BUSOBA 2321 MIDTERM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
characteristics48of48a48good48decision48-48answer---based48on48logic
-considers48all48options48and48info48available
-sometimes48gives48unfavorable48results
548steps48of48the48decision48making48process48-48answer--1)48define48problem
2)48list48all48alternatives48(options,48rows)
3)48identify48outcomes48(states48of48nature,48columns)48for48each48alternative48
4)48identify48payoff48for48each48combo48of48alternatives48and48outcome
5)48pick48a48technique
profit48=48-48answer--revenue48-48cost
revenue48=48-48answer--Price48x48Quantity
costs48=48-48answer--fixed48costs48+48(quantity48x48variable48costs)
Profit48line48equation48-48answer--(P-VC)48x48Q48-48FC
break48even48point48graph48-48answer--FC=48intercept48
(P-VC)=48slope
x48intercept48=48break48even48point
indifference48point48-48answer--when48total48costs48are48equal48to48profit
indifference48point48equation48(with48price)48-48answer--(Pa-VCa)Q-FCa=(Pb-VCb)Q-
FCb
indifference48point48equation48(with48costs48only)48-48answer--FCa+VCa*Q=FCb+VCb*Q
Steps48to48calculating48indifference48point48-48answer--
1)48Determine48Equations48for48each48
2)48Set48each48equation48equal48to48each48other48and48solve48for48Q
, 3)48make48indifference48point48table,48set48test48points,48plug48back48into48equation
4)48determine48which48points48yield48the48highest48profit
MAXIMAX48-48answer--
optimistic,48choosing48biggest48return48option48(rows),48then48max48of48these48options
MAXMIN48-48answer--
pessimistic,48choosing48the48smallest48return48option48(rows),48then48take48the48max48of
48these48options
MINIMAX48Regret48-48answer--
1)48find48best48outcome48for48each48state48of48nature48(column)
2)48determine48the48regret48for48each48combo48
48-48what48you48could48have48had48-48what48you48got48aka
48best48payoff48-48actual48payoff
3)48find48the48max48regret48of48each48option48(row)
4)48take48the48min48of48these48max'sperfec
EMV48stands48for48-48answer--expected48monetary48value
EMV48's48are48-48answer--the48lines48on48your48graph
how48to48find48EMV48-48answer--Value48(p)48+48Value48(p-1)
EMV48Max48-48answer--range48of48solutions48
ex:
048<=48p48<=48.348A
.348<=48p48<=48.748B
.748<=48p48<=48148C
-48find48these48by48setting48EMV's48=48to48each48other
-
48this48is48the48line48that48is48made48when48all48EMV's48are48graphed48and48you48are48lo
oking48at48the48maximum48solutions
EVwPI48means48-48answer--expected48value48with48perfect48info48
-48perfect48info48would48tell48us48with48certainty48what48outcome48is48going48to48occur
EVwPI48is48what48on48a48graph48-48answer--
A48line48created48by48connecting48the48two48highest48points48on48either48side48of48the48y
48axis's
EVwPI48calculation48-48answer--Slope48+48y48int
Slope48=48Rise48/48Run48(run48=481-048bc48probability48from480-148is48on48the48x48axis)
AND ANSWERS
characteristics48of48a48good48decision48-48answer---based48on48logic
-considers48all48options48and48info48available
-sometimes48gives48unfavorable48results
548steps48of48the48decision48making48process48-48answer--1)48define48problem
2)48list48all48alternatives48(options,48rows)
3)48identify48outcomes48(states48of48nature,48columns)48for48each48alternative48
4)48identify48payoff48for48each48combo48of48alternatives48and48outcome
5)48pick48a48technique
profit48=48-48answer--revenue48-48cost
revenue48=48-48answer--Price48x48Quantity
costs48=48-48answer--fixed48costs48+48(quantity48x48variable48costs)
Profit48line48equation48-48answer--(P-VC)48x48Q48-48FC
break48even48point48graph48-48answer--FC=48intercept48
(P-VC)=48slope
x48intercept48=48break48even48point
indifference48point48-48answer--when48total48costs48are48equal48to48profit
indifference48point48equation48(with48price)48-48answer--(Pa-VCa)Q-FCa=(Pb-VCb)Q-
FCb
indifference48point48equation48(with48costs48only)48-48answer--FCa+VCa*Q=FCb+VCb*Q
Steps48to48calculating48indifference48point48-48answer--
1)48Determine48Equations48for48each48
2)48Set48each48equation48equal48to48each48other48and48solve48for48Q
, 3)48make48indifference48point48table,48set48test48points,48plug48back48into48equation
4)48determine48which48points48yield48the48highest48profit
MAXIMAX48-48answer--
optimistic,48choosing48biggest48return48option48(rows),48then48max48of48these48options
MAXMIN48-48answer--
pessimistic,48choosing48the48smallest48return48option48(rows),48then48take48the48max48of
48these48options
MINIMAX48Regret48-48answer--
1)48find48best48outcome48for48each48state48of48nature48(column)
2)48determine48the48regret48for48each48combo48
48-48what48you48could48have48had48-48what48you48got48aka
48best48payoff48-48actual48payoff
3)48find48the48max48regret48of48each48option48(row)
4)48take48the48min48of48these48max'sperfec
EMV48stands48for48-48answer--expected48monetary48value
EMV48's48are48-48answer--the48lines48on48your48graph
how48to48find48EMV48-48answer--Value48(p)48+48Value48(p-1)
EMV48Max48-48answer--range48of48solutions48
ex:
048<=48p48<=48.348A
.348<=48p48<=48.748B
.748<=48p48<=48148C
-48find48these48by48setting48EMV's48=48to48each48other
-
48this48is48the48line48that48is48made48when48all48EMV's48are48graphed48and48you48are48lo
oking48at48the48maximum48solutions
EVwPI48means48-48answer--expected48value48with48perfect48info48
-48perfect48info48would48tell48us48with48certainty48what48outcome48is48going48to48occur
EVwPI48is48what48on48a48graph48-48answer--
A48line48created48by48connecting48the48two48highest48points48on48either48side48of48the48y
48axis's
EVwPI48calculation48-48answer--Slope48+48y48int
Slope48=48Rise48/48Run48(run48=481-048bc48probability48from480-148is48on48the48x48axis)