ABG INTERPRETATION EXAM WITH ANS 2025
acid base balance= gold standard
metabolic and respiratory are the systems
lungs and kidneys are the organs
Bicarbonate abbreviation HCO3
normal bicarbonate levels 22-26 mEq/L
scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and
what muscles make up the neck
scalenus posterior
diaphragm, external intercostals, pec-
what are the muscles of inspiration toralis major and minor, scalenes, stern-
ocleidomastoid, and trapezius
external intercostals between the ribs
what is the major respiratory muscle diaphragm
sternocleidomastoid neck-base skull to clavicle
trapezius back
muscles of expiration are passive ? true
true
or false
internal intercostals, internal and ex-
what are the accessory muscles of expi-
ternal obliques, rectus abdominis, and
ration
transverse abdominis
internal intercostals- internal between ribs
obliques internal and external are on the
abdominals
sides of what?
rectus abdominis abdominal muscles
flat thin sheet of abdominal muscles pre-
transverse abdominis-
sent under internal obliques
diaphragm is also called the central tendon
diaphragm
left and right hemi diaphragm is what dome shaped
shape
higher, liver
, ABG INTERPRETATION EXAM WITH ANS 2025
diaphragm
right is slightly than left due to
being under right
contracts and flattens, thoracic volume
inspiration diaphragm increases, and negative intrathoracic
pressures
exhalation of diaphragm relaxes and thoracic volume decreases
what are the two major static forces that
elastic properties and surface tension
cause inflated lungs to recoil
elastic properties= compliance
surface tension= decreased is best
when talking about surface tension how
by surfactant
is it decreased?
Elastic properties lung expansion, decreased compliance,
lung compliance consists of and increased compliance
increased compliance is easy to infiltrate
lung compliance is increased which
easier to infiltrate
means it is
decreased compliance is stiff which
hard to inflate
means it is
elasticity means to recoil
the smaller the radius the greater the
la places law=
pressure
radius= 1/2 the diameter
tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for
alveoli
gas exchange
when the surface tension is increase the
collapse readily
alveolis do what
do we want increased or decreased sur-
decreased
face tension
surfactant is composed of phospholipids
surfactant is produced by alveolar type II cells
acid base balance= gold standard
metabolic and respiratory are the systems
lungs and kidneys are the organs
Bicarbonate abbreviation HCO3
normal bicarbonate levels 22-26 mEq/L
scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and
what muscles make up the neck
scalenus posterior
diaphragm, external intercostals, pec-
what are the muscles of inspiration toralis major and minor, scalenes, stern-
ocleidomastoid, and trapezius
external intercostals between the ribs
what is the major respiratory muscle diaphragm
sternocleidomastoid neck-base skull to clavicle
trapezius back
muscles of expiration are passive ? true
true
or false
internal intercostals, internal and ex-
what are the accessory muscles of expi-
ternal obliques, rectus abdominis, and
ration
transverse abdominis
internal intercostals- internal between ribs
obliques internal and external are on the
abdominals
sides of what?
rectus abdominis abdominal muscles
flat thin sheet of abdominal muscles pre-
transverse abdominis-
sent under internal obliques
diaphragm is also called the central tendon
diaphragm
left and right hemi diaphragm is what dome shaped
shape
higher, liver
, ABG INTERPRETATION EXAM WITH ANS 2025
diaphragm
right is slightly than left due to
being under right
contracts and flattens, thoracic volume
inspiration diaphragm increases, and negative intrathoracic
pressures
exhalation of diaphragm relaxes and thoracic volume decreases
what are the two major static forces that
elastic properties and surface tension
cause inflated lungs to recoil
elastic properties= compliance
surface tension= decreased is best
when talking about surface tension how
by surfactant
is it decreased?
Elastic properties lung expansion, decreased compliance,
lung compliance consists of and increased compliance
increased compliance is easy to infiltrate
lung compliance is increased which
easier to infiltrate
means it is
decreased compliance is stiff which
hard to inflate
means it is
elasticity means to recoil
the smaller the radius the greater the
la places law=
pressure
radius= 1/2 the diameter
tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for
alveoli
gas exchange
when the surface tension is increase the
collapse readily
alveolis do what
do we want increased or decreased sur-
decreased
face tension
surfactant is composed of phospholipids
surfactant is produced by alveolar type II cells
