NREMT ADVANCED-EMT QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (RATED A +)

NREMT ADVANCED-EMT QUESTIONS
& ANSWERS (RATED A +)


Initial Assessment: B-SMNAC -ANSWERS- BSI (body substance isolation);
- Scene Safety;
- Mechanism of Injury (MOI)/Nature of Illness (NOI);
- Number of Patients;
- Assistance (additional units, Fire, Police, etc.);
- C-spine (and/or C-collar)

Initial Assessment: G-CAAT -ANSWERS- General Impression;
- Chief Complaints, Life Threats (hemorrhage);
- AVPU;
- ABC's (airway, breathing, circulation);
- Transport Decision (Load and Go or Stay and Play)

Toxidromes -ANSWERSThe SxS related to a certain group of chemicals.

Retrograde Amnesia -ANSWERSInability to remember events that happened before an
event/trauma.

Anterograde Amnesia -ANSWERSInability to remember events that happened after an
event/trauma.

Septum - 2 Sub Types -ANSWERSSeparates the two halves of the heart.
Interatrial and Interventricular

NSAID -ANSWERSNonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug

Antipyretic Agent -ANSWERSInhibits Prostaglandins
Acts on hypothalamus, heat regulation center.
Vasodilation & Sweating

Platelet Inhibitor -ANSWERSPrevents formation of thromboxane A2

Decreased Afterload Effects -ANSWERSDecreased Arteriole Pressure = Decreased
Aortic Pressure = Left Ventricle Works Better

mg to mcg -ANSWERS1mg to 1000mcg

,CPR - Mouth-to-Mouth -ANSWERSOnly if the rescuer feels comfortable and no other
options are present.

Sellick Maneuver - Pressure Placement Site -ANSWERSFirst Cartilaginous Ring Below
the Thyroid Cartilage

Restraint Types - Airbag -ANSWERSSupplemental Restraint


Components of General Impression -ANSWERSASSS-FLOP-VD:
- Apparent state of health;
- Skin color, obvious lesions;
- Signs of distress;
- Sexual development;
- Facial expressions;
- Level of consciousness;
- Odors;
- Posture, Motor, Gait;
- Vital statistics;
- Dress, Grooming, Hygiene

Components of AVPU -ANSWERS- Alert;
- responds to Verbal stimuli;
- responds to Painful stimuli;
- Unresponsive

Secondary Assessment: OPQRST-I -ANSWERSespecially for Respiratory and Cardiac
patients:
- Onset;
- Provocation/Palliation;
- Quality;
- Radiation;
- Scale/Severity;
- Time;
- Interventions

What is OPQRST? -ANSWERSa mnemonic for remembering the questions to ask when
assessing the patient's chief complaint or major symptoms

Onset -ANSWERS- When and how did the symptom begin?
- Ask the patient if the onset was sudden or gradual.
- Also determine if the onset was associated with a particular activity.

Provocation/palliation: -ANSWERS- What makes the symptom worse?
- What makes the symptom better?

,Quality -ANSWERSHow would you describe the pain?

Radiation -ANSWERS- Where do you feel the pain?;
- Where does the pain go?

Scale/Severity -ANSWERS- On a scale from 0 to 10, with 10 being the worst.
- How bad is the symptom?

Time -ANSWERS- Determine if the symptom has been present for minutes, hours,
days, weeks, months, or years;
- The length of time the symptoms are present is important to document

Secondary Assessment: SAMPLE -ANSWERS- Signs and Symptoms (history of
present issues);
- Allergies;
- Medications;
- Past Medical History, Pertinent Negatives;
- Last Oral Intake;
- Events (leading to present: trauma or medical)

Secondary Assessment: V-FITD -ANSWERS- Vital Signs, baseline (VS);
- Focused Physical Exam (performed);
- Interventions (RX's per medical direction, etc.);
- Transport (re-evaluate decision);
- Detailed Physical Exam (verbalized);

Order of Initial Assessment -ANSWERS- B-SMNAC;
- G-CAAT;

Order of Secondary Assessment -ANSWERS- OPQRST-I;
- SAMPLE;
- V-FITD

S1 -ANSWERS"Lub"
Caused by the closing of the Mitral (Bicuspid) and Tricuspid atrioventricular valves.

S2 -ANSWERS"Dub"
Caused by blood closing the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic).

S3 -ANSWERS"Ta"
Oft referred to as the galloping heart, caused by blood sloshing around in a compliant
left ventricle.

S4 -ANSWERSA rare noise in the middle of "lub," caused by a failing left ventricle and
best heard in the cardiac apex.
Ta-LUB-dub, ta-LUB-dub

, Decreased Preload Effects -ANSWERS1. Venous Dilation = Decreased Preload =
Decreased Heart Size
2. Decreased Heart Size = Increased Blood Flow to Coronary and Collateral Vessels =
Myocardial Perfusion is Improved

A parasympatholytic drug blocks the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system by?
-ANSWERSBinding to receptors and blocking the release of acetylcholine.

Sympathetic Nervous System - Other Name -ANSWERSAdrenergic Nervous System

Medications typically administered via the subcutaneous route? -ANSWERSInsulin
Epinephrine

Which of the following is NOT a form of liquid drug? -ANSWERSCapsule

Which of the following physiologic responses would you expect to occur following
administration of a drug that possesses alpha-1 (α1) properties? -ANSWERSPeripheral
Vasoconstriction

The function of a drug or the particular action of a drug on an organism is called: -
ANSWERSMechanism of Action

Cushing's Reflex (Define) -ANSWERSAttempt by the body to compensate for a decline
in cerebral perfusion by increasing the mean arteriole pressure.

Cushing's Triad -ANSWERSSxS of Increased Intracranial Pressure
Increased Systolic Pressure
Widened Pulse Pressure
Decreased Pulse and Respiratory Rate

PAT: Pediatric Assessment Triangle -ANSWERSGeneral Appearance
Work of Breathing
Circulation to the Skin

TICLS -ANSWERSTone
Interactiveness
Consolability (Agitable)
Look (Gaze)
Speech (Cry)

Commotio Cordis -ANSWERSA direct blow to the thorax during the hearts
depolarization period - possibly causing the patient to experience V-Fib.

Dromotropic Agent - Effect -ANSWERSEffects the hearts conduction velocity.