PRN 1178 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is Acid-Base balance? - ANS The maintenance of hydrogen ion concentration in the
blood and tissue fluids so that body can function properly. Necessary for homeostasis.
Normal pH range? What is considered Acidic? What is considered alkalotic? - ANS 7.35-7.45
(Below 7.35 = Acidity)
(Above 7.45= Alkaline)
What body systems regulate acid-base balance? - ANS Buffers, Kidneys, and Lungs
Respiratory Acidosis Common Causes? - ANS Acute Airway Obstruction, COPD, Asthma,
Pulmonary Edema, Opiate Overdose, Pneumonia, Atelectasis
How might a patient present with respiratory acidosis? - ANS Hypoventilation/hypoxia, Rapid
Shallow Respirations, Decreased BP with vasodilation, Dyspnea, Headache, Hyperkalemia,
Dysrhythmias, Drowsiness, Dizziness, Disorientation, Muscle Weakness, Hyperreflexia,
Prevention Strategies Acid-Base Imbalances? - ANS Healthy diet, exercise, limit alcohol
consumption, Drink 6-8 cups of water per day, maintain healthy weight, refrain from smoking,
manage stree
Common Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis - ANS Hyperventilation (anxiety, fear), Mechanical
Ventilation, High Fever/Sepsis, Prolonged Sunctioning, Pain, Alcohol Withdrawal.
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, Common Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - ANS Diarrhea, Renal Failure, Diabetic Ketoacidosis,
Hyperkalemia, Alcoholism
Compensating Mechanisms for Metabolic Acidosis - ANS Kussmaul Respirations
Common Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - ANS Vomitting, Excessive Gastric Suctioning,
Hypokalemia, Excess use of Antacids, Steroid Therapy, Potent Diuretic Use
What are ABG's? - ANS Arterial Blood Gases
pH 7.35-7.45 <7.34 acid >7.45 base
PaCO2 35-45mmHg >45 acid <35 base
HCO3 22-26mEq/L <22 acid >26 base
O2 sat
PaO2
pH normal range - ANS 7.35-7.45 Below 7.35 means
PaCO2 normal range. What do imbalances mean? - ANS 35-45 mm Hg. Below 35 means
alkalotic, above 45 means acidiosis.
HCO3 normal range - ANS 22-26 mEq/L. Below 22 means acidosis, about 26 means alkalotic
RO ME - ANS Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is Acid-Base balance? - ANS The maintenance of hydrogen ion concentration in the
blood and tissue fluids so that body can function properly. Necessary for homeostasis.
Normal pH range? What is considered Acidic? What is considered alkalotic? - ANS 7.35-7.45
(Below 7.35 = Acidity)
(Above 7.45= Alkaline)
What body systems regulate acid-base balance? - ANS Buffers, Kidneys, and Lungs
Respiratory Acidosis Common Causes? - ANS Acute Airway Obstruction, COPD, Asthma,
Pulmonary Edema, Opiate Overdose, Pneumonia, Atelectasis
How might a patient present with respiratory acidosis? - ANS Hypoventilation/hypoxia, Rapid
Shallow Respirations, Decreased BP with vasodilation, Dyspnea, Headache, Hyperkalemia,
Dysrhythmias, Drowsiness, Dizziness, Disorientation, Muscle Weakness, Hyperreflexia,
Prevention Strategies Acid-Base Imbalances? - ANS Healthy diet, exercise, limit alcohol
consumption, Drink 6-8 cups of water per day, maintain healthy weight, refrain from smoking,
manage stree
Common Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis - ANS Hyperventilation (anxiety, fear), Mechanical
Ventilation, High Fever/Sepsis, Prolonged Sunctioning, Pain, Alcohol Withdrawal.
1 Copyright ©2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Common Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - ANS Diarrhea, Renal Failure, Diabetic Ketoacidosis,
Hyperkalemia, Alcoholism
Compensating Mechanisms for Metabolic Acidosis - ANS Kussmaul Respirations
Common Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - ANS Vomitting, Excessive Gastric Suctioning,
Hypokalemia, Excess use of Antacids, Steroid Therapy, Potent Diuretic Use
What are ABG's? - ANS Arterial Blood Gases
pH 7.35-7.45 <7.34 acid >7.45 base
PaCO2 35-45mmHg >45 acid <35 base
HCO3 22-26mEq/L <22 acid >26 base
O2 sat
PaO2
pH normal range - ANS 7.35-7.45 Below 7.35 means
PaCO2 normal range. What do imbalances mean? - ANS 35-45 mm Hg. Below 35 means
alkalotic, above 45 means acidiosis.
HCO3 normal range - ANS 22-26 mEq/L. Below 22 means acidosis, about 26 means alkalotic
RO ME - ANS Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
2 Copyright ©2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
