ASTB Aviation and Nautical
Information Exam-Graded A
Empennage - ANS-consists of the vertical stabilizer, rudder, horizontal stabilizer, hinge
elevator
Parts of plane - ANS-fuselage, wings empennage
Flaps - ANS-located on the trailing edge of the wing; increase wing's surface area and
deflect the air flow downward. Allow planes to lift at slower speeds.
Slats - ANS-Flaps but on the leading edge of the wing
Spoilers - ANS-hinged panels that move upward once landed; maximizes friction on
runway and deceleration.
Air brakes - ANS-decelerate aircraft in flight and increase rate of descent. not designed
to destroy lift.
Spar - ANS-the structural member inside of the wing runs the length
Shape Dribs - ANS-attached perpendicular to the spare provides wing with more
structure and strength
Skin - ANS-attaches all the framework
Swept back wings - ANS-Used on jets to delay the drag associated with air
compressibility at high subsonic speeds
variable geometry wings - ANS-pilot adjusts wings perpendicular to the fuselage during
low speeds (take off and landing) and back at high subsonic.
aileron - ANS-hinged flight control surface on the outer trailing edge of each wing.
operate opposite each other in order to control rolling motion (performs banking turns)
trim tab - ANS-on the rudder, elevator, and aileron reduces the need for the pilot to
apply constant pressure on the control column.
afterburner - ANS-on tubojet engine; to increase thrust above afterburner full throttle
, reverse thrust - ANS-turbo prop; used to reduce runway distance of decelerating plane.
rotation of blades three to six to cause forward thrust. With jet engines, engine exhausts
stop from going aft and direct hot flow forward. (closed by buckets or clamshell doors
pivoting doors - ANS-on the aft of the engines and direct the thrust forward.
aerodynamic forces - ANS-weight, lift, thrust, drag
center of gravity - ANS-where the total force of weight acts on the aircraft
rolling - ANS-turning left or right the amount of G increase
30 degrees - 16 percent more
60 degrees - 100 percent
G force - ANS-increased by turbulent air
increased by flight path
increased by altitude.
Lift - ANS-causes the machine to rise and become aloft; created by a pressure
differential between two surfaces results in an upward force on air foils.
Thrust - ANS-aircraft's forward force
Drag - ANS-opposes forward force caused by airflow over structure of plane; profile,
induced, parasitical
Profile drag - ANS-sum of form drag and skin friction, Form: varies with air pressure and
cross-sectional shape
Skin: roughness of the outer surface of the air craft.
induced drag - ANS-product of lift; increase in the air pressure differential between the
air foils forms a air vortex causing a retarding aerodynamic force. (increased from
acceleration or increased angle of attack).
parasite drag - ANS-do not contribute to the production of lift but produce drag. (landing
gear)
Bernoulli's Principle and Lift - ANS-L = 1/2 pv^2*ACi
p = fluid density
A airfoils area
Ci = coefficient of lift
Conservation of mass - ANS-mass cannot be created nor destroyed
Conservation of momentum - ANS-an object's mass times velocity cannot be created
nor destroyed.
Information Exam-Graded A
Empennage - ANS-consists of the vertical stabilizer, rudder, horizontal stabilizer, hinge
elevator
Parts of plane - ANS-fuselage, wings empennage
Flaps - ANS-located on the trailing edge of the wing; increase wing's surface area and
deflect the air flow downward. Allow planes to lift at slower speeds.
Slats - ANS-Flaps but on the leading edge of the wing
Spoilers - ANS-hinged panels that move upward once landed; maximizes friction on
runway and deceleration.
Air brakes - ANS-decelerate aircraft in flight and increase rate of descent. not designed
to destroy lift.
Spar - ANS-the structural member inside of the wing runs the length
Shape Dribs - ANS-attached perpendicular to the spare provides wing with more
structure and strength
Skin - ANS-attaches all the framework
Swept back wings - ANS-Used on jets to delay the drag associated with air
compressibility at high subsonic speeds
variable geometry wings - ANS-pilot adjusts wings perpendicular to the fuselage during
low speeds (take off and landing) and back at high subsonic.
aileron - ANS-hinged flight control surface on the outer trailing edge of each wing.
operate opposite each other in order to control rolling motion (performs banking turns)
trim tab - ANS-on the rudder, elevator, and aileron reduces the need for the pilot to
apply constant pressure on the control column.
afterburner - ANS-on tubojet engine; to increase thrust above afterburner full throttle
, reverse thrust - ANS-turbo prop; used to reduce runway distance of decelerating plane.
rotation of blades three to six to cause forward thrust. With jet engines, engine exhausts
stop from going aft and direct hot flow forward. (closed by buckets or clamshell doors
pivoting doors - ANS-on the aft of the engines and direct the thrust forward.
aerodynamic forces - ANS-weight, lift, thrust, drag
center of gravity - ANS-where the total force of weight acts on the aircraft
rolling - ANS-turning left or right the amount of G increase
30 degrees - 16 percent more
60 degrees - 100 percent
G force - ANS-increased by turbulent air
increased by flight path
increased by altitude.
Lift - ANS-causes the machine to rise and become aloft; created by a pressure
differential between two surfaces results in an upward force on air foils.
Thrust - ANS-aircraft's forward force
Drag - ANS-opposes forward force caused by airflow over structure of plane; profile,
induced, parasitical
Profile drag - ANS-sum of form drag and skin friction, Form: varies with air pressure and
cross-sectional shape
Skin: roughness of the outer surface of the air craft.
induced drag - ANS-product of lift; increase in the air pressure differential between the
air foils forms a air vortex causing a retarding aerodynamic force. (increased from
acceleration or increased angle of attack).
parasite drag - ANS-do not contribute to the production of lift but produce drag. (landing
gear)
Bernoulli's Principle and Lift - ANS-L = 1/2 pv^2*ACi
p = fluid density
A airfoils area
Ci = coefficient of lift
Conservation of mass - ANS-mass cannot be created nor destroyed
Conservation of momentum - ANS-an object's mass times velocity cannot be created
nor destroyed.
