CSCS Exam Prep 2023-2024 (Test Prep
Books)-Graded A
Components of myofibrils - ANS-myosin- thick filament, with head , rsponsible for
splitting ATP providing energy for the power stroke to grab onto the actin
actin- thin filament, double helix
troponin in actinbinds with Ca2+ from SR, exposes binding site on myosin to form cross
bridges
Crircular muscle structure - ANS-arranged in a concentric ring
Convergent muscle structure - ANS-broad origin leading to a fan shaped muscle, looks
similar to a brush or duster
Parallell or longitudinal muscle structure - ANS-long fascicles parallel to the long axis of
muscle, looks similar to 3 long lines
unipennnate muscle structure - ANS-short fascicles insert obliquely into one side of a
tendon, looks similar to a comb
bipennate muscle structure - ANS-fascicles insert into opposite sides of a central
tendon, looks similar to a pine tree upside down
multipennate muscle structure - ANS-tendon branches within a muscle, looks like
multiple bipennate muscles combined
Isokinetic muscle action - ANS-When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the
full range of motion; a dynamic movement that doesnt occur naturally such as
dynamometers
somatic nervous system - ANS-the division of the peripheral nervous system that
controls the body's skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system - ANS-the part of the peripheral nervous system that
controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart).
Its sympathetic division arouses; fight or flight
its parasympathetic division calms; rest and digest
Summation - ANS-increased force of contraction by a skeletal muscle fiber when a
twitch occurs before the previous twitch relaxes
, size principle - ANS-motor units are recruited from smallest to largest (innervate more
muscle fibers)
nerve conduction - ANS-electrical impulse from motor neuron --> neuro muscular
junction --> ACh released, converts impulse to chemical stimulus --> creates action
potential to muscle fiber through T-tubles by releasing Ca2+ starting contraction
saggital plane (median) - ANS-left and right, ex. tricep pushdown, leg raise, leg curl
frontal plane - ANS-Front and Back, ex. soccer dribble side to side, wide grip lateral
pulldowm, breaststroke swimming
transverse plane - ANS-Upper and Lower, ex. medicine ball side toss, torso machine,
baseball batting, basketball pivot
joint angle - ANS-relative angle between two segments
Velocity - ANS-rate of change of distance over time, dividing distance traveled/ amout of
time to cover distance
Force - ANS-F=m(a+g) g=9.81m/sxs
push or pull exerted on one object by a second one
number of cross bridges formed between actin and myosin filaments determines the
amount of force produced at any moment in time
force velocity curve - ANS-The inverse relationship between force and velocity and
refers to a muscle's ability to produce tension at differing contraction velocities
if an athlete is strong (high force) but not fast (low velocity), more time should be spent
training at lower force (higher velocity) to become faster
Force Time Curve - ANS-The relationship between time (ms) on x axis and force y axis
RFD= change in force divided by change in time; explosiveness
Momentum - ANS-Amount of motion an object has
VxM; it is a vector quantity with direction
impulse - ANS-Area under force time curve
Product of the time required to generate force and amount of force
are increases by improving RFD
Work - ANS-J, applied force times distance displaced, useful for calculating training
volume
Work= Force x Displacement
Books)-Graded A
Components of myofibrils - ANS-myosin- thick filament, with head , rsponsible for
splitting ATP providing energy for the power stroke to grab onto the actin
actin- thin filament, double helix
troponin in actinbinds with Ca2+ from SR, exposes binding site on myosin to form cross
bridges
Crircular muscle structure - ANS-arranged in a concentric ring
Convergent muscle structure - ANS-broad origin leading to a fan shaped muscle, looks
similar to a brush or duster
Parallell or longitudinal muscle structure - ANS-long fascicles parallel to the long axis of
muscle, looks similar to 3 long lines
unipennnate muscle structure - ANS-short fascicles insert obliquely into one side of a
tendon, looks similar to a comb
bipennate muscle structure - ANS-fascicles insert into opposite sides of a central
tendon, looks similar to a pine tree upside down
multipennate muscle structure - ANS-tendon branches within a muscle, looks like
multiple bipennate muscles combined
Isokinetic muscle action - ANS-When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the
full range of motion; a dynamic movement that doesnt occur naturally such as
dynamometers
somatic nervous system - ANS-the division of the peripheral nervous system that
controls the body's skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system - ANS-the part of the peripheral nervous system that
controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart).
Its sympathetic division arouses; fight or flight
its parasympathetic division calms; rest and digest
Summation - ANS-increased force of contraction by a skeletal muscle fiber when a
twitch occurs before the previous twitch relaxes
, size principle - ANS-motor units are recruited from smallest to largest (innervate more
muscle fibers)
nerve conduction - ANS-electrical impulse from motor neuron --> neuro muscular
junction --> ACh released, converts impulse to chemical stimulus --> creates action
potential to muscle fiber through T-tubles by releasing Ca2+ starting contraction
saggital plane (median) - ANS-left and right, ex. tricep pushdown, leg raise, leg curl
frontal plane - ANS-Front and Back, ex. soccer dribble side to side, wide grip lateral
pulldowm, breaststroke swimming
transverse plane - ANS-Upper and Lower, ex. medicine ball side toss, torso machine,
baseball batting, basketball pivot
joint angle - ANS-relative angle between two segments
Velocity - ANS-rate of change of distance over time, dividing distance traveled/ amout of
time to cover distance
Force - ANS-F=m(a+g) g=9.81m/sxs
push or pull exerted on one object by a second one
number of cross bridges formed between actin and myosin filaments determines the
amount of force produced at any moment in time
force velocity curve - ANS-The inverse relationship between force and velocity and
refers to a muscle's ability to produce tension at differing contraction velocities
if an athlete is strong (high force) but not fast (low velocity), more time should be spent
training at lower force (higher velocity) to become faster
Force Time Curve - ANS-The relationship between time (ms) on x axis and force y axis
RFD= change in force divided by change in time; explosiveness
Momentum - ANS-Amount of motion an object has
VxM; it is a vector quantity with direction
impulse - ANS-Area under force time curve
Product of the time required to generate force and amount of force
are increases by improving RFD
Work - ANS-J, applied force times distance displaced, useful for calculating training
volume
Work= Force x Displacement
