BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔User centered Visualisation - ✔✔-should be user-centred, when reports are
analysed and allocated, the visualisation models should be tailored to more than one
person within the organisation i.e. Reports for the CEO should be different compared to
Interns
-Data should be sorted, arranged and then presented visually in order to make it
understandable b4 presented to amplify the efficiency
✔✔DIKW Model - ✔✔data, information, knowledge, Wisdom
1. Allocate raw and messy data in order to gather efficient information.
2. Arrange and organise good data based on the objectives and then process and
transmit the data
3.Analysation and judgement made by professionals in order to gain a good knowledge
of the information
4. Gather the information through the use of DSS to make actionable decisions
✔✔5 Components of actionable knowledge - ✔✔1-Validation- checking or proving the
validity or accuracy of something.
2-Legitimation- Positive feedback
3-Solution- find solutions for the problem
4-Referral- speak to the different individual that may know more than you
5-Reframing the problem - looking at the problem from different perspectives
✔✔What are data? - ✔✔Data are unprocessed facts or observations about a physical
occurrence or a business transaction.
✔✔Open data - ✔✔-Available to anyone i.e. TFL release data such as timetables and
train services to the public and other disruptive information.
✔✔Big data - ✔✔-from companies and organisation
-Can be analysed by computer softwares to reveal trends or patterns
-Created by the organisation themselves based on the services and products they
provide
✔✔Business Processes - ✔✔Management processes - controlling the operation of a
system. Includes "corporate governance" and "strategic management".
, Operational Processes - constitute the core business and create the primary value
stream. e.g. taking orders from customers, and opening an account in a bank branch.
Supporting Processes - support the core processes. e.g. include Health & Safety,
accounting, recruitment, call centre, technical support
✔✔Types of Data - ✔✔Metadata - DATA about data a set of data that describes and
gives information about other data what the data represents.
Unstructured Data - Unstructured data is information that either does not have a pre-
defined data model or is not organised in a pre-defined manner. Unstructured
information is typically text-heavy, but may contain data such as dates, numbers, and
facts as well.
Structured Data - organised and efficient data that can be used i.e. customer names,
ID's location etc
✔✔data entities - ✔✔the term used in ERD modeling to describe things about which the
system needs to store information i.e. employee ID "FDFD343"
✔✔Databases - ✔✔Allocation of information of an organisation logically collected. that
conforms to data models
✔✔Types of Data Models - ✔✔1 - Conceptual data model
2 - logical data model
3 .- physical data model
✔✔Conceptual Data Model - ✔✔Presented, arranged, visualised and explained data of
the logical data presented to the head of decision makings.
✔✔Logical Data Model - ✔✔A logical data model is transformed from messy and
inefficient data to organised and sufficient information for organisations to help them
make decisions
✔✔data warehouse - ✔✔A logical collection of reports - gathered from many different
operational databases - that supports business analysis activities and decision-making
tasks
✔✔Operational Data model - ✔✔Operational data contains warehouse data and data
marts, it is seen by developers
✔✔Relational Data - ✔✔A group of database tables that is connected or linked by a
defined relationship that ties the information together. i.e. Customer name linked with
Customer ID
2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔User centered Visualisation - ✔✔-should be user-centred, when reports are
analysed and allocated, the visualisation models should be tailored to more than one
person within the organisation i.e. Reports for the CEO should be different compared to
Interns
-Data should be sorted, arranged and then presented visually in order to make it
understandable b4 presented to amplify the efficiency
✔✔DIKW Model - ✔✔data, information, knowledge, Wisdom
1. Allocate raw and messy data in order to gather efficient information.
2. Arrange and organise good data based on the objectives and then process and
transmit the data
3.Analysation and judgement made by professionals in order to gain a good knowledge
of the information
4. Gather the information through the use of DSS to make actionable decisions
✔✔5 Components of actionable knowledge - ✔✔1-Validation- checking or proving the
validity or accuracy of something.
2-Legitimation- Positive feedback
3-Solution- find solutions for the problem
4-Referral- speak to the different individual that may know more than you
5-Reframing the problem - looking at the problem from different perspectives
✔✔What are data? - ✔✔Data are unprocessed facts or observations about a physical
occurrence or a business transaction.
✔✔Open data - ✔✔-Available to anyone i.e. TFL release data such as timetables and
train services to the public and other disruptive information.
✔✔Big data - ✔✔-from companies and organisation
-Can be analysed by computer softwares to reveal trends or patterns
-Created by the organisation themselves based on the services and products they
provide
✔✔Business Processes - ✔✔Management processes - controlling the operation of a
system. Includes "corporate governance" and "strategic management".
, Operational Processes - constitute the core business and create the primary value
stream. e.g. taking orders from customers, and opening an account in a bank branch.
Supporting Processes - support the core processes. e.g. include Health & Safety,
accounting, recruitment, call centre, technical support
✔✔Types of Data - ✔✔Metadata - DATA about data a set of data that describes and
gives information about other data what the data represents.
Unstructured Data - Unstructured data is information that either does not have a pre-
defined data model or is not organised in a pre-defined manner. Unstructured
information is typically text-heavy, but may contain data such as dates, numbers, and
facts as well.
Structured Data - organised and efficient data that can be used i.e. customer names,
ID's location etc
✔✔data entities - ✔✔the term used in ERD modeling to describe things about which the
system needs to store information i.e. employee ID "FDFD343"
✔✔Databases - ✔✔Allocation of information of an organisation logically collected. that
conforms to data models
✔✔Types of Data Models - ✔✔1 - Conceptual data model
2 - logical data model
3 .- physical data model
✔✔Conceptual Data Model - ✔✔Presented, arranged, visualised and explained data of
the logical data presented to the head of decision makings.
✔✔Logical Data Model - ✔✔A logical data model is transformed from messy and
inefficient data to organised and sufficient information for organisations to help them
make decisions
✔✔data warehouse - ✔✔A logical collection of reports - gathered from many different
operational databases - that supports business analysis activities and decision-making
tasks
✔✔Operational Data model - ✔✔Operational data contains warehouse data and data
marts, it is seen by developers
✔✔Relational Data - ✔✔A group of database tables that is connected or linked by a
defined relationship that ties the information together. i.e. Customer name linked with
Customer ID
