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Chamberlain Nr507 Midterm Exam

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CHAMBERLAIN NR507 MIDTERM EXAM

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CHAMBERLAIN NR507 MIDTERM
EXAM




Type44144Hypersensitivity44Reaction44-44answer---44"Allergic44reaction"
-44Mediated44by44IgE.
-44Inflammation44d/t44mast44cell44degranulation.
-44Hay44fever,44hives44(uticaria).
-44Local44s/s:44itching,44rash.44
-44Systemic:44wheezing.44
-
44Severe,44systemic44reaction:44anaphylaxis:44hypotension,44severe44bronchoconstrictio
n.
-44Main44tx:44epinephrine.

Type44244Hypersensitivity44Reaction44-44answer---44Cytotoxic44reaction;44tissue44specific
-44Macrophages44are44the44primary44effectors44cells44involved
-44Causes44tissue44damage44or44alters44function44
-44Examples:441)44Grave's44disease-
44example44of44altering44thyroid44function,44doesn't44destroy44thyroid44tissue.442)44ABO44
incompatibility-44example44of44cell/
tissue44damage;44severe44transfusion44reaction44occurs44&44the44transfused44erythrocyt
es44are44destroyed44by44agglutination44or44complement-mediated44lysis.

Difference44between44type44244&44344hypersensitivity44reactions44-44answer---
44Type442:44organ44specific;44antibody44binds44to44the44antigen44on44the44cell44surface.44
-
44Type443:44not44organ44specific;44antibody44binds44to44soluble44antigen44outside44the44c
ell44surface44that44was44released44into44the44blood44or44body44fluids,44and44the44comple
x44is44then44deposited44in44the44tissues.

Type44344Hypersensitivity44Reaction44-44answer---44Immune44complex
-44Antigen-antibody44complex44deposited44in44the44tissues
-44Neutrophils44are44the44primary44effector44cell44
-44Causes44autoimmune44diseases44

, -
44Examples:44rheumatoid44arthritis44(joints),44systemic44lupus44erythematosus44(SLE,44o
rgans)

Systemic44Lupus44Erythematosus44(SLE)44-44answer---
44Facial44rash44confined44to44the44cheeks44(malar44rash)
-44Discoid44rash44(raised44patches,44scaling)
-44Photosensitivity44(skin44rash44d/t44sunlight44exposure)
-44Oral44or44nasopharyngeal44ulcers
-
44Hematologic44disorders44(hemolytic44anemia,44leukopenia,44lymphopenia,44thrombocyt
openia)
-44Immunologic44disorders44
-44Non-erosive44arthritis44of44at44least44two44peripheral44joints44
-44Serositis44(pleurisy,44pericarditis)
-44Renal44disorder44
-44Neurologic44disorders44(seizures,44psychosis)44
-44Presence44of44antinuclear44antibody44(ANA)

Autoimmunity44-44answer---
44Can44be44familial:44Affected44family44members44may44not44all44develop44the44same44di
sease,44but44several44members44may44have44different44disorders44characterized44by44a4
4variety44of44hypersensitivity44reactions44(autoimmune44and44allergic44reactions).


Alloimmunity44-44answer---
44General44term44used44to44describe44when44an44individual's44immune44system44reacts4
4against44antigens44on44the44tissues44of44other44members44of44the44same44species.44
-
44Examples:44Neonatal44disease44where44the44maternal44immune44system44becomes44s
ensitized44against44antigens44expressed44by44the44fetus,44Transplant44rejection,44Transf
usion44reaction.

Type44444Hypersensitivity44Reaction44-44answer---44T-cell44mediated44
-44Lymphocytes44
-44Does44not44involve44antigen/antibody44complexes44
-44Delayed44response44
-
44Ex:44localized44contact44dermatitis.44Treated44with44a44topical44corticosteroid44(wouldn'
t44use44antihistamine44since44Type44444doesn't44involve44mast44cells44and44H144receptor
s).

Differentiating44between44the44rash44of44a44Type44144vs44Type44444Reaction44-
44answer---
44Type441:44Immediate44hypersensitivity44reactions,44termed44atopic44dermatitis,44are44u
sually44characterized44by44widely44distributed44lesions.44

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