KIN 2YY3 Week 1 + 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
anterior interventricular artery Correct Answers in the anterior
interventricular sulcus which supplies most of the anterior wall
of the left ventricle
anterior interventricular sulcus Correct Answers marks the
boundary between the ventricles anteriorally
Apex and base of heart Correct Answers apex is the blunt
rounded point of the cone, which is anterior, inferior, and to the
left, base is the flat part at the opposite end of the apex, directed
posteriorally, superiorally and to the right
autorhythmicity Correct Answers 1. resting is around -60mV,
closer to threshold, also have non-gated Na channels similar to
leak channels
2. the pacemaker potential is when Na leaks into the cell,
causing resting membrane potential to move towards threshold,
which triggers some of the Ca channels to open and for K
channels to close during this process
3. in depolarization, Ca channels are open and K channels are
closed
4. in repolarization, K channels open and Ca channels close
AV bundle Correct Answers signal moves through a small
hole in the cardiac skeleton from the atria to the ventricle region,
then splits to left and right bundles
AV node Correct Answers in the interatrial septum near the
coronary sinus and near the AV valve, it slows the signal to
, allow the atrium to contract and drain blood into the ventricle
before the ventricle contracts - sends to AV bundle
AV valves Correct Answers leaf like cusps attached to
papillary muscles by tendons (chordate tendineae) - the right is
tricuspid and the left is bicuspid
Calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) Correct Answers Ca
can bind onto the SR and open the Ca channels in Calcium
induced calcium release
Cardiac APs versus muscle APs Correct Answers 1. Cardiac
APs are conducted from cell to cell not along the length of a
single fiber
2. Cardiac APs are slower due to it has to move through gap
junctions and the fibers are smaller in diameter
3. Cardiac APs have CICR
Cardiac cycle Correct Answers 1. atrial contraction (systole in
atria, active ventricular filling)
2. isovolumetric contraction (ventricle begins to contract)
3. ventricular ejection (ventricle pushed blood out to circulation)
4. isovolumetric relaxation (ventricle stops contraction and
begins to relax)
5. ventricular filling (all chambers are in relaxation and passive
filling occurs)
Cardiac cycle and electrical events Correct Answers 1. Active
filling : last half of the P wave, and part of the QRS complex
2. Isovolumetric contraction: end of the QRS complex
3. Ventricular ejection: ends around the end of the T wave
anterior interventricular artery Correct Answers in the anterior
interventricular sulcus which supplies most of the anterior wall
of the left ventricle
anterior interventricular sulcus Correct Answers marks the
boundary between the ventricles anteriorally
Apex and base of heart Correct Answers apex is the blunt
rounded point of the cone, which is anterior, inferior, and to the
left, base is the flat part at the opposite end of the apex, directed
posteriorally, superiorally and to the right
autorhythmicity Correct Answers 1. resting is around -60mV,
closer to threshold, also have non-gated Na channels similar to
leak channels
2. the pacemaker potential is when Na leaks into the cell,
causing resting membrane potential to move towards threshold,
which triggers some of the Ca channels to open and for K
channels to close during this process
3. in depolarization, Ca channels are open and K channels are
closed
4. in repolarization, K channels open and Ca channels close
AV bundle Correct Answers signal moves through a small
hole in the cardiac skeleton from the atria to the ventricle region,
then splits to left and right bundles
AV node Correct Answers in the interatrial septum near the
coronary sinus and near the AV valve, it slows the signal to
, allow the atrium to contract and drain blood into the ventricle
before the ventricle contracts - sends to AV bundle
AV valves Correct Answers leaf like cusps attached to
papillary muscles by tendons (chordate tendineae) - the right is
tricuspid and the left is bicuspid
Calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) Correct Answers Ca
can bind onto the SR and open the Ca channels in Calcium
induced calcium release
Cardiac APs versus muscle APs Correct Answers 1. Cardiac
APs are conducted from cell to cell not along the length of a
single fiber
2. Cardiac APs are slower due to it has to move through gap
junctions and the fibers are smaller in diameter
3. Cardiac APs have CICR
Cardiac cycle Correct Answers 1. atrial contraction (systole in
atria, active ventricular filling)
2. isovolumetric contraction (ventricle begins to contract)
3. ventricular ejection (ventricle pushed blood out to circulation)
4. isovolumetric relaxation (ventricle stops contraction and
begins to relax)
5. ventricular filling (all chambers are in relaxation and passive
filling occurs)
Cardiac cycle and electrical events Correct Answers 1. Active
filling : last half of the P wave, and part of the QRS complex
2. Isovolumetric contraction: end of the QRS complex
3. Ventricular ejection: ends around the end of the T wave
