7/28/25, 12:07 AM Texas STR Certification Exam (2025 updated) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (DETAILED & ELABORATED) fully solved Flashcard…
Texas STR Certification Exam (2025 updated) QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS (DETAILED & ELABORATED) fully solved
Terms in this set (203)
This refers to practices that recognize and
Culturally Responsive
incorporate the assets and strengths all students
Instructional Practices
bring to the classroom and ensure that learning
experiences are relevant to all students.
This refers to viewing diversity of thought, culture, and
Assets-Based Teaching traits as a positive asset as students are valued for
Approach
what they bring to the classroom rather than being
characterized by what they are lacking.
The specific units of sounds in a language that
Phonemes distinguish one word from another (e.g., "b" and "t"
in "bat" and "tab")
Morphemes The smallest unit of meaning in a language (e.g., "ed" changes a
word to past tense)
The ability to use letter-sound relationships to correctly
Decoding
sound-out and pronounce written words.
Discourse Written or spoken communication or debate (e.g., talk and
conversation)
The tools (vocabulary, syntax, discourse) students use to
Language Demands
participate in the content they are learning
This phrase refers to a spelling system that is more
Deep Orthography
difficult to decode because there is not a direct
correlation between the letters and sounds in the
language.
This phrase refers to a spelling system that is easier to
Shallow Orthography
decode because there is a direct correlation between.
the letters and sounds in the language.
The term used to explain a child's knowledge of reading
Emergent Literacy
and writing skills before they learn to read and write
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(e.g., recognizing a stop sign, cereal box).
the ability to hear and manipulate all units of sound
Phonological Awareness
including words, syllables, onset, rimes, and
phonemes in spoken language.
Pragmatics The practical rules that guide our use of language in social
contexts
the study of the structure of words and how meaningful
Morphology
units are combined in text (e.g., prefixes, suffixes, root
words).
A program in which two languages are used to provide
Transitional Bilingual Education content instruction. Over time, use of the native
language is decreased and use of English is increased
until only English is used for instruction.
An approach to teaching English language learners that
Sheltered Instruction
integrates language and content instruction.
BICS (Basic Interpersonal Development of fluency in conversations - social language
Communication Skills)
CALP (Cognitive Development of content and subject area language.
Academic Language
Proficiency)
The part of a language that is understood by listeners
Comprehensible Input
when learning a second language
Language Acquisition vs. Acquiring language through subconscious processes vs.
Language Learning learning a language through direct instruction.
Receptive Language The ability to understand words and language
The study of sounds, their patterns and meanings and
Phonology
the way they combine to form words and language.
Semantics The study of meaning in words, phrases, sentences, or text
Repetition and Practice A teaching strategy that helps bring skill knowledge from
conscious to subconscious.
A strategy that gives students the opportunity to 'write
Oral Language Rehearsal aloud' before they begin a written language
assignment; provides time for them to rehearse how
written forms differ from spoken forms
Interdependent structures or systems that support the
Language Systems
language foundation necessary for reading
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The process of matching letters and letter sequences
Orthographic Mapping with sounds in a word, and storing those words for
future use; necessary for spelling, pronouncing
words
correctly, and developing sight words and vocabulary.
Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological
Frontal Lobe processing system (enables us to pronounce and
articulate words); 2) controls planning and decision making
Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological
Temporal Lobe processing (processes sound and connects
printed letters to sounds); 2) connects spoken words with
meaning
Area of the brain responsible for 1) recognizing print,
Occipital Lobe
punctuation, diacritical marks, or spaces in print; 2)
houses the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) - "Brain's
Letterbox".
Area of the brain where phonological and orthographic
Planum Temporale
processing systems meet; connects phonemes (sounds)
with graphemes (printed letters).
A small area of the brain that visually processes print
Visual Word-Form Area/Brain's
Letterbox (the curves, squiggles, and lines that are combined
into letter shapes)
Four-Part Processing Model A four-part process that explains how children recognize words
for Word Recognition
Lexicon The brain's dictionary of word meanings
Phonological Processing Supports perception, memory, and production of sounds in
System language
Orthographic Processing Perceives and processes print
System
Semantic Processing System Connects words with their meaning
Interacts with and supports the meaning processor;
Context Processing System
provides a frame of reference to interpret the
meanings of words.
A unit of writing that represents a phoneme. Graphemes
Grapheme
can be a single letter (such as "t") or a combination of
letters (such as "ch").
A model used to explain how fluent reading develops;
Scarborough's Reading Rope states that 3 word recognition strands and 5 language
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Texas STR Certification Exam (2025 updated) QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS (DETAILED & ELABORATED) fully solved
Terms in this set (203)
This refers to practices that recognize and
Culturally Responsive
incorporate the assets and strengths all students
Instructional Practices
bring to the classroom and ensure that learning
experiences are relevant to all students.
This refers to viewing diversity of thought, culture, and
Assets-Based Teaching traits as a positive asset as students are valued for
Approach
what they bring to the classroom rather than being
characterized by what they are lacking.
The specific units of sounds in a language that
Phonemes distinguish one word from another (e.g., "b" and "t"
in "bat" and "tab")
Morphemes The smallest unit of meaning in a language (e.g., "ed" changes a
word to past tense)
The ability to use letter-sound relationships to correctly
Decoding
sound-out and pronounce written words.
Discourse Written or spoken communication or debate (e.g., talk and
conversation)
The tools (vocabulary, syntax, discourse) students use to
Language Demands
participate in the content they are learning
This phrase refers to a spelling system that is more
Deep Orthography
difficult to decode because there is not a direct
correlation between the letters and sounds in the
language.
This phrase refers to a spelling system that is easier to
Shallow Orthography
decode because there is a direct correlation between.
the letters and sounds in the language.
The term used to explain a child's knowledge of reading
Emergent Literacy
and writing skills before they learn to read and write
https://quizlet.com/1062261717/texas-str-certification-exam-2025-updated-questions-and-answers-detailed-elaborated-fully-solved-flash-cards/?funn… 1/16
,7/28/25, 12:07 AM Texas STR Certification Exam (2025 updated) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (DETAILED & ELABORATED) fully solved Flashcard…
(e.g., recognizing a stop sign, cereal box).
the ability to hear and manipulate all units of sound
Phonological Awareness
including words, syllables, onset, rimes, and
phonemes in spoken language.
Pragmatics The practical rules that guide our use of language in social
contexts
the study of the structure of words and how meaningful
Morphology
units are combined in text (e.g., prefixes, suffixes, root
words).
A program in which two languages are used to provide
Transitional Bilingual Education content instruction. Over time, use of the native
language is decreased and use of English is increased
until only English is used for instruction.
An approach to teaching English language learners that
Sheltered Instruction
integrates language and content instruction.
BICS (Basic Interpersonal Development of fluency in conversations - social language
Communication Skills)
CALP (Cognitive Development of content and subject area language.
Academic Language
Proficiency)
The part of a language that is understood by listeners
Comprehensible Input
when learning a second language
Language Acquisition vs. Acquiring language through subconscious processes vs.
Language Learning learning a language through direct instruction.
Receptive Language The ability to understand words and language
The study of sounds, their patterns and meanings and
Phonology
the way they combine to form words and language.
Semantics The study of meaning in words, phrases, sentences, or text
Repetition and Practice A teaching strategy that helps bring skill knowledge from
conscious to subconscious.
A strategy that gives students the opportunity to 'write
Oral Language Rehearsal aloud' before they begin a written language
assignment; provides time for them to rehearse how
written forms differ from spoken forms
Interdependent structures or systems that support the
Language Systems
language foundation necessary for reading
https://quizlet.com/1062261717/texas-str-certification-exam-2025-updated-questions-and-answers-detailed-elaborated-fully-solved-flash-cards/?funn… 2/16
, 7/28/25, 12:07 AM Texas STR Certification Exam (2025 updated) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (DETAILED & ELABORATED) fully solved Flashcard…
The process of matching letters and letter sequences
Orthographic Mapping with sounds in a word, and storing those words for
future use; necessary for spelling, pronouncing
words
correctly, and developing sight words and vocabulary.
Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological
Frontal Lobe processing system (enables us to pronounce and
articulate words); 2) controls planning and decision making
Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological
Temporal Lobe processing (processes sound and connects
printed letters to sounds); 2) connects spoken words with
meaning
Area of the brain responsible for 1) recognizing print,
Occipital Lobe
punctuation, diacritical marks, or spaces in print; 2)
houses the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) - "Brain's
Letterbox".
Area of the brain where phonological and orthographic
Planum Temporale
processing systems meet; connects phonemes (sounds)
with graphemes (printed letters).
A small area of the brain that visually processes print
Visual Word-Form Area/Brain's
Letterbox (the curves, squiggles, and lines that are combined
into letter shapes)
Four-Part Processing Model A four-part process that explains how children recognize words
for Word Recognition
Lexicon The brain's dictionary of word meanings
Phonological Processing Supports perception, memory, and production of sounds in
System language
Orthographic Processing Perceives and processes print
System
Semantic Processing System Connects words with their meaning
Interacts with and supports the meaning processor;
Context Processing System
provides a frame of reference to interpret the
meanings of words.
A unit of writing that represents a phoneme. Graphemes
Grapheme
can be a single letter (such as "t") or a combination of
letters (such as "ch").
A model used to explain how fluent reading develops;
Scarborough's Reading Rope states that 3 word recognition strands and 5 language
https://quizlet.com/1062261717/texas-str-certification-exam-2025-updated-questions-and-answers-detailed-elaborated-fully-solved-flash-cards/?funn… 3/16
