Med- Surg Final Exam Practice
Questions with 155 complete
solutions
Med- Surg Final Exam Practice
Questions with 155 complete
solutions
The nurse is conducting a post-operative assessment of a client on the first day after renal surgery.
Which of the following findings would be most important for the nurse to report to the physician?
a. Temperature= 99.8 F
b. Urine output 20 ml/hr
c. Absence of bowel sounds
d. A 2'2" inch area of serous sanguineous drainage on the flank dressing - ANSWER b. Urine output 20
ml/hr
The nurse assesses the client who has chronic renal failure and notes the following: crackles in the lung
bases, elevated blood pressure and weight gain of 2 pounds in 1 day. Based on these data, which of the
following nursing diagnoses is appropriate?
a. Excess fluid volume related to the kidney's inability to maintain fluid balance
b. Increased cardiac output related to fluid overload
c. Ineffective tissue perfusion related to interrupted arterial blood flow
d. Ineffective therapeutic regimen management related to lack of knowledge about therapy - ANSWER
a. Excess fluid volume related to the kidney's inability to maintain fluid balance
The client with chronic renal failure complains of feeling nauseated at least part of every day. The nurse
should explain that the nausea is the result of:
a. Acidosis caused by the medications
,Med- Surg Final Exam Practice
Questions with 155 complete
solutions
b. Accumulation of waste products in the blood
c. Chronic anemia and fatigue
d. Excess fluid load - ANSWER b. Accumulation of waste products in the blood
Which of the following nursing interventions should be included in the client's care plan during dialysis
therapy?
a. Limit the client's visitors
b. Monitor client's blood pressure
c. Pad the side rails of the bed
d. Keep the client NPO - ANSWER b. Monitor client's blood pressure
What is the most potentially dangerous complication of peritoneal dialysis?
a. Abdominal pain
b. Gastrointestinal bleeding
c. Peritonitis
d. Muscle cramps - ANSWER c. Peritonitis
The nurse helps the client with chronic renal failure develop a home diet plan with the goal of helping
the client maintain adequate nutritional intake. Which of the following diets would be most appropriate
for a client with chronic renal failure?
a. High carbohydrate, high protein
b. High calcium, high potassium, high protein
c. Low protein, low sodium, low potassium
d. Low protein, high potassium - ANSWER c. Low protein, low sodium, low potassium
,Med- Surg Final Exam Practice
Questions with 155 complete
solutions
The client's with which of the following medical histories is at the greatest risk of developing renal
failure?
a. Polycystic kidney disease
b. DM with poorly controlled hypertension
c. Vascular disorders
d. Respiratory infections - ANSWER b. DM with poorly controlled hypertension
A high- carbohydrate, low-protein diet is prescribed for the client with acute renal failure. The rationale
for the high- carbohydrate diet is that carbohydrate will:
a. Act as a diureetic
b. Reduce demands in the liver
c. Helps maintains urine acidity
d. Prevent the development of ketosis - ANSWER d. Prevent the development of ketosis
The client with acute renal failure asks thee nurse for a snack. Because the client's potassium level is
elevated, which of the following snacks would be most appropriate?
a. A gelatin dessert
b. Yogurt
c. An orange
d. Peanuts - ANSWER a. A gelatin dessert
In the oliguric phase of acute renal failure, the nurse should anticipate the development off which of the
following complications?
, Med- Surg Final Exam Practice
Questions with 155 complete
solutions
a. Pulmonary edema
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Hypotension
d. Hypokalemia - ANSWER a. Pulmonary edema
The client in acute renal failure has an external cannula inserted in the forearm for hemodialysis. Which
of the following nursing measures is appropriate for the care of the client?
a. Use the unaffected arm for blood pressure measurement
b. Draw blood from the cannula for routine laboratory work
c. Percuss the cannula for bruits each shift
d. Inject heparin into the cannula each shift - ANSWER a. Use the unaffected arm for blood pressure
measurement
The nurse initiates the client's first hemodialysis treatment. the client develops a headache, confusion,
and nausea. These symptoms indicate which of the following potential complications?
a. Disequilibrium syndrome
b. Myocardial infarction
c. Air embolism
d. Peritonitis - ANSWER a. Disequilibrium syndrome
The client with acute renal failure is recovering and asks the nurse, "will my kidneys ever function
normally again?" The nurse's response is based on knowledge that the client's renal status will most
likely:
a. Continue to improve over a period of weeks
Questions with 155 complete
solutions
Med- Surg Final Exam Practice
Questions with 155 complete
solutions
The nurse is conducting a post-operative assessment of a client on the first day after renal surgery.
Which of the following findings would be most important for the nurse to report to the physician?
a. Temperature= 99.8 F
b. Urine output 20 ml/hr
c. Absence of bowel sounds
d. A 2'2" inch area of serous sanguineous drainage on the flank dressing - ANSWER b. Urine output 20
ml/hr
The nurse assesses the client who has chronic renal failure and notes the following: crackles in the lung
bases, elevated blood pressure and weight gain of 2 pounds in 1 day. Based on these data, which of the
following nursing diagnoses is appropriate?
a. Excess fluid volume related to the kidney's inability to maintain fluid balance
b. Increased cardiac output related to fluid overload
c. Ineffective tissue perfusion related to interrupted arterial blood flow
d. Ineffective therapeutic regimen management related to lack of knowledge about therapy - ANSWER
a. Excess fluid volume related to the kidney's inability to maintain fluid balance
The client with chronic renal failure complains of feeling nauseated at least part of every day. The nurse
should explain that the nausea is the result of:
a. Acidosis caused by the medications
,Med- Surg Final Exam Practice
Questions with 155 complete
solutions
b. Accumulation of waste products in the blood
c. Chronic anemia and fatigue
d. Excess fluid load - ANSWER b. Accumulation of waste products in the blood
Which of the following nursing interventions should be included in the client's care plan during dialysis
therapy?
a. Limit the client's visitors
b. Monitor client's blood pressure
c. Pad the side rails of the bed
d. Keep the client NPO - ANSWER b. Monitor client's blood pressure
What is the most potentially dangerous complication of peritoneal dialysis?
a. Abdominal pain
b. Gastrointestinal bleeding
c. Peritonitis
d. Muscle cramps - ANSWER c. Peritonitis
The nurse helps the client with chronic renal failure develop a home diet plan with the goal of helping
the client maintain adequate nutritional intake. Which of the following diets would be most appropriate
for a client with chronic renal failure?
a. High carbohydrate, high protein
b. High calcium, high potassium, high protein
c. Low protein, low sodium, low potassium
d. Low protein, high potassium - ANSWER c. Low protein, low sodium, low potassium
,Med- Surg Final Exam Practice
Questions with 155 complete
solutions
The client's with which of the following medical histories is at the greatest risk of developing renal
failure?
a. Polycystic kidney disease
b. DM with poorly controlled hypertension
c. Vascular disorders
d. Respiratory infections - ANSWER b. DM with poorly controlled hypertension
A high- carbohydrate, low-protein diet is prescribed for the client with acute renal failure. The rationale
for the high- carbohydrate diet is that carbohydrate will:
a. Act as a diureetic
b. Reduce demands in the liver
c. Helps maintains urine acidity
d. Prevent the development of ketosis - ANSWER d. Prevent the development of ketosis
The client with acute renal failure asks thee nurse for a snack. Because the client's potassium level is
elevated, which of the following snacks would be most appropriate?
a. A gelatin dessert
b. Yogurt
c. An orange
d. Peanuts - ANSWER a. A gelatin dessert
In the oliguric phase of acute renal failure, the nurse should anticipate the development off which of the
following complications?
, Med- Surg Final Exam Practice
Questions with 155 complete
solutions
a. Pulmonary edema
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Hypotension
d. Hypokalemia - ANSWER a. Pulmonary edema
The client in acute renal failure has an external cannula inserted in the forearm for hemodialysis. Which
of the following nursing measures is appropriate for the care of the client?
a. Use the unaffected arm for blood pressure measurement
b. Draw blood from the cannula for routine laboratory work
c. Percuss the cannula for bruits each shift
d. Inject heparin into the cannula each shift - ANSWER a. Use the unaffected arm for blood pressure
measurement
The nurse initiates the client's first hemodialysis treatment. the client develops a headache, confusion,
and nausea. These symptoms indicate which of the following potential complications?
a. Disequilibrium syndrome
b. Myocardial infarction
c. Air embolism
d. Peritonitis - ANSWER a. Disequilibrium syndrome
The client with acute renal failure is recovering and asks the nurse, "will my kidneys ever function
normally again?" The nurse's response is based on knowledge that the client's renal status will most
likely:
a. Continue to improve over a period of weeks
