NMTCB EXAM PREP
1. Path of blood through the heart and lungs to body.: Deoxygenated blood enters the right
atrium from the superior vena cavae. The right atrium and ventricle
are separated by the tricuspid valve. During ventricular diastole, (relaxation or fillingphase),
the tricuspid valve opens, allowing blood to flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle.
The blood exits the right ventricle during ventricular systole, (contraction phase), and travels
through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which leads into the lungs. Carbon
dioxide and oxygen are exchanged in alveoli of the lungs. Blood becomes oxygen rich, newly
oxygenated blood enters theleft atrium by way of the pulmonary veins. Blood then passes
through mitral valve into LV during ventricular diastole. This blood is introduced into
circulation during ventricular systole by passing through aortic valve and into aorta.
2. QRS complex indicates...: depolarization of the ventricles
3. Radioactivity Units: Bq or Ci
4. Exposure Units: Coulomb/ kg or R (roentgen)
5. Dose Equivalent Units: Sv (Sievert) or Rem
6. Absorbed Dose Units: Gray or Rad
7. Effects of oxygen in RP kit?: Can convert stannous ion (Sn2+)to stannic ion(Sn4+), that
interferes with the amount of Tc that can be chelated aka (tagged).
8. Purpose of Sn2+ in RP kit...: To reduce Tc99m to a lower oxidation state (from7+ to a
lower state)
9. Specific concentration...: Activity per volume (ex. mCi/mL)
10. Specific activity...: Activity per gram. (ex. mCi/mg)
11. What is the QC testing for chemical impurity?: ex. Al3+, Sn2+, Sn4+ ->Colormetric
Method
12. QC test for radiochemical impurities?: Chromatography
13. Ex. of radiochemical impurity?: Unbound Tc99 in Tc99m OR hydrolized vs.reduced Tc
14. QC test for radionuclidic generator eluate impurity?: Moly Breakthrough
15. Calibration Labeling... (What 3 things do you need?): Calibration date, time,and amount
of Mo99.
16. CT scan is a...: transmission scan (from machine to pt)
17. PET and SPECT scans are...: Emission Scans (From pt to machine)
18. Diffuse means?: Spread (NOT focus)
19. A critical organ is?: Organ that receives the most radiation.
20. A target organ is?: The organ you want to IMAGE.
,21. FDG is highly sensitive but not, ?: Specific
(*specificmeaning "it's not just for imaging lungs")
22. Myasthenia gravis?: Neuromuscular disorder that causes fluctuating weak-ness of certain
skeletal muscle groups; (of the eyes, face and sometimes limbs)
23. Region 2: Ionization region: Dose Calibrator (Ions slowly collect at the cath-odes and
anodes causing
an electric current)
24. A Well Counter is what type of detector?: Scintillation
25. UN2910: is Limited Quantity and surface exposure rate is less than 0.5 mRem/hr
26. UN2915: is Normal Form, surface exposure rate above 0.5 mRem/hr
27. UN2908: is an Empty pkg
28. ACD Solution: Anticoagulant used in blood labeling
29. Acetazolamide (Diamox): Used in patients with TIAs, carotid artery disease,
cerebrovascular disease. Induces cerebral vasodilatation. *After oral or IV adminis-tration,
normal blood vessels dilate, but diseased ones do not. *Is also a diuretic.
30. Pharmaceuticals used in Meckel's diverticulum: Cimetidine (Tagamet) 300mg/kg,
Glucagon 0.5 mg, Pentagastrin (Peptavalon) 6 ug/kg
31. Atropine: Used to increase heart rate by blocking parasympathetic system.
*Antidote-Physostigmine
**may be administered (0.6 mg) IV to increase heart rate if dobutamine is failing
32. A-Fib: is an irregular, often rapid heat beat that commonly causes poor blood flow. The
atria beat out of coordination with the ventricles. Indications: SOB, fatigue,palpitations
33. Diastole: Relaxation (ventricles filling with blood)
34. Systole: Contraction (Blood leaving ventricles to lungs or to body)
35. Electric Conduction of the Heart: SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinjefibers
36. Common Reactor produced radionuclides?: Mo-99/Tc-99m , I-131, I-125,Xe-133, Sr-89,
Sm-153, P-32, Cr-51
37. Common Accelerator produced radionuclides?: I-123, Th-201, Ga-67, In-111,All positron
emitters
38. Bremsstrahlung?: *radiation that results from deceleration of the beta particlesas they
approach the nuclei
39. Film Badge Imp. Points: *made of 3to4 filters (Pb, Cu, Al, plastic)
*should be worn between waist and shoulder
, *processed monthly
*adversely affected by heat and moisture
*the amount of darkening on the film is proportional to amount of radiation absorbed
*effective measuring 10 mrem to several hundred rem
40. TLD Badge Imp. Points: *thermoluminescent dosimeter
*uses LiF crystal that emits a quantity of light proportional to the amount of radiationabsorbed
by crystal
*this light is released during high hearing called annealing
*can distinguish beta from photon/neutron radiation
*can only be analyzed once
*are used ring badges (forefinger)
41. OSLD Badge Imp. Points: *optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter
*uses thin slice of aluminum oxide to detect radiation
*resistant to heat, moisture and aging
*can be used to monitor more than once, up to 3 months
*can be analyzed multiple times
42. Caution: Radiation Area (sign): *where individual can receive more than 5 mrem(0.05
mSv) in 1 hour at 30 cm
*seen in entrances to nuc med labs
43. Caution: Radioactive Materials (sign): *where radioactive materials are used orstored
*usually in entrances of work areas and NM labs
*indicates potential presence of radiation sources and/or contamination
44. Caution: High Radiation Area (sign): *individual can receive more than 100mrem (1
mSv) in 1 hour at 30 cm from radiation source
*commonly where radiation therapy is performed
45. A wipe on an external package surface cannot exceed?: *7,200 dpm for awiped area of
300 cm^2 for gamma and beta emitters
46. Decay in Storage Imp. Points: *radioactive materials with a half life of less than120 days
can be stored in a shielded storage area until they are bkg
47. Equation for dpm: dpm = net cpm / efficiency
* NRC requires wipe testing must be recorded in dpm
1. Path of blood through the heart and lungs to body.: Deoxygenated blood enters the right
atrium from the superior vena cavae. The right atrium and ventricle
are separated by the tricuspid valve. During ventricular diastole, (relaxation or fillingphase),
the tricuspid valve opens, allowing blood to flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle.
The blood exits the right ventricle during ventricular systole, (contraction phase), and travels
through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which leads into the lungs. Carbon
dioxide and oxygen are exchanged in alveoli of the lungs. Blood becomes oxygen rich, newly
oxygenated blood enters theleft atrium by way of the pulmonary veins. Blood then passes
through mitral valve into LV during ventricular diastole. This blood is introduced into
circulation during ventricular systole by passing through aortic valve and into aorta.
2. QRS complex indicates...: depolarization of the ventricles
3. Radioactivity Units: Bq or Ci
4. Exposure Units: Coulomb/ kg or R (roentgen)
5. Dose Equivalent Units: Sv (Sievert) or Rem
6. Absorbed Dose Units: Gray or Rad
7. Effects of oxygen in RP kit?: Can convert stannous ion (Sn2+)to stannic ion(Sn4+), that
interferes with the amount of Tc that can be chelated aka (tagged).
8. Purpose of Sn2+ in RP kit...: To reduce Tc99m to a lower oxidation state (from7+ to a
lower state)
9. Specific concentration...: Activity per volume (ex. mCi/mL)
10. Specific activity...: Activity per gram. (ex. mCi/mg)
11. What is the QC testing for chemical impurity?: ex. Al3+, Sn2+, Sn4+ ->Colormetric
Method
12. QC test for radiochemical impurities?: Chromatography
13. Ex. of radiochemical impurity?: Unbound Tc99 in Tc99m OR hydrolized vs.reduced Tc
14. QC test for radionuclidic generator eluate impurity?: Moly Breakthrough
15. Calibration Labeling... (What 3 things do you need?): Calibration date, time,and amount
of Mo99.
16. CT scan is a...: transmission scan (from machine to pt)
17. PET and SPECT scans are...: Emission Scans (From pt to machine)
18. Diffuse means?: Spread (NOT focus)
19. A critical organ is?: Organ that receives the most radiation.
20. A target organ is?: The organ you want to IMAGE.
,21. FDG is highly sensitive but not, ?: Specific
(*specificmeaning "it's not just for imaging lungs")
22. Myasthenia gravis?: Neuromuscular disorder that causes fluctuating weak-ness of certain
skeletal muscle groups; (of the eyes, face and sometimes limbs)
23. Region 2: Ionization region: Dose Calibrator (Ions slowly collect at the cath-odes and
anodes causing
an electric current)
24. A Well Counter is what type of detector?: Scintillation
25. UN2910: is Limited Quantity and surface exposure rate is less than 0.5 mRem/hr
26. UN2915: is Normal Form, surface exposure rate above 0.5 mRem/hr
27. UN2908: is an Empty pkg
28. ACD Solution: Anticoagulant used in blood labeling
29. Acetazolamide (Diamox): Used in patients with TIAs, carotid artery disease,
cerebrovascular disease. Induces cerebral vasodilatation. *After oral or IV adminis-tration,
normal blood vessels dilate, but diseased ones do not. *Is also a diuretic.
30. Pharmaceuticals used in Meckel's diverticulum: Cimetidine (Tagamet) 300mg/kg,
Glucagon 0.5 mg, Pentagastrin (Peptavalon) 6 ug/kg
31. Atropine: Used to increase heart rate by blocking parasympathetic system.
*Antidote-Physostigmine
**may be administered (0.6 mg) IV to increase heart rate if dobutamine is failing
32. A-Fib: is an irregular, often rapid heat beat that commonly causes poor blood flow. The
atria beat out of coordination with the ventricles. Indications: SOB, fatigue,palpitations
33. Diastole: Relaxation (ventricles filling with blood)
34. Systole: Contraction (Blood leaving ventricles to lungs or to body)
35. Electric Conduction of the Heart: SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinjefibers
36. Common Reactor produced radionuclides?: Mo-99/Tc-99m , I-131, I-125,Xe-133, Sr-89,
Sm-153, P-32, Cr-51
37. Common Accelerator produced radionuclides?: I-123, Th-201, Ga-67, In-111,All positron
emitters
38. Bremsstrahlung?: *radiation that results from deceleration of the beta particlesas they
approach the nuclei
39. Film Badge Imp. Points: *made of 3to4 filters (Pb, Cu, Al, plastic)
*should be worn between waist and shoulder
, *processed monthly
*adversely affected by heat and moisture
*the amount of darkening on the film is proportional to amount of radiation absorbed
*effective measuring 10 mrem to several hundred rem
40. TLD Badge Imp. Points: *thermoluminescent dosimeter
*uses LiF crystal that emits a quantity of light proportional to the amount of radiationabsorbed
by crystal
*this light is released during high hearing called annealing
*can distinguish beta from photon/neutron radiation
*can only be analyzed once
*are used ring badges (forefinger)
41. OSLD Badge Imp. Points: *optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter
*uses thin slice of aluminum oxide to detect radiation
*resistant to heat, moisture and aging
*can be used to monitor more than once, up to 3 months
*can be analyzed multiple times
42. Caution: Radiation Area (sign): *where individual can receive more than 5 mrem(0.05
mSv) in 1 hour at 30 cm
*seen in entrances to nuc med labs
43. Caution: Radioactive Materials (sign): *where radioactive materials are used orstored
*usually in entrances of work areas and NM labs
*indicates potential presence of radiation sources and/or contamination
44. Caution: High Radiation Area (sign): *individual can receive more than 100mrem (1
mSv) in 1 hour at 30 cm from radiation source
*commonly where radiation therapy is performed
45. A wipe on an external package surface cannot exceed?: *7,200 dpm for awiped area of
300 cm^2 for gamma and beta emitters
46. Decay in Storage Imp. Points: *radioactive materials with a half life of less than120 days
can be stored in a shielded storage area until they are bkg
47. Equation for dpm: dpm = net cpm / efficiency
* NRC requires wipe testing must be recorded in dpm
