* All flowering plant show sexual reproduction
* Flower a fascinating orgon of angiospern
- aesthetic , ornamental , social , religious , culture
i \ \ Flower \* Used as symbol for conveying
4 whorl
\\\ - human feel , love , affect , happy , grief , mourning
Non essential Essential i i Female i
- Calyx = sepal - Androcium ii= stamen (M) ji
(anther , filament)
i \ i- Corolla = petal
i Gynocium
i ||| - Gynocium \\\= carpel (F)
(stigma , style , ovary) iiii iPistle/carpel
thalamus
(mango) Monocarpellary Multicarpellary (papaya)
\iPre fertilization event (single pistle) (many pistle)
Male syncarpus apocarpus
* Pistil has 3 parts (Fused) (Free)
Androcium
- Stigma = landing platform for pollen grain
Stamen i- Style jjj = Elongate slender part beneath stigma
i -iOvary oii= Besal bulged , Inside ovarian cavity (locule)
(terminal) Anther Filament
locate
- Bilobed - long and slender stalk
placenta
i- Dithecous i - Attach to thalamus or petal
arise
(1 lobe having 2 theca) |O on proximal end
megasporangia
Tetraspongiate
- four sided tetragonal * Microsporangia develop further & - One ovule (wheat , paddy , mangy)
- four microsporangia become pollen sac. | - Many ovule (papaya , watermelon , orchids) papaver michelia
- two in each lobe
-\corner located * Extended longitudinal
* Except malvaceae = unilobed , monothecous, bispongiate
Megasporangium (ovule)
(fuses with funicle)
i Structure of microsporangium
(stalk of ovule)
In T.S microsporangium appear near circular . surrounded by 4 wall (opening , where integument absent)
- Outer 3 wall layer
protective envelops
- Function of protection
- Help in dehiscence of anther
(mass of cells , food reserve)
to release the pollen
(located in nucellus)
i - Inner most wall layer
- Nourish develop pollen grain Chalazal (represent basal part of the ovule)
| - Dense cytoplasm
|- More than one nucleus
|Sporogenous tissue Megasporogenesis
i - Homogenous cell , compact (process of formation of megaspore from megaspore mother cell)
| - Each centre micosporangium
i* Ovule| differentiate |a single MMC in micropylar nucelus region
i (2n) i-large cell
Microsporogenesis - dence cytoplsm
meiosis i - prominat nucles
(process of formation of microspore from pollen mother cell) 4 Megaspore
miosis (n)
microspore tetrad (arrange in cluster)
3 degenerate
* Anther mature and dehydrate , microspore dissociate each other
| develop into pollen grain 1 fucntion
develop
Pollen grain - pollen grain nutrients rich Embrayo sac
- increase performane by
(male gametophyte) (female gametophyte)
tab, syrup (athlete , horse)
-|Variety of architecture - size , shape , colour , design
|
- Spherical , 25 - 50 micrometer in diameter Pollen viability * 1 Function megaspore
- highly variable
- Prominent 2 layer wall intine or exine - temp & humidity mitotically
- lose in 30 min rice , wheat
- Pollen grain - 60 % 2 cell stage
- month rosaceae ,solanace
|ii- 40% generative cell divide mitotically
-i leguminose two nuclei , which move opposite pole
two male gamete 3i-cell stage
- Pollen store - bank ,breed
- Parthenium \- wheat contaminant in india i - nitro liq(-196 )
(carrot grass)\i||- cause pollen allergy
i- disoder like asthmai,ibronchitis
Intine Exine
- Inner wall layer - Hard outer layer * After cell wall laid down
- Thin countinous - Made of sporopollenin
* 7 cell or 8 nucleus
- Made of cellulose - Has germ pore where
|2| or pectin |||sporopollenin absent
* Chalazal end
- 3 cell (antipodal)
* Large central cell
- 2 polar nuclei
Generative cell
Vegetative cell * Micropylar end
- Small
- Bigger - 3 celled egg appartus
- Float in cytoplasm
- Abundant food reserve of vegetative cell - 1 egg cell , 2 synergid
t- Large irregular shape
- Spindle shaped with - Single megaspore is term
nucleus ||||dence cytoplasm &
monosporic development
| nucleus
* Flower a fascinating orgon of angiospern
- aesthetic , ornamental , social , religious , culture
i \ \ Flower \* Used as symbol for conveying
4 whorl
\\\ - human feel , love , affect , happy , grief , mourning
Non essential Essential i i Female i
- Calyx = sepal - Androcium ii= stamen (M) ji
(anther , filament)
i \ i- Corolla = petal
i Gynocium
i ||| - Gynocium \\\= carpel (F)
(stigma , style , ovary) iiii iPistle/carpel
thalamus
(mango) Monocarpellary Multicarpellary (papaya)
\iPre fertilization event (single pistle) (many pistle)
Male syncarpus apocarpus
* Pistil has 3 parts (Fused) (Free)
Androcium
- Stigma = landing platform for pollen grain
Stamen i- Style jjj = Elongate slender part beneath stigma
i -iOvary oii= Besal bulged , Inside ovarian cavity (locule)
(terminal) Anther Filament
locate
- Bilobed - long and slender stalk
placenta
i- Dithecous i - Attach to thalamus or petal
arise
(1 lobe having 2 theca) |O on proximal end
megasporangia
Tetraspongiate
- four sided tetragonal * Microsporangia develop further & - One ovule (wheat , paddy , mangy)
- four microsporangia become pollen sac. | - Many ovule (papaya , watermelon , orchids) papaver michelia
- two in each lobe
-\corner located * Extended longitudinal
* Except malvaceae = unilobed , monothecous, bispongiate
Megasporangium (ovule)
(fuses with funicle)
i Structure of microsporangium
(stalk of ovule)
In T.S microsporangium appear near circular . surrounded by 4 wall (opening , where integument absent)
- Outer 3 wall layer
protective envelops
- Function of protection
- Help in dehiscence of anther
(mass of cells , food reserve)
to release the pollen
(located in nucellus)
i - Inner most wall layer
- Nourish develop pollen grain Chalazal (represent basal part of the ovule)
| - Dense cytoplasm
|- More than one nucleus
|Sporogenous tissue Megasporogenesis
i - Homogenous cell , compact (process of formation of megaspore from megaspore mother cell)
| - Each centre micosporangium
i* Ovule| differentiate |a single MMC in micropylar nucelus region
i (2n) i-large cell
Microsporogenesis - dence cytoplsm
meiosis i - prominat nucles
(process of formation of microspore from pollen mother cell) 4 Megaspore
miosis (n)
microspore tetrad (arrange in cluster)
3 degenerate
* Anther mature and dehydrate , microspore dissociate each other
| develop into pollen grain 1 fucntion
develop
Pollen grain - pollen grain nutrients rich Embrayo sac
- increase performane by
(male gametophyte) (female gametophyte)
tab, syrup (athlete , horse)
-|Variety of architecture - size , shape , colour , design
|
- Spherical , 25 - 50 micrometer in diameter Pollen viability * 1 Function megaspore
- highly variable
- Prominent 2 layer wall intine or exine - temp & humidity mitotically
- lose in 30 min rice , wheat
- Pollen grain - 60 % 2 cell stage
- month rosaceae ,solanace
|ii- 40% generative cell divide mitotically
-i leguminose two nuclei , which move opposite pole
two male gamete 3i-cell stage
- Pollen store - bank ,breed
- Parthenium \- wheat contaminant in india i - nitro liq(-196 )
(carrot grass)\i||- cause pollen allergy
i- disoder like asthmai,ibronchitis
Intine Exine
- Inner wall layer - Hard outer layer * After cell wall laid down
- Thin countinous - Made of sporopollenin
* 7 cell or 8 nucleus
- Made of cellulose - Has germ pore where
|2| or pectin |||sporopollenin absent
* Chalazal end
- 3 cell (antipodal)
* Large central cell
- 2 polar nuclei
Generative cell
Vegetative cell * Micropylar end
- Small
- Bigger - 3 celled egg appartus
- Float in cytoplasm
- Abundant food reserve of vegetative cell - 1 egg cell , 2 synergid
t- Large irregular shape
- Spindle shaped with - Single megaspore is term
nucleus ||||dence cytoplasm &
monosporic development
| nucleus
