MIDTERM EXAM- CRIME ANALYSIS (CHAPTERS 1-5)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Chapter 1: Crime analysis and the Profession - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Crime analysists- hired by
different government agencies, new job.
-Apply theory to specific crime problem
-Understand patterns of crime to prevent crime
-CJ alone cannot prevent crimes, but can analyze the data and can inform rest of the community.
Important for decision making in community
-Common data points for every crime and learning variables.
Crime analysis definition and Notes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Defintiion of Crime Analysis- profession
and process in which a set of quantitive and qualitative techniques are used to analyze data valuable to
police agencies and other communities. It includes the analysis of crime and criminals, crime victims,
disorder, quality of life issues, traffic issues, and internal police operations, and its results support
criminal investigation and prosecution, patrol activities, crime prevention, and reduction strategies,
problem solving, and evaluation of police efforts.
-Disorderly behaviors- misdemeanors (ex: public drinking)
-Cops, courts, corrections- to prevent crime, not to punish. Fear of crime/perception of safety affects
quality of life.
-Crime reduction strategy- proactive approach to stop crime (Hot spot policing and affing lights to dark
places) Analysis helps strategy formation and if it works and crime density areas)
Common Components in Definitions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Supporting the mission of a law
enforcement agency
-Utilizing systematic methods and information
,-Providing information to a range of audiences
Definition of Crime Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The systematic study of crime and disorder
problems as well as other police related issues
-Including socio demographic, spatial, and temporal factors.
To assist the police in:
-Criminal apprehension,
-Crime and disorder reduction,
-Crime prevention, and
-Evaluation (of effectiveness of an agency)
Crime as a disease of the community
Components of the Defintion: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Study:
-Focused and systematic examination
-Not haphazard or anecdotal
-Application of social science: Data collection procedures, analytical methods, and statistical techniques.
Qualitative and Quantitative data and methods:
-Qualititative: examination of non-numerical data for the purpose of discovering underlying meanings
and patterns of relationships (e.g, field research, observation).
-Quantitative: conducting statistics on numerical or categorical data (frequencies, percentages, means,
and rates).
Crime and Disorder:
-Information related to the nature of the incidents, offenders, and victims or targets
-Much more than just the examination of crime incidents
Socio-demographic information
,-Characteristics of individuals and groups such as sex, race, income, age, and education.
-individual level: search for and identify crime suspects
-Broader level: determine the characteristics of groups within areas
Spatial nature of crime and police related issues
-Visual displays of crime locations and their relationship to other events
-Analytical techniques to determine clusters of activity
Temporal nature of crime and police related issues
-Long term trends over years
-The seasonal nature of crime
-Mid-length and short term patterns (e.g days/times).
Goals of Crime Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. To support the operations of a PD
2. To assist in criminal apprehension
3. To prevent crime through methods other than apprehension
4. The final goal of crime analysis is also to assist with the evaluation of police efforts
-Success of crime prevention programs and initiatives
-Whether police organization is running effectively.
What is GIS? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Geographic Information System (GIS)
-The software tools
-Allow the crime analysis to map crime in many different ways- from a simple point map to a three-
dimensional visualization of spatial or temporal data
, -A GIS is a set of computer based tools that allow a person to modify, visualize, query, and analyze
geographic and tabular data.
What is Crime Mapping? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-The process of using a GIS conduct spatial analysis of
the crime problems and police related issues.
3 Main functions crime mapping:
1. To facilitate the visual and statistical analysis of the spatial nature of the crime and other types of
events.
2. To provide the ability to link unlike data sources together based on a common geographic variable
-e.g linking census information, school information, and crime data for a common area.
3. To create maps communicating analysis results.
History of crime analysis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Beginnings of crime analysis:
-London in the early 19th century.
-Metropolitan Police Act, passed in the 1820s,
-About 1,000 men were organized to form a London police force
-Evidence of crime statistics.
US 1900-1970
-Early 20th century: august volume wrote about pin mapping, the regular review of police reports, and
the formation of patrol districts based on crime volume.
1950s and 60s':
-Analysis happening but no evidence of crime analysis products (O.W Wilson's Writings)
-Both emphasized that crime analysis must be formalized.
1970s:
-1968 Omnibus Crime control and Safe Streets Act
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Chapter 1: Crime analysis and the Profession - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Crime analysists- hired by
different government agencies, new job.
-Apply theory to specific crime problem
-Understand patterns of crime to prevent crime
-CJ alone cannot prevent crimes, but can analyze the data and can inform rest of the community.
Important for decision making in community
-Common data points for every crime and learning variables.
Crime analysis definition and Notes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Defintiion of Crime Analysis- profession
and process in which a set of quantitive and qualitative techniques are used to analyze data valuable to
police agencies and other communities. It includes the analysis of crime and criminals, crime victims,
disorder, quality of life issues, traffic issues, and internal police operations, and its results support
criminal investigation and prosecution, patrol activities, crime prevention, and reduction strategies,
problem solving, and evaluation of police efforts.
-Disorderly behaviors- misdemeanors (ex: public drinking)
-Cops, courts, corrections- to prevent crime, not to punish. Fear of crime/perception of safety affects
quality of life.
-Crime reduction strategy- proactive approach to stop crime (Hot spot policing and affing lights to dark
places) Analysis helps strategy formation and if it works and crime density areas)
Common Components in Definitions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Supporting the mission of a law
enforcement agency
-Utilizing systematic methods and information
,-Providing information to a range of audiences
Definition of Crime Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The systematic study of crime and disorder
problems as well as other police related issues
-Including socio demographic, spatial, and temporal factors.
To assist the police in:
-Criminal apprehension,
-Crime and disorder reduction,
-Crime prevention, and
-Evaluation (of effectiveness of an agency)
Crime as a disease of the community
Components of the Defintion: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Study:
-Focused and systematic examination
-Not haphazard or anecdotal
-Application of social science: Data collection procedures, analytical methods, and statistical techniques.
Qualitative and Quantitative data and methods:
-Qualititative: examination of non-numerical data for the purpose of discovering underlying meanings
and patterns of relationships (e.g, field research, observation).
-Quantitative: conducting statistics on numerical or categorical data (frequencies, percentages, means,
and rates).
Crime and Disorder:
-Information related to the nature of the incidents, offenders, and victims or targets
-Much more than just the examination of crime incidents
Socio-demographic information
,-Characteristics of individuals and groups such as sex, race, income, age, and education.
-individual level: search for and identify crime suspects
-Broader level: determine the characteristics of groups within areas
Spatial nature of crime and police related issues
-Visual displays of crime locations and their relationship to other events
-Analytical techniques to determine clusters of activity
Temporal nature of crime and police related issues
-Long term trends over years
-The seasonal nature of crime
-Mid-length and short term patterns (e.g days/times).
Goals of Crime Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. To support the operations of a PD
2. To assist in criminal apprehension
3. To prevent crime through methods other than apprehension
4. The final goal of crime analysis is also to assist with the evaluation of police efforts
-Success of crime prevention programs and initiatives
-Whether police organization is running effectively.
What is GIS? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Geographic Information System (GIS)
-The software tools
-Allow the crime analysis to map crime in many different ways- from a simple point map to a three-
dimensional visualization of spatial or temporal data
, -A GIS is a set of computer based tools that allow a person to modify, visualize, query, and analyze
geographic and tabular data.
What is Crime Mapping? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-The process of using a GIS conduct spatial analysis of
the crime problems and police related issues.
3 Main functions crime mapping:
1. To facilitate the visual and statistical analysis of the spatial nature of the crime and other types of
events.
2. To provide the ability to link unlike data sources together based on a common geographic variable
-e.g linking census information, school information, and crime data for a common area.
3. To create maps communicating analysis results.
History of crime analysis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Beginnings of crime analysis:
-London in the early 19th century.
-Metropolitan Police Act, passed in the 1820s,
-About 1,000 men were organized to form a London police force
-Evidence of crime statistics.
US 1900-1970
-Early 20th century: august volume wrote about pin mapping, the regular review of police reports, and
the formation of patrol districts based on crime volume.
1950s and 60s':
-Analysis happening but no evidence of crime analysis products (O.W Wilson's Writings)
-Both emphasized that crime analysis must be formalized.
1970s:
-1968 Omnibus Crime control and Safe Streets Act
