NUR2063 ESSENTIALS OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen develops stretch
marks - •
ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor -
Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe psychiatric
disturbance -
Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels
clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus - polyuria, nocturia, continuous thirst, and
polydipsia
clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome? - Excessive secretion of cortisol causes
redistribution of fat, "moon face", "buffalo" hump on the back and pendulous abdomen. -
clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism - Weakness. -
Fatigue. - Cold intolerance. -
Constipation. -
Weight gain. -
Depression. - Joint or
muscle pain. - Brittle
fingernails.
clinical manifestations of primary hypothyroidism - fatigue. -
lethargy. - sensitivity to cold. - depression. - muscle
weakness.
clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism - hypertension and hypokalemia
, clinical manifestations of secondary aldosteronism - High blood pressure. -
Low level of potassium in the blood. -
Feeling tired all the time. -
Headache. - Muscle weakness. -
Numbness.
What is myxedema? - severe hypothyroidism; non pitting edema
What are the causes of hypothyroidism? - Hashimoto's disease: most common when
the immune system attacks the thyroid cells
- after surgical or radioactive treatment for hyperthyroidism
- head or neck radiation for cancer
- iodine deficiency
What are the three p's in diabetes? - polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
What is the difference between primary and secondary endocrine disorders? - Primary
endocrine disease inhibits the action of downstream glands, malfunction of the hormone
producing gland; Secondary endocrine disease is indicative of a problem with the pituitary
gland.
What is the cause of Cushing syndrome? - Excessive corticosteroids
What is acute gastritis? - Transient inflammation of the gastric mucosa
What is chronic gastritis? - Chronic mucosal inflammatory changes leading to atrophy
and intestinal metaplasia. This is mostly due to H. Pylori, but in some cases it can be
autoimmune.
What causes gastritis? - Acute - circulatory disturbances (shock) and exposure to
exogenous irritants (drugs [aspirin], alcohol, chemicals, lactose intolerance) Chronic
- cause is unknown
is probably mediated by immunologic mechanism or related to infection with H. pylori
What is amenorrhea? - - absence of menstruation
What is metrorrhagia? - - bleeding between periods
What are the functions of the kidneys? - Regulation of blood pressure; regulating blood
osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen develops stretch
marks - •
ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor -
Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe psychiatric
disturbance -
Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels
clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus - polyuria, nocturia, continuous thirst, and
polydipsia
clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome? - Excessive secretion of cortisol causes
redistribution of fat, "moon face", "buffalo" hump on the back and pendulous abdomen. -
clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism - Weakness. -
Fatigue. - Cold intolerance. -
Constipation. -
Weight gain. -
Depression. - Joint or
muscle pain. - Brittle
fingernails.
clinical manifestations of primary hypothyroidism - fatigue. -
lethargy. - sensitivity to cold. - depression. - muscle
weakness.
clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism - hypertension and hypokalemia
, clinical manifestations of secondary aldosteronism - High blood pressure. -
Low level of potassium in the blood. -
Feeling tired all the time. -
Headache. - Muscle weakness. -
Numbness.
What is myxedema? - severe hypothyroidism; non pitting edema
What are the causes of hypothyroidism? - Hashimoto's disease: most common when
the immune system attacks the thyroid cells
- after surgical or radioactive treatment for hyperthyroidism
- head or neck radiation for cancer
- iodine deficiency
What are the three p's in diabetes? - polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
What is the difference between primary and secondary endocrine disorders? - Primary
endocrine disease inhibits the action of downstream glands, malfunction of the hormone
producing gland; Secondary endocrine disease is indicative of a problem with the pituitary
gland.
What is the cause of Cushing syndrome? - Excessive corticosteroids
What is acute gastritis? - Transient inflammation of the gastric mucosa
What is chronic gastritis? - Chronic mucosal inflammatory changes leading to atrophy
and intestinal metaplasia. This is mostly due to H. Pylori, but in some cases it can be
autoimmune.
What causes gastritis? - Acute - circulatory disturbances (shock) and exposure to
exogenous irritants (drugs [aspirin], alcohol, chemicals, lactose intolerance) Chronic
- cause is unknown
is probably mediated by immunologic mechanism or related to infection with H. pylori
What is amenorrhea? - - absence of menstruation
What is metrorrhagia? - - bleeding between periods
What are the functions of the kidneys? - Regulation of blood pressure; regulating blood
osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D
