7/28/25, 1:14 AM Rush - Advanced Pharmacology - NSG 531 - Exam 1 (2025 updated) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (DETAILED & ELABORATED)…
Rush - Advanced Pharmacology - NSG 531 -
Exam 1 (2025 updated) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (DETAILED &
ELABORATED) fully solved
Terms in this set (131)
a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or
Drug prevention of disease and a substance, other than food, intended to affect the
structure or any function of the body
T/F most drugs are strong acids or strong F - most drugs are weak acids or weak bases
bases
1. absorbs it
2. distributes it (think about it - most drugs don't have MOA in the stomach or GI
what are the four things that the body does
tract, the body distributes to where it acts)
to a drug?
3. biotransforms or metabolizes it
4. eliminates it
Pharmacokinetics what the body does to the drug
drugs that are given orally have to get out of the gut and into circulation
in order to do that the drugs have to pass through cell membranes
this means there has to be some form of solubility for the drug to pass through the
Describe absorption
cell membrane
cell membranes are made of lipids
therefore drugs have to have some form of lipid solubility
What are cell membranes made of? phsopholipid bilayer
What is the only route of drug that does IV push - because it goes directly into circulation
not have to pass through the cell
membrane?
1. simple diffusion
What are the four mechanisms of transport 2. channel-mediated
across the cell membrane? 3. carrier-mediated
4. Active Transport
-drug has to be lipid soluble
-there has to be a concentration gradient present
Simple diffusion - what has to be true?
-if a drug is high in fat solubility it is not going to be very water soluble - these two
properties balance each other out
If a drug is high in lipid solubility and it is it may meet an aqueous solution and because it is not highly water soluble it will
able to be transported by simple diffusion, need to bind to a carrier protein to be transported throughout the circulation
what will happen once it crosses the cell
membrane?
https://quizlet.com/1062260650/rush-advanced-pharmacology-nsg-531-exam-1-2025-updated-questions-and-answers-detailed-elaborated-fully-solve… 1/12
, 7/28/25, 1:14 AM Rush - Advanced Pharmacology - NSG 531 - Exam 1 (2025 updated) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (DETAILED & ELABORATED)…
What are the channels in Channel mediated channels are two groups of proteins on each side that create a pore in the cell
transport membrane
there are two groups of proteins on each side that create a pore in the cell
how does channel mediated transport membrane
work? there is water within the pore/channel that the water soluble drug can go through
and the protein walls of the channel create a barrier from the lipid bilayer
-there is a carrier protein embedded in the surface of the cell membrane that fits the
drug that is trying to pass
-you have to have a complementary fit between the protein and the drug
How does carrier mediated transport -if it fits then it binds causing a conformation change
work? -the orientation of the protein flips over so that the open side of the protein is now
on the opposite side and the drug is transported to the other side of the cell
membrane
-again a concentration gradient is needed
a change in how something is oriented
conformational change i.e. carrier-mediated transport where the protein accepts the drug, then flips,
orienting the open side of the protein to the opposite side of the cell membrane
what are the three types of passive simple diffusion, channel-mediated, carrier-mediated
transport
Does a lipid soluble or water soluble drug lipid soluble
get absorbed more quickly?
-whether the drug is an acid or a base
what does solubility of a drug depend on?
-the pH of the environment in which the drug is located
hydrogen ion concentration
what does pH measure?
pH = -log (H+)
what happens when you put an acidic drug it gives up its' hydrogen ion and releases it into solution
in solution?
what happens when you put a basic drug in it accepts a hydrogen ion sitting in solution
solution?
What is the equation for acid? HA --><-- H+ + A-
What is the equation for Base? BH+ --><-- B + H+
HA associated - it has its' hydrogen ion
is this acid associated or dissociated?
HA protonated - a hydrogen ion is a positively charged particle and the positively
is this acid protonated or unprotonated? charged particle is bound to it
H+ + A- unprotonated - no longer bound to the hydrogen ion
is this acid protonated or unprotonated?
H+ + A- dissociated - when the acid is dissociated it picks up a charge
is this acid associated or dissociated?
-if you take a weak base buffer and put it in a highly acidic environment that buffer is
weak acids and weak bases are buffers, going to pick up the excess hydrogen ions and try to minimize the change in pH
what does this mean? -if the pH gets too alkaline or high, and you add a weak acid buffer, it will donate the
hydrogen ion to try and minimize the change in pH
if you increase the concentration of reactants in a chemical reaction then you are
Law of mass action
increasing the rate of the reaction
https://quizlet.com/1062260650/rush-advanced-pharmacology-nsg-531-exam-1-2025-updated-questions-and-answers-detailed-elaborated-fully-solve… 2/12
Rush - Advanced Pharmacology - NSG 531 -
Exam 1 (2025 updated) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (DETAILED &
ELABORATED) fully solved
Terms in this set (131)
a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or
Drug prevention of disease and a substance, other than food, intended to affect the
structure or any function of the body
T/F most drugs are strong acids or strong F - most drugs are weak acids or weak bases
bases
1. absorbs it
2. distributes it (think about it - most drugs don't have MOA in the stomach or GI
what are the four things that the body does
tract, the body distributes to where it acts)
to a drug?
3. biotransforms or metabolizes it
4. eliminates it
Pharmacokinetics what the body does to the drug
drugs that are given orally have to get out of the gut and into circulation
in order to do that the drugs have to pass through cell membranes
this means there has to be some form of solubility for the drug to pass through the
Describe absorption
cell membrane
cell membranes are made of lipids
therefore drugs have to have some form of lipid solubility
What are cell membranes made of? phsopholipid bilayer
What is the only route of drug that does IV push - because it goes directly into circulation
not have to pass through the cell
membrane?
1. simple diffusion
What are the four mechanisms of transport 2. channel-mediated
across the cell membrane? 3. carrier-mediated
4. Active Transport
-drug has to be lipid soluble
-there has to be a concentration gradient present
Simple diffusion - what has to be true?
-if a drug is high in fat solubility it is not going to be very water soluble - these two
properties balance each other out
If a drug is high in lipid solubility and it is it may meet an aqueous solution and because it is not highly water soluble it will
able to be transported by simple diffusion, need to bind to a carrier protein to be transported throughout the circulation
what will happen once it crosses the cell
membrane?
https://quizlet.com/1062260650/rush-advanced-pharmacology-nsg-531-exam-1-2025-updated-questions-and-answers-detailed-elaborated-fully-solve… 1/12
, 7/28/25, 1:14 AM Rush - Advanced Pharmacology - NSG 531 - Exam 1 (2025 updated) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (DETAILED & ELABORATED)…
What are the channels in Channel mediated channels are two groups of proteins on each side that create a pore in the cell
transport membrane
there are two groups of proteins on each side that create a pore in the cell
how does channel mediated transport membrane
work? there is water within the pore/channel that the water soluble drug can go through
and the protein walls of the channel create a barrier from the lipid bilayer
-there is a carrier protein embedded in the surface of the cell membrane that fits the
drug that is trying to pass
-you have to have a complementary fit between the protein and the drug
How does carrier mediated transport -if it fits then it binds causing a conformation change
work? -the orientation of the protein flips over so that the open side of the protein is now
on the opposite side and the drug is transported to the other side of the cell
membrane
-again a concentration gradient is needed
a change in how something is oriented
conformational change i.e. carrier-mediated transport where the protein accepts the drug, then flips,
orienting the open side of the protein to the opposite side of the cell membrane
what are the three types of passive simple diffusion, channel-mediated, carrier-mediated
transport
Does a lipid soluble or water soluble drug lipid soluble
get absorbed more quickly?
-whether the drug is an acid or a base
what does solubility of a drug depend on?
-the pH of the environment in which the drug is located
hydrogen ion concentration
what does pH measure?
pH = -log (H+)
what happens when you put an acidic drug it gives up its' hydrogen ion and releases it into solution
in solution?
what happens when you put a basic drug in it accepts a hydrogen ion sitting in solution
solution?
What is the equation for acid? HA --><-- H+ + A-
What is the equation for Base? BH+ --><-- B + H+
HA associated - it has its' hydrogen ion
is this acid associated or dissociated?
HA protonated - a hydrogen ion is a positively charged particle and the positively
is this acid protonated or unprotonated? charged particle is bound to it
H+ + A- unprotonated - no longer bound to the hydrogen ion
is this acid protonated or unprotonated?
H+ + A- dissociated - when the acid is dissociated it picks up a charge
is this acid associated or dissociated?
-if you take a weak base buffer and put it in a highly acidic environment that buffer is
weak acids and weak bases are buffers, going to pick up the excess hydrogen ions and try to minimize the change in pH
what does this mean? -if the pH gets too alkaline or high, and you add a weak acid buffer, it will donate the
hydrogen ion to try and minimize the change in pH
if you increase the concentration of reactants in a chemical reaction then you are
Law of mass action
increasing the rate of the reaction
https://quizlet.com/1062260650/rush-advanced-pharmacology-nsg-531-exam-1-2025-updated-questions-and-answers-detailed-elaborated-fully-solve… 2/12
