the external side and the
__________________ to the internal side - ANSWER-Cork, phelloderm
Outer cells of the periderm differentiates into - ANSWER-Cork (phellem)
Cork cells become encrusted with - ANSWER-Suberin and die, making them
waterproof and chemically inert
Inner bark is living tissue, while outer bark is - ANSWER-Dead tissue
The impermeability of cork - ANSWER--conserves water
-increases pathogen/pest resistance
-blocks absorption of oxygen
The bark becomes permeable to oxygen when - ANSWER-Rounded cork cell are
produced
Lenticles - ANSWER-Regions of aerenchymatous cork that arises interior to new
cork cambium of many intercellular spaces that allow for gas exchange
Primary root fuctions - ANSWER--Anchorage
-Absorption
