NSG 303 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What does critical thinking involve? - answers - planning!
What separates professional nurses from technical staff - answers - decision making
How to prioritize nursing care - answers - abc, pain, safety
What are the steps of clinical judgement - answers - noticing, interpreting, responding
and reflecting on client condition changes
What is disability an umbrella term for - answers - impairments, acitivity limitations,
participation restrictions and environmental factors
How do we define a person with a disability - answers - someone who has a physical
or mental impairment that limits one of more major life activities
What percentage of the population has a disability - answers - 15%
Difference between disability and disabling condition - answers - medical diagnosis is
the disabling condition and disability is the experience of difficulty
Medical model for diability - answers - views disability a problem of the individual, goal
is to fix it and hcps are the experts
Rehab model for disability - answers - based on the medical model where the pwd is
defective but failure to get better is a failure of the pwd
Social model of diability - answers - disability is socially constructed and a failure of
society to be able to provide access and accommodations and the "solution" is social
change
Functional model of disability - answers - driven by the who's international
classification and addresses component of health rather than consequences of disease
Interface model of health - answers - based on the life experience of the pwd: the
person rather than others defines the problems and seeks solutions.
Barriers to quality health care - answers - equipment, they do not have lift equipment,
people are older in out patient, exams might take longer which there is not enough time
for
Consequences to bad healthcare lead to - answers - poor health status, isolation and
psych issues
,True or false: one in four adults has two or more chronic health conditions, this causes
the risk for conflicting medical advice and increases the cost of care - answers - true
How to give geriatric meds - answers - start low and go slow
What causes lung mass decrease by 20%, number of alveoli decreased, decreased
sensitivity to beta stimulation and anatomical changes in older adults - answers - rib
cage is smaller so it is harder to breathe which leads to decreased gas exchange at
alveoli
Decreased capillary function, decreased mucous production and it is thicker, decreased
immunity and past environmental exposures in older adults leads to - answers -
decreased irritant filtration, less protective mechanisms and increased risk of resp
infections
Pacing cells become worn out, pace maker gives up the lead and impulses are blocked
leads to - answers - arrhythmias
Walls of blood vessels thicken and the muscular tissue is replaces with connective
tissue which is irregular in size and shape causing turbulent blood flow which all lead to
- answers - decreased output, blockage, stiffer arteries and veins, blood clots and
vascular disease
Ventricular wall loses elasticity, calcium deposits in the valves and they become stiff
and highly responsive to alpha stimulation are all indicative of - answers - heart failure
Decreased sensation of thirst/ don't drink enough water, vasopressin release can
dehydrate the body and medications all lead to - answers - hypovolemia, dehydration
which can cause kidney issues, dizziness and passing out
Stiff irregular lumens of the small vessels prevent oxygen and glucose from getting to
some parts of the brain which can lead to - answers - stroke, tia, ams and dementia
Number of neurotransmitters and receptors in the brain decreases with age leading to -
answers - cognitive decline, memory issues, thought process
Cognitive functioning slows so it takes longer to process and respond to information
leads to - answers - reaction time decreases and they can break bones like hips or hit
their head
Brain mass decreases by 1% every year after age 50= normal atrophy which can lead
to - answers - slosh effects so if in a fall or car accident you can have more severe
issues, more risk of bleeding but you have more room to bleed because more space
Muscle cells are replaced with fat which is weaker, arthritis can be painful, cartilage
between vertebrae discs dry up, walking style changes to accommodate changes in
, strength, balance, abilities and physical changes with fear of falling all lead to - answers
- changes in mobility and pain with the physical changes
Metabolism and peristalsis slows which causes constipation, changes in taste and
decreased saliva production occur, depression and loneliness, inability to obtain healthy
foods and physical limitations along with pain and reflux with eating lead to - answers -
meals being taxing for the elderly so we see reluctance to eat and nutrition issues
During meals/eating blood shunts to the g ut which can decrease perfusion to the heart
which causes medical events associated with meals leading to - answers - syncope
and vagal nerve stimulation when using the toilet and chest pain
Dehydration and chronic 50 ml residual can lead to - answers - uti
Bladder shrinks from 500-600ml down to 300ml and delayed sense of urgency which
can lead to - answers - incontinence
Hypertension or hypotension and urinary flow obstruction can lead to - answers -
decreased function and perfusion which leads to aki and electrolyte toxicity and acidosis
Decreased sweat gland activity in older adults and inability to sweat effectively leads to -
answers - hyperthermia
Decreased elasticity, thinner epidermis and loss of sq fat leads to - answers - pressure
injuries and skin tears from less cushioning on the bones
Increased skin permeability can lead to - answers - risk for infection because more
open wounds and things can pass through, higher risk of cellulitis, topical meds have a
variability of absorption
Lid laxity=vision obstruction, decreased tear production, decreased pupil response and
decreased visual acuity lead to - answers - higher risk for falls and vision changes
Conductive hearing loss=bone degeneration, sensorineural hearing loss due to nerve
damage, or a combo of both and difficulty localizing sounds leads to - answers - the
use of hearing aids, decreased risk of knowing where danger is, and isolation from
social situations
Decreased amount/specificity of pain receptors and neuropathies leads to - answers -
higher risk for accidental burning or hurting themselves, can't walk right, injury, can not
localize pain
Causes and risk factors for constipation - answers - 1. Caused by a lot such as meds,
immobility, weak and poor musculature, diet, fatigue
2. Increased risk at an older age
What does critical thinking involve? - answers - planning!
What separates professional nurses from technical staff - answers - decision making
How to prioritize nursing care - answers - abc, pain, safety
What are the steps of clinical judgement - answers - noticing, interpreting, responding
and reflecting on client condition changes
What is disability an umbrella term for - answers - impairments, acitivity limitations,
participation restrictions and environmental factors
How do we define a person with a disability - answers - someone who has a physical
or mental impairment that limits one of more major life activities
What percentage of the population has a disability - answers - 15%
Difference between disability and disabling condition - answers - medical diagnosis is
the disabling condition and disability is the experience of difficulty
Medical model for diability - answers - views disability a problem of the individual, goal
is to fix it and hcps are the experts
Rehab model for disability - answers - based on the medical model where the pwd is
defective but failure to get better is a failure of the pwd
Social model of diability - answers - disability is socially constructed and a failure of
society to be able to provide access and accommodations and the "solution" is social
change
Functional model of disability - answers - driven by the who's international
classification and addresses component of health rather than consequences of disease
Interface model of health - answers - based on the life experience of the pwd: the
person rather than others defines the problems and seeks solutions.
Barriers to quality health care - answers - equipment, they do not have lift equipment,
people are older in out patient, exams might take longer which there is not enough time
for
Consequences to bad healthcare lead to - answers - poor health status, isolation and
psych issues
,True or false: one in four adults has two or more chronic health conditions, this causes
the risk for conflicting medical advice and increases the cost of care - answers - true
How to give geriatric meds - answers - start low and go slow
What causes lung mass decrease by 20%, number of alveoli decreased, decreased
sensitivity to beta stimulation and anatomical changes in older adults - answers - rib
cage is smaller so it is harder to breathe which leads to decreased gas exchange at
alveoli
Decreased capillary function, decreased mucous production and it is thicker, decreased
immunity and past environmental exposures in older adults leads to - answers -
decreased irritant filtration, less protective mechanisms and increased risk of resp
infections
Pacing cells become worn out, pace maker gives up the lead and impulses are blocked
leads to - answers - arrhythmias
Walls of blood vessels thicken and the muscular tissue is replaces with connective
tissue which is irregular in size and shape causing turbulent blood flow which all lead to
- answers - decreased output, blockage, stiffer arteries and veins, blood clots and
vascular disease
Ventricular wall loses elasticity, calcium deposits in the valves and they become stiff
and highly responsive to alpha stimulation are all indicative of - answers - heart failure
Decreased sensation of thirst/ don't drink enough water, vasopressin release can
dehydrate the body and medications all lead to - answers - hypovolemia, dehydration
which can cause kidney issues, dizziness and passing out
Stiff irregular lumens of the small vessels prevent oxygen and glucose from getting to
some parts of the brain which can lead to - answers - stroke, tia, ams and dementia
Number of neurotransmitters and receptors in the brain decreases with age leading to -
answers - cognitive decline, memory issues, thought process
Cognitive functioning slows so it takes longer to process and respond to information
leads to - answers - reaction time decreases and they can break bones like hips or hit
their head
Brain mass decreases by 1% every year after age 50= normal atrophy which can lead
to - answers - slosh effects so if in a fall or car accident you can have more severe
issues, more risk of bleeding but you have more room to bleed because more space
Muscle cells are replaced with fat which is weaker, arthritis can be painful, cartilage
between vertebrae discs dry up, walking style changes to accommodate changes in
, strength, balance, abilities and physical changes with fear of falling all lead to - answers
- changes in mobility and pain with the physical changes
Metabolism and peristalsis slows which causes constipation, changes in taste and
decreased saliva production occur, depression and loneliness, inability to obtain healthy
foods and physical limitations along with pain and reflux with eating lead to - answers -
meals being taxing for the elderly so we see reluctance to eat and nutrition issues
During meals/eating blood shunts to the g ut which can decrease perfusion to the heart
which causes medical events associated with meals leading to - answers - syncope
and vagal nerve stimulation when using the toilet and chest pain
Dehydration and chronic 50 ml residual can lead to - answers - uti
Bladder shrinks from 500-600ml down to 300ml and delayed sense of urgency which
can lead to - answers - incontinence
Hypertension or hypotension and urinary flow obstruction can lead to - answers -
decreased function and perfusion which leads to aki and electrolyte toxicity and acidosis
Decreased sweat gland activity in older adults and inability to sweat effectively leads to -
answers - hyperthermia
Decreased elasticity, thinner epidermis and loss of sq fat leads to - answers - pressure
injuries and skin tears from less cushioning on the bones
Increased skin permeability can lead to - answers - risk for infection because more
open wounds and things can pass through, higher risk of cellulitis, topical meds have a
variability of absorption
Lid laxity=vision obstruction, decreased tear production, decreased pupil response and
decreased visual acuity lead to - answers - higher risk for falls and vision changes
Conductive hearing loss=bone degeneration, sensorineural hearing loss due to nerve
damage, or a combo of both and difficulty localizing sounds leads to - answers - the
use of hearing aids, decreased risk of knowing where danger is, and isolation from
social situations
Decreased amount/specificity of pain receptors and neuropathies leads to - answers -
higher risk for accidental burning or hurting themselves, can't walk right, injury, can not
localize pain
Causes and risk factors for constipation - answers - 1. Caused by a lot such as meds,
immobility, weak and poor musculature, diet, fatigue
2. Increased risk at an older age
