BIOD 121 - ESSENTIALS IN NUTRITION MODULE 3 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2025/26
How you see yourself can be defined as:
body image
What are outside influences that could shape our body image:
family, genetics, peers, media, clothing designers
There is a correlation with our increase in weight, intake of __________, and
increase in ____________.
process foods; chronic disease
What kinds of chronic diseases that are related to weight:
type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancers, tension, and stroke
Energy balance:
energy intake being equal to the energy we expend
Positive energy balance:
occurs when more calories are being consumed than are being expended in a day (this
leads to weight gain)
1 pound is what in calories:
3500 calories
where fats are stored
adipose tissue
Hyperplasia:
increase in number of fat cells during the development stage
Hypertrophy:
increase in fat cell size
Negative energy balance:
when calorie intake is less than whats expended, this then leads to weight loss, but it
not always desirable due to illness or trauma
Four factors that one can expend energy:
1. basal metabolism
2. physical activity
3. thermic effect of food
4. thermogeneesis
The number of calories your body is going to use during the fasting state is
known as:
basal metabolic rate
Things that can change your BMR is:
body size, temperature, age, gender, lean body muscles, nervous system activity,
caffeine, and smoking
Physical activity:
accounts for 15-40% total kcals of a person, bodily movement, body size, and fitness
level determines calorie expenditure.
Low physical activity leads to:
weight gain
Thermic effect of food:
, accounts for 10% total kcals of a person, it is the energy that we use for digestion and
absorption of food (larger meals have a higher thermic effect)
Thermogenesis:
is the ability of regulate our body temperature during different activities; it is the process
of heat production
Brown fat cells
a tissue in the neck and between the shoulders that is specialized for rapid heat
production; it is found more in children and infants
White fat cells
used to store energy
How are calories measured:
direct and indirect calorimetry
Direct calorimetry:
measurement of heat production as an indication of metabolic rate
Indirect calorimetry:
Using measurements of oxygen intake and carbon dioxide output Along with scientific
formulas to measure energy expended
Body Mass Index (BMI)
An improved measurement of body fat relation to one's height and weight
BMI - underweight range:
less than 18.5
BMI - healthy range:
19-24.9
BMI - overweight range:
25-29.99
BMI - obese range:
greater than 30
Males have an average of ____________ body fat:
8-24%
Females have an average of ____________ body fat:
21-35%
Body fat levels of 24% or higher in males or 35% or higher in females indicate:
obesity
Ways to determine body fat:
underwater weighing, bioelectrical impedance. DEXA dual energy x-ray absoptiometry,
anthroprometrics, and home scales that uses electrodes
Underwater weighing:
a very accurate tool in which one is weighed on a scale and then under water. The
difference between the two would measure body fat and lean muscle
Bioelectrical impedance:
is another way to measure body fat in which an instrument is connected to the body that
sends an electric current to it; it assesses your body composition, the measurement of
body fat in relation to lean body mass
DEXA (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry):
it is the best way to determine body fat and bone mass in which in instrument sends out
small amounts of radiation to determine fat, lean tissue, and bone
AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2025/26
How you see yourself can be defined as:
body image
What are outside influences that could shape our body image:
family, genetics, peers, media, clothing designers
There is a correlation with our increase in weight, intake of __________, and
increase in ____________.
process foods; chronic disease
What kinds of chronic diseases that are related to weight:
type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancers, tension, and stroke
Energy balance:
energy intake being equal to the energy we expend
Positive energy balance:
occurs when more calories are being consumed than are being expended in a day (this
leads to weight gain)
1 pound is what in calories:
3500 calories
where fats are stored
adipose tissue
Hyperplasia:
increase in number of fat cells during the development stage
Hypertrophy:
increase in fat cell size
Negative energy balance:
when calorie intake is less than whats expended, this then leads to weight loss, but it
not always desirable due to illness or trauma
Four factors that one can expend energy:
1. basal metabolism
2. physical activity
3. thermic effect of food
4. thermogeneesis
The number of calories your body is going to use during the fasting state is
known as:
basal metabolic rate
Things that can change your BMR is:
body size, temperature, age, gender, lean body muscles, nervous system activity,
caffeine, and smoking
Physical activity:
accounts for 15-40% total kcals of a person, bodily movement, body size, and fitness
level determines calorie expenditure.
Low physical activity leads to:
weight gain
Thermic effect of food:
, accounts for 10% total kcals of a person, it is the energy that we use for digestion and
absorption of food (larger meals have a higher thermic effect)
Thermogenesis:
is the ability of regulate our body temperature during different activities; it is the process
of heat production
Brown fat cells
a tissue in the neck and between the shoulders that is specialized for rapid heat
production; it is found more in children and infants
White fat cells
used to store energy
How are calories measured:
direct and indirect calorimetry
Direct calorimetry:
measurement of heat production as an indication of metabolic rate
Indirect calorimetry:
Using measurements of oxygen intake and carbon dioxide output Along with scientific
formulas to measure energy expended
Body Mass Index (BMI)
An improved measurement of body fat relation to one's height and weight
BMI - underweight range:
less than 18.5
BMI - healthy range:
19-24.9
BMI - overweight range:
25-29.99
BMI - obese range:
greater than 30
Males have an average of ____________ body fat:
8-24%
Females have an average of ____________ body fat:
21-35%
Body fat levels of 24% or higher in males or 35% or higher in females indicate:
obesity
Ways to determine body fat:
underwater weighing, bioelectrical impedance. DEXA dual energy x-ray absoptiometry,
anthroprometrics, and home scales that uses electrodes
Underwater weighing:
a very accurate tool in which one is weighed on a scale and then under water. The
difference between the two would measure body fat and lean muscle
Bioelectrical impedance:
is another way to measure body fat in which an instrument is connected to the body that
sends an electric current to it; it assesses your body composition, the measurement of
body fat in relation to lean body mass
DEXA (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry):
it is the best way to determine body fat and bone mass in which in instrument sends out
small amounts of radiation to determine fat, lean tissue, and bone
