NCLEX/RN Actual Exam with Verified Answers.
Latest Version 2025/2026
Is a process of learning a different culture to adapt to a new or changing environment? Answer:
Acculturation.
It is a subjective perspective of the person's heritage and a sense of belonging to a group Answer:
Ethnic identity
Include meditation, relaxation techniques, imagery, music therapy, massage, touch, laughter,
C
humor, & spiritual measures (prayer) Answer: Low-risk therapies:
LE
Because of their health & dietary practices, Native Americans, Latino Americans, Hispanic
Americans, & African Americans Answer: High risk of obesity & diabetes mellitus
ST
Surgery is not prohibited, but the administration of blood and blood products is forbidden. This
religious group believes the soul cannot live after death. Administration of medication is an
acceptable practice except if the medication is derived from blood products Answer: Jehovah's
BE
Witnesses
Believers adhere to dietary kosher laws. In this religion, the dairy-meat combination is
unacceptable. Only fish that have scales and fins are allowed; meats that are allowed include
animals that are vegetable eaters, cloven-hoofed, and ritually slaughtered Answer: Orthodox
Judaism
include whole medical systems, mind-body medicine, biologically based practices, manipulative
& body-based practices, & energy medicine Answer: Five categories of complementary and
alternative medicine (CAM):
Focused, maintains strong control, makes decisions, & addresses all problems. Dominates group
& commands, rather than seeks suggestions or input. Manager addresses problem (quality
,improvement) with taff, designs a plan without input, & wants all problems reported directly
back to her Answer: Autocratic leader
Participative & would likely meet with each staff person individually to determine staff
member's perception of problem. Would also speak with the staff about any issues & ask the staff
for input with developing a plan Answer: Democratic leader
Passive and nondirective. Would state what the problem was & inform staff that the staff needed
to come up with a plan to "fix it." - Laissez-faire leader
Assessment findings include cough, dyspnea, crackles, tachypnea, tachycardia, elevated blood
pressure, bounding pulse, elevated CVP, weight gain, edema, neck & hand vein distention,
C
altered LOC, & decreased hematocrit Answer: Overhydration or fluid overload & occurs when
fluid intake or fluid retention LE
Avocado, bananas, cantaloupe, carrots, fish, mushrooms, oranges, potatoes, pork, beef, veal,
raisins, spinach, strawberries, & tomatoes Answer: Common food sources of potassium:
ST
Muscle weakness, increased urinary output, & decreased specific gravity of the urine would be
noted Answer: Hyponatremia
BE
Causative factors relate to malnutrition or starvation & the use of aluminum hydroxide-based or
magnesium-based antacids. Malnutrition is associated with alcoholism Answer:
Hypophosphatemia
Renal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, & tumor lysis syndrome; causative factors. Should
avoid foods high in phosphates; fish, eggs, milk products, vegetables, whole grains, &
carbonated beverages Answer: Hyperphosphatemia
Vomiting, diarrhea, conditions that increased respiration's or increased urinary output,
insufficient intravenous fluid replacement, draining fistulas, presence of ileostomy or colostomy.
Diuretics, & gastrointestinal suctioning Answer: Causes of a fluid volume deficit
,Decreased kidney function, heart failure, hypotonic fluids to replace isotonic fluid losses,
excessive irrigation of wounds & body cavities, & excessive ingestion of sodium Answer:
Causes of overhydration or fluid overload:
Trauma, burns, sepsis, or metabolic or respiratory acidosis Answer: Hyperkalemia causes:
Cushing's syndrome or colitis & over use of laxatives Answer: Hypokalemia causes:
Decreased pH & decreased HCO3. Occurs in kidney disease; diabetic ketoacidosis; high fat diet;
insufficient metabolism of carbohydrates; malnutrition; ingestion of toxins, such as
C
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin); malnutrition; severe diarrhea. Intestinal secretion high in
bicarbonate & may be lost through enteric drainage tubes, an ileostomy, or diarrhea Answer:
Metabolic acidotic
LE
Nausea & vomiting. Loss of gastric acid, cause pH & HCO3 to increase. Symptoms experienced
ST
would include hypoventilation & tachycardia Answer: Metabolic alkalosis
Decreased pH and an increased CO2. Hypoventalation & COPD Answer: Respiratory acidotic
BE
Increased pH & decreased CO2. Hyperventalation, Lethargy, lightheadedness, confusion,
tachycardia, dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, numbness
& tingling of extremities. Hyperventilation (tachypnea) occurs Answer: Respiratory alkalotic
Sample for PT & INR level to determine anticoagulation status & risk for bleeding Answer:
Warfarin (Coumadin)
aPTT monitors the effects. Anticoagulant used most often during hemodialysis. Monitors extent
of anticoagulation checking PTT, which is appropriate measure heparin effect. Protamine sulfate
is antidoteAnswer: Heparin
, Dark green leafy vegetables good source iron, oranges are a good source of vitamin C, which
enhances iron absorptionAnswer: Iron deficiency anemia foods in diet:
May lack B12 in dietAnswer: Vegans
Include fruits & vegetables Answer:Low sodium foods:
Highly processed or refined foods (tomato soup, instant oatmeal), Saltwater fish & shellfish.
Smoked foods, Answer: High Sodium foods:
Water, bouillon, clear broth, carbonated beverages, gelatin, hard candy, lemonade, ice pops, and
C
regular or decaffeinated coffee or tea Answer: Clear liquid diet:
LE
Pulling, Vegetable juice, Pureed vegetables, plain ice cream, sherbet, breakfast drinks, milk,
pudding & custard, soups that are strained, refined cooked cereals, & strained vegetable juices
Answer: Full liquid diet:
ST
Pork products rich in this vitamin. Other good food sources include nuts, whole grain cereals, &
legumes Answer: High Thiamine foods
BE
On the left side, with the head lower than the feet. This position used to minimize effect of air
traveling as a bolus to lungs by trapping it in right side of heart Answer: Suspects air embolism.
Should immediately place client in which position?
Assess for known allergies to eggs to prevent anaphylaxis Answer: Fat emulsion (lipids)
Signs include excessive thirst, fatigue, restlessness, confusion, weakness, Kussmaul's
respirations, diuresis, & coma when severe. If has these symptoms, blood glucose level should be
checked immediately Answer: Hyperglycemia:
Latest Version 2025/2026
Is a process of learning a different culture to adapt to a new or changing environment? Answer:
Acculturation.
It is a subjective perspective of the person's heritage and a sense of belonging to a group Answer:
Ethnic identity
Include meditation, relaxation techniques, imagery, music therapy, massage, touch, laughter,
C
humor, & spiritual measures (prayer) Answer: Low-risk therapies:
LE
Because of their health & dietary practices, Native Americans, Latino Americans, Hispanic
Americans, & African Americans Answer: High risk of obesity & diabetes mellitus
ST
Surgery is not prohibited, but the administration of blood and blood products is forbidden. This
religious group believes the soul cannot live after death. Administration of medication is an
acceptable practice except if the medication is derived from blood products Answer: Jehovah's
BE
Witnesses
Believers adhere to dietary kosher laws. In this religion, the dairy-meat combination is
unacceptable. Only fish that have scales and fins are allowed; meats that are allowed include
animals that are vegetable eaters, cloven-hoofed, and ritually slaughtered Answer: Orthodox
Judaism
include whole medical systems, mind-body medicine, biologically based practices, manipulative
& body-based practices, & energy medicine Answer: Five categories of complementary and
alternative medicine (CAM):
Focused, maintains strong control, makes decisions, & addresses all problems. Dominates group
& commands, rather than seeks suggestions or input. Manager addresses problem (quality
,improvement) with taff, designs a plan without input, & wants all problems reported directly
back to her Answer: Autocratic leader
Participative & would likely meet with each staff person individually to determine staff
member's perception of problem. Would also speak with the staff about any issues & ask the staff
for input with developing a plan Answer: Democratic leader
Passive and nondirective. Would state what the problem was & inform staff that the staff needed
to come up with a plan to "fix it." - Laissez-faire leader
Assessment findings include cough, dyspnea, crackles, tachypnea, tachycardia, elevated blood
pressure, bounding pulse, elevated CVP, weight gain, edema, neck & hand vein distention,
C
altered LOC, & decreased hematocrit Answer: Overhydration or fluid overload & occurs when
fluid intake or fluid retention LE
Avocado, bananas, cantaloupe, carrots, fish, mushrooms, oranges, potatoes, pork, beef, veal,
raisins, spinach, strawberries, & tomatoes Answer: Common food sources of potassium:
ST
Muscle weakness, increased urinary output, & decreased specific gravity of the urine would be
noted Answer: Hyponatremia
BE
Causative factors relate to malnutrition or starvation & the use of aluminum hydroxide-based or
magnesium-based antacids. Malnutrition is associated with alcoholism Answer:
Hypophosphatemia
Renal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, & tumor lysis syndrome; causative factors. Should
avoid foods high in phosphates; fish, eggs, milk products, vegetables, whole grains, &
carbonated beverages Answer: Hyperphosphatemia
Vomiting, diarrhea, conditions that increased respiration's or increased urinary output,
insufficient intravenous fluid replacement, draining fistulas, presence of ileostomy or colostomy.
Diuretics, & gastrointestinal suctioning Answer: Causes of a fluid volume deficit
,Decreased kidney function, heart failure, hypotonic fluids to replace isotonic fluid losses,
excessive irrigation of wounds & body cavities, & excessive ingestion of sodium Answer:
Causes of overhydration or fluid overload:
Trauma, burns, sepsis, or metabolic or respiratory acidosis Answer: Hyperkalemia causes:
Cushing's syndrome or colitis & over use of laxatives Answer: Hypokalemia causes:
Decreased pH & decreased HCO3. Occurs in kidney disease; diabetic ketoacidosis; high fat diet;
insufficient metabolism of carbohydrates; malnutrition; ingestion of toxins, such as
C
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin); malnutrition; severe diarrhea. Intestinal secretion high in
bicarbonate & may be lost through enteric drainage tubes, an ileostomy, or diarrhea Answer:
Metabolic acidotic
LE
Nausea & vomiting. Loss of gastric acid, cause pH & HCO3 to increase. Symptoms experienced
ST
would include hypoventilation & tachycardia Answer: Metabolic alkalosis
Decreased pH and an increased CO2. Hypoventalation & COPD Answer: Respiratory acidotic
BE
Increased pH & decreased CO2. Hyperventalation, Lethargy, lightheadedness, confusion,
tachycardia, dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, numbness
& tingling of extremities. Hyperventilation (tachypnea) occurs Answer: Respiratory alkalotic
Sample for PT & INR level to determine anticoagulation status & risk for bleeding Answer:
Warfarin (Coumadin)
aPTT monitors the effects. Anticoagulant used most often during hemodialysis. Monitors extent
of anticoagulation checking PTT, which is appropriate measure heparin effect. Protamine sulfate
is antidoteAnswer: Heparin
, Dark green leafy vegetables good source iron, oranges are a good source of vitamin C, which
enhances iron absorptionAnswer: Iron deficiency anemia foods in diet:
May lack B12 in dietAnswer: Vegans
Include fruits & vegetables Answer:Low sodium foods:
Highly processed or refined foods (tomato soup, instant oatmeal), Saltwater fish & shellfish.
Smoked foods, Answer: High Sodium foods:
Water, bouillon, clear broth, carbonated beverages, gelatin, hard candy, lemonade, ice pops, and
C
regular or decaffeinated coffee or tea Answer: Clear liquid diet:
LE
Pulling, Vegetable juice, Pureed vegetables, plain ice cream, sherbet, breakfast drinks, milk,
pudding & custard, soups that are strained, refined cooked cereals, & strained vegetable juices
Answer: Full liquid diet:
ST
Pork products rich in this vitamin. Other good food sources include nuts, whole grain cereals, &
legumes Answer: High Thiamine foods
BE
On the left side, with the head lower than the feet. This position used to minimize effect of air
traveling as a bolus to lungs by trapping it in right side of heart Answer: Suspects air embolism.
Should immediately place client in which position?
Assess for known allergies to eggs to prevent anaphylaxis Answer: Fat emulsion (lipids)
Signs include excessive thirst, fatigue, restlessness, confusion, weakness, Kussmaul's
respirations, diuresis, & coma when severe. If has these symptoms, blood glucose level should be
checked immediately Answer: Hyperglycemia:
