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Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
Banasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. C Q was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
zx zx
pharyngeal infection His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102 3°F, skin rash,
zx zx
dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules He complains of sore throat, zx
malaise, and joint stiffness A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have
zx
been prescribed The etiology of C Q ’s disease is
zx zx zx
a. a sore throat zx
b. streptococcal infection zx
c. genetic susceptibility zx
d. pharyngitis zx
ANS: B
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process A sore throat is zx
the manifestation of the disease process Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to
zx
develop a disease Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical
zx
manifestation of the disease process zx
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes
meningitis This is an example of
zx
a. primary prevention zx
b. secondary prevention zx
c. tertiary prevention zx
d. disease treatment zx
ANS: A
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination Secondary prevention is the zx
early detection, screening, and management of the disease Tertiary prevention includes zx
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective
functioning Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed
zx zx
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise
program This is an example of
zx
a. primary prevention zx
b. secondary prevention zx
c. tertiary prevention zx
d. disease treatment zx
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such as
prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity Primary zx
prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible individuals Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and
zx
attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning Disease treatment involves zx
management of the disease once it has developed zx
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
intake This is an example of
zx
a. primary prevention zx
b. secondary prevention zx
c. tertiary prevention zx
d. disease treatment zx
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such
as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure Primary prevention is prevention zx
of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals Tertiary zx
prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and
restore effective functioning Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it
zx
has developed zx
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering
medication This is an example of
zx
a. primary prevention zx
b. secondary prevention zx
c. tertiary prevention zx
d. disease treatment zx
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate
disability and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
medication following a heart attack Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
zx
susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals Secondary prevention is the zx
early detection, screening, and management of the disease Disease treatment involves zx
management of the disease once it has developed zx
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of
this disease This stage of illness is called the
zx stage zx
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first
appearance of signs and symptoms In infectious diseases, this period is often called the
zx
incubation (latent) period Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms
zx
indicating the onset of a disease These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise,
zx
anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases Sequela refers zx
to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease Convalescence is the stage of zx
recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation zx
7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
a. epidemic zx
b. endemic zx
c. pandemic zx
d. ethnographic zx
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ANS: B
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic An epidemic is a disease that zx
spreads to many individuals at the same time Pandemics are epidemics that affect large
zx
geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide Ethnographic does not describe a disease
zx
distribution pattern zx
8. In general, with aging, organ size and function
a. increase zx
b. decrease zx
c. remain the same zx
d. are unknown zx
ANS: B
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease zx
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
established, is referred to as
a. latent zx
b. subclinical zx
c. prodromal zx
d. convalescence zx
ANS: B
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
established, is called the subclinical stage The interval between exposure of a tissue to an
zx
injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent period
or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period The prodromal period, or zx
prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a
disease Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation
zx zx
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today This might be explained by zx
(Select all that apply ) zx
a. gender difference zx
b. situational factors zx
c. normal variation zx
d. cultural variation zx
e. illness zx
ANS: A, B, C, E
Gender, situations (e g , altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood
zx zx
cell count Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal)
zx zx
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply ) zx
a. genetics zx
b. environmental toxins zx
c. overcrowding zx
d. nutrition zx
e. hygiene zx
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Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
Banasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. C Q was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
zx zx
pharyngeal infection His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102 3°F, skin rash,
zx zx
dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules He complains of sore throat, zx
malaise, and joint stiffness A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have
zx
been prescribed The etiology of C Q ’s disease is
zx zx zx
a. a sore throat zx
b. streptococcal infection zx
c. genetic susceptibility zx
d. pharyngitis zx
ANS: B
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process A sore throat is zx
the manifestation of the disease process Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to
zx
develop a disease Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical
zx
manifestation of the disease process zx
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes
meningitis This is an example of
zx
a. primary prevention zx
b. secondary prevention zx
c. tertiary prevention zx
d. disease treatment zx
ANS: A
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination Secondary prevention is the zx
early detection, screening, and management of the disease Tertiary prevention includes zx
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective
functioning Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed
zx zx
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise
program This is an example of
zx
a. primary prevention zx
b. secondary prevention zx
c. tertiary prevention zx
d. disease treatment zx
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such as
prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity Primary zx
prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible individuals Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and
zx
attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning Disease treatment involves zx
management of the disease once it has developed zx
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
intake This is an example of
zx
a. primary prevention zx
b. secondary prevention zx
c. tertiary prevention zx
d. disease treatment zx
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such
as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure Primary prevention is prevention zx
of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals Tertiary zx
prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and
restore effective functioning Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it
zx
has developed zx
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering
medication This is an example of
zx
a. primary prevention zx
b. secondary prevention zx
c. tertiary prevention zx
d. disease treatment zx
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate
disability and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
medication following a heart attack Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
zx
susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals Secondary prevention is the zx
early detection, screening, and management of the disease Disease treatment involves zx
management of the disease once it has developed zx
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of
this disease This stage of illness is called the
zx stage zx
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first
appearance of signs and symptoms In infectious diseases, this period is often called the
zx
incubation (latent) period Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms
zx
indicating the onset of a disease These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise,
zx
anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases Sequela refers zx
to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease Convalescence is the stage of zx
recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation zx
7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
a. epidemic zx
b. endemic zx
c. pandemic zx
d. ethnographic zx
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ANS: B
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic An epidemic is a disease that zx
spreads to many individuals at the same time Pandemics are epidemics that affect large
zx
geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide Ethnographic does not describe a disease
zx
distribution pattern zx
8. In general, with aging, organ size and function
a. increase zx
b. decrease zx
c. remain the same zx
d. are unknown zx
ANS: B
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease zx
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
established, is referred to as
a. latent zx
b. subclinical zx
c. prodromal zx
d. convalescence zx
ANS: B
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
established, is called the subclinical stage The interval between exposure of a tissue to an
zx
injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent period
or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period The prodromal period, or zx
prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a
disease Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation
zx zx
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today This might be explained by zx
(Select all that apply ) zx
a. gender difference zx
b. situational factors zx
c. normal variation zx
d. cultural variation zx
e. illness zx
ANS: A, B, C, E
Gender, situations (e g , altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood
zx zx
cell count Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal)
zx zx
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply ) zx
a. genetics zx
b. environmental toxins zx
c. overcrowding zx
d. nutrition zx
e. hygiene zx
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